The method that the ancients talked about is to understand the poet's ideological character and life experience, the background of poetry creation (including the atmosphere of the times and social customs) and the purpose of creation, so as to put himself in the position of the poet and understand his ideological connotation and artistic skills, thus improving his ability to understand and appreciate poetry. In recent years, the poetry appreciation questions in the college entrance examination are all works that people don't know much about. Therefore, it is particularly important to know people and discuss poetry. To understand poetry, we can't leave the poet's appreciation to understand history. In fact, I read the history of social development in China, the history of cultural development in China and the humanistic spirit of the Chinese nation.
Second, taste the poetic imagery and experience the poetic mood.
Image is the basic unit of poetry, the synthesis of meaning and image, the expression of the author's subjective intention and objective image, the unity of the author's spirit and external material, and consists of two factors: emotion and scenery. The combination of images forms a whole, which is the artistic conception. Through the symbolic meaning of these images and the pointing meaning of artistic conception, we can deeply understand the content of poetry and appreciate the author's feelings and intentions.
Some images and concrete feelings constitute a fixed collocation, which deserves our attention and grasp. If the moon is bright, it is associated with homesickness and missing people; Pine, chrysanthemum, plum and bamboo are associated with noble character; Folding willows is a fixed farewell to ancient times.
Third, appreciate the eyes of poetry and interpret poetry.
The ancients said, "Sing a word and break a few stems." On the one hand, this poem shows the efforts of the ancients in writing ideas, on the other hand, it also shows that the ancients paid great attention to practicing calligraphy when writing poems. Because of practicing a good word and sentence, the whole sentence is full of vitality, which is the "poetic eye" It can be concise and vivid words, or it can be wonderful sentences that reflect the theme of poetry. "This seems to be the most unusual, but it is easy to achieve, but it is difficult." When we appreciate classical poetry, if we can start with the eyes of poetry, we can understand the thoughts, feelings and artistic techniques of poetry more deeply.
Note: Some adjectives, adverbs and verbs in poetry are often the eyes of poetry. Finding the eyes of poetry is helpful to correctly grasp the artistic conception of poetry.
Fourth, grasp the characteristics and focus on breakthroughs.
Judging from the proposition of the college entrance examination, the appreciation of the ancient college entrance examination was mostly about writing scenery, chanting things and chanting history. Therefore, before mastering poetry, we should also master the knowledge of anti-war and classification of written poetry.
Poetry can be divided into narrative poetry, lyric poetry and philosophical poetry according to its forms of expression. According to the rules, it can be divided into ancient poems and modern poems; According to the number of words in a language, it can be divided into four words, five words, six words, seven words and miscellaneous poems. According to the content, it can be divided into landscape pastoral poems, object-chanting poems, epic poems, frontier poems, nostalgic poems and so on. It can also be divided into metrical poems and quatrains.
The four sentences in the ancient rhyme were summarized by the ancients as starting, inheriting, turning and combining. Look from the level, often can be divided into two layers, one is to write scenery, one is lyrical or argumentative (that is, Zhang Xianzhi's writing).
Five, clever use of terminology, to make answers
With the above four steps as the foundation, we can calmly solve various problems of topic design. From what angle does the proposer ask questions, then he will answer from what angle. The appreciation questions in recent years are nothing more than asking questions from two angles: content and technique. So when answering these questions, it is best to use concise language, that is, terminology, to answer the key points. The marking of college entrance examination papers is given according to the key points. As long as there are keywords and key shops, you can get points. So be sure to master the answering terms skillfully.
2005 college entrance examination paper
Spring outing impromptu Li Hua
At the gate of Yiyang, the grass grows and the warbler flies, and the water flows from east to west.
Fragrant trees have no flowers, and birds are singing all the way to the spring mountain.
(1) What rhetorical devices are used in three or four sentences of this poem? Please specify.
When it comes to poetry creation, the ancients once said, "Poetry is not only sentimental, but also beautiful. Please appreciate this poem from the perspectives of "scenery" and "emotion".
Reference answer:
(1) duality. \ "Grass \" sings right to \ "Spring Mountain \", \ "Flower \" sings right to \ "Bird \" \ "Falling \" sings right to \ "Crying empty \"
This poem describes what the author saw and heard during his spring outing. There are grass, water, trees, mountains, flowers and birds, which can be described as a scene, and each painting has its own characteristics. However, poetry is not purely about scenery, but full of feelings and scenes. The scenery of "falling flowers" and "singing birds" in the poem shows the tranquility in the mountains, which reveals a trace of sadness and desolation.
We usually use the following terms:
(1) Expression: ① Description (front, real writing-imaginary writing, moving scene-static scene, close scene-distant view), such as: "The cicada sound in the forest is quieter, the Yingong Mountain is quieter", and the cicada sound and bird singing-moving scene are used to describe the "quietness" in the forest; Shang Mo sung by Han Yuefu described Qin Luofu as "a bun on his head and a bright moon in his ear". Qi is the lower skirt and Qi is the upper skirt. When Monkey saw Luo Fu, he straightened his shoulders and smoothed his moustache. When the teenager saw Luo Fu, he took off his hat and hung his head. The tiller forgets to plow, and the hoe forgets to hoe. Come to complain, but sit and watch Luo Fu. "The first four sentences are positive descriptions, describing the beauty of Luo Fu's clothes; The last eight sentences are a brief introduction, describing that people around you are attracted by Luo Fu. " Looking at Lushan Waterfall, the first three sentences are written in front of your eyes and are authentic; The fourth sentence, "Doubt is that the Milky Way will set nine days", using the Milky Way as a metaphor for Lushan Waterfall is a false writing. (2) Discussion (3) Lyricism (direct lyricism, lyricism by borrowing scenery, lyricism by raising things)
(2) Rhetoric (metaphor, personification, contrast, metonymy, exaggeration, parallelism, setting off, allusions, rhetorical questions)
For example, "Do you know, do you know? It should be "green, fat, red and thin". Replace (borrow) leaves and flowers with "green" and "red" varieties respectively, and write down the luxuriant leaves and the withering flowers. " Cicada makes the forest quieter, while Tonamiyama is quieter "is a contrast."
(3) Lyric way: ① Express your mind directly. "The mountain covers the day, and the sea drains the golden river. But as long as you go up a flight of stairs, you can broaden your horizons by 300 miles. " The first two sentences describe the scenery, and the last two sentences directly express the feelings generated in such an environment. 2 borrow scenery to express emotion. "Lonely sails sail in the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River flows in the sky." The figure of the old friend is getting farther and farther, and finally disappears completely. The rolling river is like thinking about friends constantly. (3) express your will (symbol). Yongmei (Lu You), a fortune teller, said that "everything is broken into mud and ground into dust, but the fragrance remains unchanged". Plum blossom symbolizes unconventional, outstanding and strong-willed people, which is a portrayal of the poet himself who would rather die than surrender. (4) It is an empty writing to quote Du Mu's poems "Ten Miles of Spring Breeze" and "Ten Miles of Spring Breeze" to express the prosperous scene of Yangzhou in the past. The bleak scene seen by the author of Let Wheat Grow Green today is a true writing, which puts the poet's ups and downs in the past. ⑤ Reasoning with images (integrating reasoning with images) "Qin Shi" (Su Shi) "If there is a piano sound on the string, why not ring it in the box? If the sound is on your fingers, why not listen to it on your fingers? " Starting with the images of "pro" and "supreme", the poet reveals the profound philosophy that "the completion of everything in the world depends on the close cooperation between subject and object" through two hypothetical sentences and two rhetorical questions.
(4) Description skills
1 Let's go. "Dajiangdong to wave scouring, eternal romantic figure. On the west side of the ancient base, humanity is Chibi, Zhou Lang, the Three Kingdoms. " The protagonist of this poem is Zhou Yu, but from the beginning of "a romantic figure through the ages", how many heroes are drawn from Battle of Red Cliffs, and finally concentrated on Zhou Yu alone, which highlights Zhou Yu's position as a positive contrast. "Magpie Bridge Fairy" (Lu You) "The warbler's nest is always silent, but it often crows day and night." Use "silence" to highlight the sad cry of cuckoo-contrast. (2) Virtual and real. "Chilling, pavilion is late, the shower began to rest. All the accounts are in no mood, and the blue boat in homesickness is urging. Holding hands with tears, I am speechless. " The last movie, except Reading-Extensive, is all about the real situation in front of us. The real writing is the feeling that the lyricist and the beloved cannot bear to be separated and have to be separated; The next idea about future life is an empty article, deliberately depicting the poet's feeling of loneliness. 3 suppress. "Forever in My Heart" (Wang Changling) "Young women in boudoir don't know how to worry, put on makeup in spring, and go up to Cuilou. Suddenly I saw the willow color on the stranger's head and regretted teaching my husband to find the marquis. " Write the young woman's "I don't know how to worry" first, and then write "Destroy"-first promote and then suppress. Through the depiction of young women's emotional changes, this paper profoundly expresses their sentimental feelings caused by touching the scene and highlights the theme of "in my heart forever". 4 rendering. This is a painting method of Chinese painting: where the picture needs to be emphasized, it is painted with ink or light color to show the yin and yang of the object and enhance the artistic effect. This technique of enhancing images is rendering. Poetry refers to highlighting the image by actively describing the environment, scenery and so on. For example, Bai Juyi gave a suggestion to my friend Liu: "Green ants brew new wine, and red stir in the quiet stove. It feels like snow outside at dusk. How about a glass of wine inside? ? "In the first three sentences of the poem, the poet exaggeratedly said: the rice brewed by himself is yellow-green, with some suspended substances floating on the surface, as fine as ants; The wine is warm on the small red mud stove, and the color is new red; It's getting dark now. It looks like it's going to snow. After this rendering, the last sentence asked, "How about a glass of wine inside? ? "This is natural and has been emphasized. ⑤ Dynamic and static combination
When doing short-answer questions, we should combine point and face, content and form, and we must deduce the content of the original poem, avoid generalizing from the original poem, and strive to achieve concise language, standardized terminology, and complementary theory and specific content. Only in this way can we improve the scoring rate of poetry appreciation questions more effectively.