Author Yuan Mei (17 16- 1797) is from Qiantang, Zhejiang. After four years of Qianlong (1739), he chose Jishi Shu to join the Imperial Academy, and after seven years of Qianlong (1742), he was released to the south of the Yangtze River. As a "master of SAO altar", Yuan Mei has been in charge of politics and literature for 50 years. His poetic theory of "the theory of soul" was popular in Ganjia (1736- 1820), which swept away Shen Deqian's theory of archaizing and Weng Fanggang's unhealthy tendency of taking textual research as poetry, and made the poetry circle in Qing Dynasty look brand-new.
Poetry with the Garden is a work compiled by Yuan Mei to publicize his aesthetic thought of "the theory of soul". Song Renxu? He said: "Poets, distinguish syntax, prepare for the past and the present, remember virtues, record differences and correct mistakes."
("Xu Yanzhou's Poetry Talk") Therefore, poetry talk works mainly focus on comments, notes, or textual research. Generally, they are short essays. Of course, Suiyuan Shi Hua is also an essay, but its main content is to collect and record poems of spiritual nature and expound the poetic theory of "spiritual nature", with notes in the middle, which is different from previous poems.
Its purpose is to demonstrate its theory by collecting and recording a large number of poems about the theory of the soul, or to collect and advocate outstanding works of contemporary people based on its aesthetic thought. This book * * * has 26 volumes (Shihua 16, Shihuabu 10), with nearly 570,000 words, and its scale is indeed unprecedented.
The essence of Suiyuan Poetry Talk is its aesthetic thought of "the theory of spiritual nature", as Mr. Qian Zhongshu said: "It is often simple and harmonious, which is not only a medicine stone at that time, but also enough to attack mistakes for future generations." Yuan Mei also commented that "there is still room for expressing one's own opinions and revealing the hidden light of virtue" (Building a House with Bi).
Looking at the poetic theory of Suiyuan Poetry, the main purpose is to emphasize the conditions that the creative subject should have, which are mainly manifested in the three elements of true feelings, personality and poetic talent, and based on these three points, some specific viewpoints are born, thus forming a poetic theoretical system with true feelings, personality and poetic talent as its connotation. The following is a brief introduction: First, the theory of true feelings.
Shi Hua believes that the poet's creation must first have true feelings. As the saying goes, "a poet does not lose his childlike innocence", only when he has true feelings can he have the impulse to create: "Love is endless, and yěnyn turns into poetry." As a lyric art, poetry should naturally "write its own temperament", holding that "all people who preach poetry have spirituality, regardless of piling up" and opposing replacing spirituality with textual research.
In Shi Hua, in order to oppose Shen Deqian's pseudo-Daoism, the poem "Expressing the love between men and women" was particularly emphasized. In view of the vivid feelings of poetry, the aesthetic function of poetry is the main one: "The sage said,' Poetry can flourish' because it is the easiest to infect people."
It is good to emphasize that "poetry can enter the heart and spleen", so as to oppose the concept of "poetry teaching" in the name of "dynamic discipline" Second, the theory of individuality.
Shi Hua also thinks that the poet's creation needs individuality. As the saying goes, "You can't write a poem without me", and there is another saying, "People without me are puppets". Highlighting "I" means emphasizing the role of the poet's unique nature, temperament, aesthetic ability and other factors in his creation.
Because there is "I", so the artistic conception requires originality. The so-called "careful solo and self-creation" can express one's own spirit, "create new ideas and express one's own views" and write excellent works that are far from the Jews. Different poets have different personalities and naturally form different styles. Shi Hua advocates the diversification of style. Poetry is like a natural flower, spring flowers and autumn chrysanthemums, each with its own show ... inaction is the first and second.
Therefore, Wang Shizhen's verve poems neither praise nor belittle, pointing out that "there is only one ear in poetry" and "poetry need not be like this, so we should know this realm". The Book of Songs also focuses on criticizing the imitation of the "tone theory" from the seven poets in Ming Dynasty to Shen Deqian and the last stream of the Song School: "The seven poets in Ming Dynasty commented on poetry, but they don't know the present people, and they have different opinions." "If you know your temperament, you will have a rhythm, and the rhythm is not separated from your temperament." "Deliberately take the cold road of the Song Dynasty and ask beggars to move."
Third, the theory of poetic talent. "Spirit" refers to both temperament and pen power, which is characterized by quick thinking.
"Poetry Talk" holds that "the way of poetry and prose lies in talent, and a wise person can understand it at a finger". Yuan Mei paid attention to poetry and talent, but he didn't give up school. So he pointed out that "anyone who reads more books is an important thing for a poet, so he must have a lot of books."
It's just that the purpose is not to replace spirituality with scrolls, but to "help me with dignity." Therefore, Yuan Mei opposed Weng Fanggang's mistake of copying books as poems, and criticized "the poems of scholars are unpleasant to read". Based on poetic talent and spirituality, Shihua attaches great importance to the inspiration phenomenon of "inspiration" and "prosperity" produced by spiritual people when creating ideas, and advocates "the most beautiful nature", that is, art expresses nature without modification. Because of this, he especially appreciates the ballad of "thinking of women, being quiet and cunning".
However, Yuan Mei did not object to people's merits, especially the literati poem "If people's merits are not extremely high, they will naturally not come; Although clouds are natural, they must be contested by people. The so-called "a hundred attempts become soft." This theory is quite artistic dialectics.
As for the artistic image of poetry, we advocate "qi" or "interest", that is, flexibility, vividness and touching, because "poetry is not interesting, such as wooden horses and mud dragons, which only increase people's annoyance". If we want to be "qi" and "interesting", we need vivid and vivid language. "Always stand on paper, not paper"; The expression technique is mainly sketching, "blindly sketching vividly", and it is opposed to "filling books, filling paper, and boasting profoundness" so as not to stifle the vitality and interest of poetry.
However, if the allusions are "unfilled" and "appropriate", it is not excluded. The above poetic theory is partially separated and directly expounded in Shi Hua; Most of them are combined with poems and essays.
The poetic aesthetic thought of Shihua is the standard of poetry selection in Shihua, which is sublimated on the basis of poetry selection. Therefore, the content of Shi Hua is based on a large number of selected poems.
Yuan Mei once said: "Everyone loves poetry as much as color, and every time he reads a beautiful sentence, it is like a peerless beauty reading it. Knowing that it was someone else's wife and daughter was nothing to me, but I didn't know it was hidden in the middle, so I couldn't help laughing. This "Poetry with the Garden" is also. " ("Answer Mr. Peng") can be seen.
2. The word "pregnant" in Suiyuan poem should mean pregnant.
Plum trees are full of plum blossoms.
In the last sentence, the dung worker with the garden reported a good news in the plum blossom in mid-October: flowers are everywhere. This sentence shows that the plum tree is full of flowers, and the dung picker is very happy to tell it after seeing it.
The monk said: this plum blossom is in the garden and can't be taken away.
I mean: I love this plum tree and don't want to take her flowers away.
It expresses pity for the plum tree. Don't take away what others love, don't force others, think of others.
Compare Mei Shu to a woman who can't bear to take her child away from her.
The monk was sorry that he couldn't take Mei Shu away, but Yu couldn't bear to take Mei Shu away because he knew the pain of separation.
= = = = = = = = = = = = = For reference only = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
Hehe ~ ~ ~ ~
3. Poetry with the Garden is a reading answer. The children in the village are all teachers, and they are all good sentences. In mid-October, they happily reported under the plum tree: "There is a flower!" " There is a saying in the lingering sound: "The moon reflects thousands of bamboos, and first frost Gao Mei is pregnant with flowers."
When I went out in February, a wild monk saw me off and said, "It's a pity that the male can't take the plum blossoms in the garden!" There is a saying in the echo: "You only pity Xiangxuemei thousands of trees, and you can't take them away." 1. Explain the following box words: * 1 turn it into a good sentence *2 because there is a saying (cloud) *3 (pity) Xiangxuemei thousand trees 2. Translate the following sentence * 1. 1in the middle of October, under the plum tree, there was good news: "There are flowers!" 3. What is the inspiration of the author's writing "only pity Xiang Xue, don't take it away"? Answer (the original sentence) 4. What kind of person is Yu in the article? One, 1, all, all.
2, yes, say it. 3. Love.
Second, 65438+ [This passage should be selected from Suiyuan Poetry].
4. Poetry with the Garden is a reading answer. The children in the village are all teachers, and they are all good sentences. In mid-October, they happily reported under the plum tree: "There is a flower!" " There is a saying in the lingering sound: "The moon reflects thousands of bamboos, and first frost Gao Mei is pregnant with flowers." When I went out in February, a wild monk saw me off and said, "It's a pity that the male can't take the plum blossoms in the garden!" There is a saying in the echo: "You only pity Xiangxuemei thousands of trees, and you can't take them away."
1. Explain the words in the following boxes:
* 1 Make a good sentence with take(all)
*2 because there is a saying (cloud)
*3 (unfortunately) Xiangxuemei has thousands of trees
2. Translate the following sentences
* 1 mid-October, the dung pickers in the garden reported a happy cloud under the plum tree: "There are flowers everywhere!"
3. What is the inspiration of the author's writing "only pity Xiang Xue, don't take it away"? (original answer)
4. What kind of person do you think Yu is in the sketch?
1. 1, full sum. 2, yes, say it. 3. Love. Second, 65438+ [This passage should be selected from Suiyuan Poetry].
5. When I was in my twenties in Beijing, I heard that there was a cloth Xu Ling in Wujiang, who had a reputation for outstanding wisdom and unique style, but I never had a chance to meet him.
In July of Gengyin, my arm ached, so I bought a boat to visit Xuling Tire in Wujiang. We were all very happy after meeting and talking with him. Xu Ling is almost eighty years old, but she is talkative and funny. She left me at his house to drink and gave me medicine for my arm pain.
His home is near Taihu Lake, and the beautiful scenery of the seventy-two peaks of Taihu Lake is close at hand. He has a good saying: Is there really an absolutely leisurely day in life? Even if you are over 100 years old, there are still many things to be solved.
The poem "Self-titled Tomb Gate" says: The mountains are full of precious medicinal materials, but the pine trees on the roadside are full of Taoist priests who cultivate immortals. Xu Ling has written articles such as Quit Gambling, Quit Drinking and Persuade the World. Although the language is vulgar and simple, it is very appropriate.
In "Stab in the Times", it is said that people who study are the most mixed, divergent and decadent imperial examination articles, which rot like mud. Originally, the country adopted the system of selecting talents based on literature to attract talents, but it has become a trick of deceiving each other. Repeat the topic in three sentences and explain it in two sentences, and you can say that you are an excellent student of Confucius.
However, they know the three links (general code >:, general records >, literature general examination >; What are the good articles about the Four Histories (Historical Records, History of Han Dynasty, History of Later Han Dynasty, History of the Three Kingdoms)? Do you know what dynasty Emperor Gaozu and Emperor Taizong were? There are articles given by famous scholars on the desk. I bought an imperial examination article from the bookstore to explain it. When I read them, I always sigh in my mouth to express my feelings. What does it taste like for seniors who read four books and five classics like chewing sugar cane to read such an article? Idle away one's time and spend one's life in a daze. Even if he happened to cheat a big official with this kind of article, it can only be said that the people and the court were unlucky.
6. Poems with the Garden Yuan Mei's Poems with the Garden
Yuan Mei
Feiyun is always in my heart,
The bright moon sinks into the pool, and the shadow does not flow.
The moon should know me,
Meet in a foreign land year after year.
The children and shepherds in the village, their words and deeds, their smiles and smiles are all my teachers, and I brought them cleverly, which can be good sentences. The dung collector in the garden happily told me that there was a tree blooming under the plum tree in October. That's why there is a poem, "The moon prints bamboo into Qian Qian, and the plum blossoms in first frost are pregnant with flowers". When I went out in February, a monk gave it to me and said, "It's a pity that the plum blossoms in the garden are in full bloom and I can't take them away." That's why there is the poem "only pity the fragrant flowers, pay attention to all the trees, and you can't take them away at the age of six." Poetry of