This poem is a famous piece among Lingyun landscape poems, so it typically embodies some of the characteristics of the evolution of poetic style in the early Song Dynasty. Liu Xie once summed it up brilliantly in "Wen Xin Diao Long·Ming Poems": "In the early Song Dynasty, the style of poetry and chants was changed because of changes. Lao and Zhuang resigned, and the mountains and rivers flourished. Li picked hundreds of words by chance, and competed for the price of one sentence; The emotion must be extremely beautiful to describe the object, and the words must be exhaustive and novel.” And this poem has very significant characteristics in terms of paying attention to parallelism, deliberately refining sentences, describing the scene with extremely beautiful scenery, and pursuing novelty in diction.
The first two sentences are well-crafted and extremely concise in their duality, outlining the beauty of the mountains and waters from both the big and the virtual. From the forest fog shrouding the mountains in the early morning, to the fog dispersing and clouds opening after sunrise, and then to the darkness gathering at dusk, not only the climate changes in temperature and temperature within a day, but also the mountains, forests, springs, green mountains and green waters are illuminated by the bright red sun. It is also colorful, light and dark, gorgeous and full of abnormalities, making it dizzying and pleasing to the eye. "Landscape" and "Qinghui" summarize the three-dimensional panoramic view of heaven and earth from the horizontal perspective of space. And with the word "change" and the word "han" respectively, the weather and scenery are surprisingly abnormal, and the mountains and waters are so rich and deep, all of which leave readers with reverie. These two sentences may seem ordinary, but they contain profound and rich meaning.
The two sentences "Qinghui" are consecutively repeated in a true way, inheriting nature. Although it is derived from the sentence "The sounds and colors of the Qiang entertain people, and the viewers are so depressed that they forget to return" in "Chu Ci·Nine Songs·Dongjun", but it is used here very naturally and appropriately, completely reflecting the poet's specific situation. Hu Yinglin, a scholar of the Ming Dynasty, said: "Many of the good lines of spiritual movement are the result of deep thought and hard work, such as 'Qinghui can entertain people'. Although they are not formed by training, they are all the result of true accumulation." ("Poetry") "Sou·waibian") points out that the poet does not deliberately imitate his predecessors, but uses the successful experiences of his predecessors obtained from his literacy to create inspiration in his artistic practice, thus naturally or unconsciously melting into his own In artistic conception. It is not said that the poet is nostalgic for the landscape and is so happy that he forgets to leave, but that the landscape entertains people, as if the clear light of the landscape also understands people and actively retains the poet. As the saying goes, "I see things with my eyes, and the old things all have my color." ("Human Words")
The two sentences "Out of the Valley" connect the previous and the following: It was still early when I walked out of the valley, but when I entered the boat on Wu Lake, the sun was shining brightly. Already dim. These two sentences point out that the tour lasts a whole day, echoing the first sentence "Hai Dan"; at the same time, they secretly make a good transition for the following description of the evening lake scene.
The above six sentences are the first level. They describe the impression of a day trip to the stone wall. They are fictitious and abbreviated. The following six sentences of "Lin He" describe the evening scene in the lake in detail: In the evening, among the forest and mountain ravines, the night gradually gathers and gathers; the remaining atmosphere of flying clouds and flowing clouds in the sky is quickly gathering towards the horizon. In the lake, the fields of lotus leaves overlap with each other. The green leaves are covered with the afterglow of the sunset and cast dark shadows. The light and dark are intertwined and reflect each other; the clumps of calamus and barnyard grass are on the boat. The waves cut by the oars are swaying and turbulent, leaning left and right, relying on each other. These four sentences are written from the forest and ravines to the clouds on the horizon, from the lotus flowers all over the lake to the weeds beside the boat, depicting a picture of returning home at night on the lake reflected by the sky and the lake, further rendering the clear light entertaining people and wandering people wandering. Ran's interest. The writing method of this paragraph is not only consistent and orderly, but also the brushstrokes are delicate and carefully crafted, and every detail is perfect. In terms of framing, the distance is different, the perspective is changeable, and the composition has a strong sense of three-dimensionality and dynamics; in terms of syntax, it is paired with two pairs, and the craftsmanship is exquisite. All these reflect the characteristics of Xie's poems: "Emotions must be extremely beautiful to describe things, and words must be exhausted and pursue new things." Although it is an exercise of ingenuity, it is still natural.
The two sentences "Pu Fu" describe his boating and land travel, pushing aside the grass and trees on the roadside, heading towards the path of Nanshan; after arriving home, he died in Dongxuan relaxed and happy, but the joy and excitement in his heart were not yet there. calm. The words "church" and "yan" not only point out the process of getting ashore and getting home, but are also extremely emotional: when you rush home in the evening, you must "church" if you are in love; when you are tired from a day's tour, you must "yan" (lye down) when you get home. . It can be said that he is extremely skilled in calligraphy.
The last four sentences are divided into two levels, describing the mysteries realized after traveling. The poet realized that as long as a person thinks indifferently, he will naturally take lightly external things such as fame and fortune, poverty, honor and disgrace; as long as he often feels comfortable and satisfied in his heart, he will feel that his character will not violate the principles of the universe. , everything can be in accordance with the mood and adaptability, and be at peace with the situation. The poet was so excited that he wanted to give the true meaning of life he had realized to those people who pay attention to health preservation, so that they might try this principle to make inferences and explorations. This kind of open-mindedness that suffered repeated setbacks and political frustrations in his official career, but did not care about the gains and losses of fame and fortune, was not only harmful to the whole body in the Jin and Song Dynasties when the political situation was chaotic and dangerous, celebrities were frequently killed, and the struggle for power was fierce. , but also has a noble side. And this kind of health-preserving method that is adaptable to the situation and "take care of things" is undoubtedly more rational and wise than the false attitude of "health-preserving people" who took medicine to make elixirs and pursued immortals for immortality, which was popular in the Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties. Much more. Therefore, we cannot deny it without analysis just because it originates from the thoughts of Lao and Zhuang, or because it has a mystical color. What's more, in terms of artistic structure, these four sentences of discussion are not separated from the previous lyrical description of the scene, but are in the same vein, like an arrow on the string, it is inevitable to strike.
In addition to the common characteristics of early Song poetry pointed out by Liu Xie, this poem also has two obvious individual characteristics: First, the structure is dense, closely following the word "Huan" in the title, and writing A day's journey, from the stone wall to the lake to home, is in order. But the focus of the meticulous painting is on the lake scene in the evening, so the first few sentences only describe the overall feelings. Although the time and space span is very large, it does not feel cumbersome like a running account because of the appropriate details. Where the three levels intersect, clues of time and space are revealed twice. For example, "Out of the Valley" concludes the first half of the question, and "Into the Boat" leads to the second half of the question, "Return to the Lake"; "South Path" points out that leaving the boat and traveling on land, and "East Gate" implies resting at home, and leads to the principles understood in "Yan" . The needlework is fine and fine, and the transfer is natural. Secondly, the whole poem integrates emotion, scenery, and reason. Although the first two layers describe scenery, they can both embody emotion in the scenery, and the scenery contains emotion. Natural scenes such as "Qinghui", "Lin Gu" and "Puyuan" are all written with emotion, seeming to be human and connected with the poet: and the poet's "pleasure" feeling is also overflowing with these scenes. In the image composed of scenery. Just as Wang Euzhi commented: "Xie's poems...the emotions are not empty, and all emotions can be seen; the scenery is not stagnant, but the scenery always contains emotions." ("Ancient Poetry Selection") The concluding discussion is the rational sublimation of the "pleasure" emotion, It seems that it is inevitable and inevitable. The predecessors praised him for his "comfortable mood, scenery, and clear understanding of purpose. He is good at all three and is worthy of a lifetime." (Huang Ziyun's "Ye Hong Shi") The letter is very beautiful. The whole poem is full of bright and unrestrained joyful mood, just like "The sails are sailing in the East China Sea, the wind and sun are flowing beautifully." ("Ao Taosun Poetry Commentary") No wonder even the great poet Li Bai likes to quote this poem: "I will not violate the gift given to me by an old friend." The mountains and rivers are full of clear light. I am surprised and happy, and my clothes are full of joy. The forest valley in front of my clothes gathers the color of silence, and the clouds on my sleeves gather the sunset." ("Reward Yin Ming Zuo Jian's Gift of Five Clouds Qiu Song") This can also be seen from this. One spot.