1. Learn about Li Qingzhao's life and family background, and what are the differences in artistic styles between her early and late works? 2. Understand the word "dream"

Li Qingzhao (1084- 1 155), a native of Zhangqiu, Jinan, Shandong Province, was originally named Yi 'an Jushi. Song, the representative figure of graceful and restrained ci school. In his early years, he lived comfortably and devoted himself to the collection and arrangement of calligraphy and painting stones with her husband Zhao Mingcheng. Nomads from the central plains, south, lonely situation. In his lyrics, he wrote about his leisure life in the early stage, lamented his life experience in the later stage, and felt sentimental, which also revealed his nostalgia for the Central Plains. In form, it makes good use of line drawing, forms its own school and has beautiful language. On the theory of ci, it emphasizes harmony and elegance, puts forward the theory that ci is different from one family, and opposes the method of writing ci into poetry. There are not many who can write poems. Some chapters have a sense of the times, praise history and use generous words, which is different from their style of words. There is Li Qingzhao (1March 08413 ~1June 12), a poetess in the Song Dynasty (at the turn of the North-South Song Dynasty), whose nickname is Yi, who was born in Zhangqiu, Jinan (now Jinan, Shandong). Born on the fifth day of February in Yuanfeng, the seventh year of Shinto religion (1084 March 13), he died on the tenth day of April in Shaoxing, the 25th year of Gaozong (1kloc-0/55 May 12). She was born in a scholarly family. Early life is easy. Her father, Li, has a rich collection of books and has laid a literary foundation in a good family environment since childhood. After their marriage, Zhao Mingcheng and her husband devoted themselves to the collection and arrangement of epigraphy and calligraphy, and engaged in academic research. Like-minded, happy life. Nomads from the Central Plains, living in the south, Zhao Mingcheng died of illness, and Li Qingzhao was alone. Experienced the prosperity and danger in the late Northern Song Dynasty and the turmoil in the early Southern Song Dynasty. Li Qingzhao was a rare talented woman in ancient China. She is good at calligraphy and painting, and is familiar with epigraphy, especially poetry. Her ci works are unique and spread through the ages, and are known as "a unique poet". Her ci can be divided into early stage and late stage. In the early stage, write more about your leisure life, describe your love life and natural scenery, and use beautiful rhymes. Such as "a plum cut, red lotus root fragrance, residual jade autumn color" and so on. Later, I lamented my life experience, recalled my hometown and felt sad. Such as "slow voice, looking for". Her personality is as awe-inspiring as her works. She has both women's Shu Xian and men's fortitude; There are both ordinary people's cynicism and lofty patriotism. She is not only talented and knowledgeable, but also has lofty ideals and heroic ambitions. She has made many achievements in the field of literature, and micro-engraved two poems by Li Qingzhao. Among her contemporaries, her poetry, prose and ci theory are outstanding. However, she worked the hardest, achieved the highest success and had the greatest influence on the creation of ci. Her ci has reached the pinnacle in art and is unique in the field of ci, forming her own unique artistic style-"Yi 'an Style". She does not pursue beautiful algae decoration, but extracts expressive "eight tones of common language", expresses her keen feelings about things around her by line drawing, depicts delicate psychological activities, expresses rich and varied emotional experiences, and shapes vivid artistic images. In her poems, sincere feelings and perfect forms are integrated. She developed the graceful school of "endless words and endless feelings" to the peak, thus winning the position of the "originator" of graceful poets and becoming one of the representative figures of graceful poets. At the same time, the bold style of her poems made her unique in the Song Dynasty, which had a great influence on Xin Qiji, Lu You and later poets. Her outstanding artistic achievements won high praise from later scholars. Later generations thought that her ci "not only looked down on women, but wanted to overwhelm men". She is called "the greatest poetess in the Song Dynasty, the greatest poetess in the history of China literature" and has the reputation of "the first talented woman in history".

Li Qingzhao has works such as Collected Works of Yi 'an Jushi and Yi 'an Ci, but their circulation is not long. The existing collections of poems and essays were compiled by later generations, including Shuyu Ci 1 volume and Shuyu Collection (5 volumes). Representative works include Slow Voice, Pruning Plums, Dreaming Like a Dream, Drunken Flowers, Wuling Chun, Summer quatrains and so on. Yi 'an Ci has been lost. Later generations have a collection of Yu Shu's ci. There is a collation of Li Qingzhao's collected works today. Li Qingzhao was born in a family of literary scholars. Father Li is a native of Jinan, a scholar, a protege of Su Shi, an official and a minister of rites. He has a rich collection of books and is good at literature and ci works. There is a stone tablet carved on the south of the north wall of Dongzhai of Qufu Confucius Temple, which reads: "Give a certain punishment, learn from Li, worship Ning (1 102) on the 28th day of the first month, lead a brown, cross the river, meet, March far away and worship the forest." My mother is the granddaughter of the top scholar, and she is very cultured.

Li Qingzhao's life experience can be divided into two periods: before and after the Song Dynasty moved south. Due to family reasons, especially influenced by his father Li, Li Qingzhao was an excellent poet in his youth.

Li Qingzhao's growth is also inseparable from her natural environment. Li Qingzhao's childhood

The portrait of Li Qingzhao (VI) (12) spent most of the time in the picturesque and outstanding hometown of Licheng. When she was about five or six years old, because her father Li entered Beijing as an official, she also moved to the capital (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province) with her parents. She grew up in Tokyo. At that time, the ruling class in the Northern Song Dynasty enjoyed themselves, and Tokyo was still very prosperous on the surface. Li Qingzhao, as an aristocratic family of the scholar-bureaucrat class, could not go out of the house like a man because of the imprisonment of feudal ethics. Contact the whole society. But after all, she was born in the city, not as withdrawn as the women of rural landlords. She can not only go boating and play in the depths of the lotus, but also follow her family to the streets of Tokyo to watch fancy lanterns and bustling street scenes, which have cultivated her temperament. Enriched her spiritual life. Li Qingzhao's love for nature and her ability to describe nature show that she was educated in her hometown of Shandong. And her "recklessness" in love description shows the influence of urban social atmosphere and literary atmosphere on her.

At the age of eighteen, Li Qingzhao married Zhao Mingcheng. After the marriage, Qingzhao and her husband hit it off as if they were inseparable. "Couples are good at winning friends." After marriage, Li Qingzhao and her former student Zhao Mingcheng studied epigraphy and calligraphy together and lived a happy and beautiful life. Zhao Fu was a famous politician at that time. After marriage, she devoted herself to the further study of literature and art and the collection and research of epigraphy. She and Zhao Mingcheng encouraged each other to create ci, and their techniques became more and more mature. One year on the Double Ninth Festival, Li Qingzhao wrote the famous "Drunken Flowers" and gave it to her husband who was an official outside: "The fog is thick and the clouds are always sad, and the brain sells golden beasts. Double Ninth Festival, lying in bed, in the middle of the night, the cold on my body has just been soaked. Dongli drinks until dusk, and faint chrysanthemum fragrance overflows his sleeves. Mo Tao does not forget me, the curtain rolls west wind, and people are thinner than yellow flowers. " The loneliness of the autumn boudoir and the melancholy of the boudoir are vividly on the paper. According to the record of the Cape Ring Record, Zhao Mingcheng was amazed and unwilling to give in after receiving it, so he closed the door and forgot to eat and sleep, and wrote fifty poems for three days and three nights. He incorporated this poem by Li Qingzhao into it and asked his friend Lu Defu to comment on it. Lu Defu played it over and over again and said, "Only three sentences are excellent." Zhao asked which three sentences it was, and Lu said, "It's not charming. The curtain rolls west, and people are thinner than yellow flowers."

However, the good times did not last long, and the struggle between the old and new parties in North Korea intensified. A pair of mandarin ducks are separated alive, and Zhao Li faces each other across the river, suffering from lovesickness.

later stage

In A.D. 1 127, Northern Nuzhen (Jin) conquered Bianjing, and Qin Zong was captured and fled to the south. Li Qingzhao and his wife also fled to Jiangnan with the refugees. Wandering in a different place, the loss of stone carvings and calligraphy collected for many years has brought her a deep blow and great pain. Later, the Jin people moved south, and the Southern Song Dynasty was corrupt and incompetent, destroying the Great Wall.

In the same year, Zhao Mingcheng was appointed as the health magistrate. In a rebellion in the city, Zhao Mingcheng fled the city, which made Li Qingzhao disheartened. In the second year, on my way to Jiangxi, I wrote the famous "Summer Jueju" when I went to Wujiang, praising Xiang Yu's satire. Zhao Mingcheng was ashamed and depressed, and later died on the way to be the governor of Huzhou. When Li Qingzhao was lonely, Zhang Ruzhou (one of Zhang Ruzhou) took the opportunity to defraud Li Qingzhao of her money and showed her kindness in every way. Li Qingzhao was very helpless at that time and married Zhang Ruzhou against the secular trend. After marriage, both of them found themselves cheated. Zhang Ruzhou found that Li Qingzhao was not as rich as she thought, and Li Qingzhao also found Zhang Ruzhou's insincerity, and even later punched her. Later, Li Qingzhao discovered that Zhang Ruzhou's official position came from accepting bribes and sued Zhang Ruzhou. In the social environment at that time, the wife reported her husband, and even if the husband was found guilty, the wife would be imprisoned. After Li Qingzhao went to prison, her family bribed the jailer. She stayed in prison for nine days and was released. This marriage, which lasted less than 100 days, ended.

Li Qingzhao, who witnessed the destruction of the country, was "bitter, poor and indomitable". In her later years of "searching and being cold and clear", she tried her best to compile "The Story of the Stone" and completed her husband's unfinished business. Nomads from the rampage aroused her strong patriotic feelings, and she actively advocated the Northern Expedition to recover the Central Plains. However, the decadent and incompetent Southern Song Dynasty made Li Qingzhao's hopes go up in smoke. Li Qingzhao also wrote a bold and unrestrained "Summer quatrains" in the early days of Nandu: "Life is a hero, and death is a ghost hero. I still miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong. " He used Xiang Yu's unyielding death to satirize Hui Zong's father and son's loss of power and humiliation, and expressed his indignation at the Song Dynasty.

After leaving her hometown for many years, her broken heart was vilified and rendered worse by the literati because of remarriage. She was helpless, helpless, poor and miserable, drifting and drifting, and finally died alone in Jiangnan. She was better at words. Li Qingzhao's ci poems are called "Yi 'an Ci" and "Shuyu Ci", which are named because of their quantity and number of collections. Yi 'an Collection and Shuyu Collection were recorded by Song people long ago. Up to now, there are about 45 ci-poems, and more than 10 are in doubt. Her "Yu Shu Ci" is both heroic and strange. She not only has profound literary accomplishment, but also has bold creative spirit. Generally speaking, due to the changes of living in the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, her creative content showed different characteristics in the early and late stages.

Early stage: it truly reflects her boudoir life, thoughts and feelings, and the theme focuses on writing about natural scenery and parting lovesickness.

Later stage: mainly expressing nostalgia and nostalgia when injured. Expressed his deep sadness, loneliness and melancholy in his lonely life.

Li Qingzhao's early poems truly reflected her boudoir life, thoughts and feelings, and the theme focused on writing about natural scenery and parting lovesickness. For example, two songs, such as Dream, are lively and beautiful, and the language is innovative. I remember playing the flute on the Phoenix Terrace, a plum blossom, and a drunken flower. By describing my lonely life, I expressed my deep affection for my husband and my love for her, which was graceful and graceful. [Butterfly Hua Lian] "Seeing Sisters Off at Changle Pavilion at Night" is about nostalgia for female companions, and the feelings are extremely sincere. Although most of her poems describe lonely life and express melancholy feelings, she can often see her love for nature and frankly reveal her pursuit of a better love life. This is written by a woman writer, which is much more valuable than Forever in My Heart written by the first-person narrator.

Wang Zhuo said: "Li Qingzhao" can make long and short sentences, which are full of twists and turns, light and sharp, and full of gestures. Lu Xiang's language is dissolute and his writing is casual. Since ancient times, the family of the gentry, those who can have children, have never been so careless "("Monchi of monks ",Volume II). This criticism just shows that the original intention of Li Qingzhao's ci is objectively against feudal norms.

Li Qingzhao's poems after crossing the south are also very different from those in the previous period. The political risks and various tragic experiences in her personal life after the destruction of her country made her spirit very painful, so her early ci became beautiful and bright, but full of sad and low voices, mainly showing her homesickness and nostalgia when she was injured.

During her exile, she often missed her hometown in the Central Plains, such as "Where is my hometown? Forget it, unless I'm drunk, written by Bodhisattva Xia, and Dreaming of Chang 'an in vain and Recognizing Chang 'an Road, written by butterfly lovers, all reveal her deep nostalgia for the lost north. She misses her past life more, such as the famous slow word "Ode to Yule" and recalls the past events of Luo Jing's "Zhongzhou heyday"; [Turning to the man Ting's "Cao Fang Pond" recalls the "acceptance speech" of that year. They all compared the good life in the past with the bleak and haggard today, and pinned their thoughts on the motherland.

In her poems, she fully expressed her deep sadness in her lonely life. For example, Wu Lingchun expressed her indescribable "sadness" by writing the feelings of "things are different, everything depends on it" and "slow voice and whispers" by writing the situation of "searching and searching, sad and sad". Another example is the sadness of "The ends of the earth are far away this year, and the temples are full of flowers" in Qingpingle, and the sadness in "The Lonely Goose" is based on the broken country and miserable life, so her participle is an artistic summary of the suffering and personal unfortunate fate of that era.

In her early years, Li Qingzhao also wrote an essay "On Ci" and put forward the word "other schools", which was an important theory of Ci in the Song Dynasty and also became the theoretical basis of her creation of Ci. She wrote Shu Yu Ci, and Li Qingzhao's ci style is graceful and restrained, which is called "graceful ci school". In Shen Qian's Miscellanies of Ci, Li Qingzhao and Li Houzhu are mentioned together: "Li Houzhu is a man and Li Yian is a woman, which is very true."

Yi 'an Ci is unique in the Song Dynasty, which is called "Yi 'an Style". The name "Yi 'an Style" began in the Song Dynasty. The title of Hou Yin's Eye-catching is: Xiao Yi Antioch. Xin Qiji's "Ugly Slave Close" title: "Boshan Road is easy to be safe." Ci has its own system, which shows that it has formed a distinct personality.