Li shangyin
A person lives in seclusion, overlooking the city, spring is gone, summer is clear.
The grass was drowned by the rain and finally got the love of God. The rain was sunny.
Climbing on the high shelf, overlooking the distance, the sky is high and the afterglow of the sunset passes through the window lattice.
After crossing the nest, the flying body is lighter.
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It may not be too difficult to paint the landscape of yat sen villa more delicately. However, if we want to integrate the poet's unique feelings and moods into the description of scenery, especially if we want to imply a positive attitude towards life without trace, so that readers can be inspired ideologically, this requires the poet to "go up a storey still higher" in his ideological realm and artistic skills.
The first couplet said that he lived in seclusion, overlooking Jiacheng (Qucheng outside the city gate), and the season was early summer in Qinghe. At first glance, it seems irrelevant, and the upper and lower sentences are irrelevant. In fact, the "deep house" overlooking the city is the foothold to watch the sunset, and the quiet early summer further points out the specific season of the sunset, which can be said to be the only embodiment of this poem from both time and place-the sunset seen by Gao Lan in the early summer.
Lingnan is quiet and rainy in early summer (at this time, the poet works in Zheng Yamu, Guilin). After a long rain, it cleared up, and in the evening, everything suddenly became clear and people's spirit was completely new. This kind of sight and feeling is what ordinary people are used to and what they have. The poet's uniqueness lies in that he does not write the scene of yat sen villa in general or describe it in detail, but only takes the grass that grows in the dark and is not noticed by people, hides it in the dark with a pen in the imaginary place, and then writes his understanding and feelings about yat sen villa. After a long drought, the quiet grass meets the rain suddenly, so that it can absorb the afterglow and increase business. Excited by the scenery, the poet suddenly had the whimsy of "God pities the grass". This makes "grass" as a natural thing virtually personified, giving people rich associations. The poet himself had a similar fate, so he naturally found himself in the grass. Here is the poet's life experience. While he was gratified by his current fortune, he unexpectedly showed sadness about the past bad luck, or was comforted by the past bad luck. This naturally leads to "there is a sunny day in the world" and gives it a special meaning in life. Yat sen villa is beautiful, but it is short-lived. People often appreciate lingering and feel sorry and disappointed at its hasty passing. But the poet doesn't care about its simplicity, but only emphasizes "emphasizing the evening." From here, we can experience a feeling of cherishing beautiful and ephemeral things and a positive and optimistic attitude towards life.
The parallel couplets are vague, comprehensive and deeply entrusted, and the necklaces turn to yat sen villa paintings. In this way, reality and density alternate, and poetry appears relaxed and purposeful, rather than dull and monotonous. It's sunny after the rain, and the clouds are clear, and there is a high blue overlooking it, so the line of sight is farther, so it is said that "a shelf has been added" (this shelf is the pavilion where the poet lives). This sentence is written from the side, the scenery is written from the inside out, and the next sentence is written from the front and the angle is from the outside to the inside. The afterglow of the sunset streamed down the small window, bringing a ray of light. Because it is twilight, the light is weak and soft, so it is called "micro-note". Nevertheless, this oblique pulse still brings joy and comfort. Through the detailed description of the evening scene, this couplet writes a clear and happy mood, which makes the word "heavy" concrete.
Birds don't write homing, their posture is light and smart, or what you can see when you climb to the top. Dry Nest, Light Body, Sunny, Guifei and Evening. The return of birds usually touches the traveler's mind, but it has become a foil to the happy sunshine mood here. There is a saying in the ancient poem "Crossing the south branch of the Bird's Nest". What is written here is that birds return to their nests, which has its own meaning. If "Youcao" is a symbol of the poet's life experience of "depravity and hardship", then "Moonbird" seems to be the embodiment of the poet's good mood and refreshing.
Here, I want to explain something about the author before and after he entered Guimu. Since Li Shangyin married Wang Maoyuan in 838 (regarded as Li's party), he has been in the narrow valley of party struggle and was hated and excluded by the Niu Party. Xuanzong followed suit, and the Niudang dominated the state affairs, which made the situation worse for him. He had to leave Chang 'an and follow Zheng Ya to Guilin as an adjutant. Zheng Ya trusts him more. He can feel some warmth in the curtains. At the same time, leaving Chang 'an, the vortex of party struggle, can temporarily avoid being constantly looked down upon by the Cattle Party, which is also a kind of spiritual liberation. Because of this, there is a feeling in the poem that the grass meets the sunset and the birds return to the nest.
As a meaningful poem, the writing of "Yat Sen Qing" is closer to the "Xing" of "intentionally or unintentionally". Perhaps the poet had no clear intention to express his ambition, but when he climbed to the top of the mountain, he touched something and triggered an association. His feelings were integrated with the environment, thus integrating the feeling of understanding for a moment into the description of the late sunny scenery, so it was particularly natural and seamless.
Koike yang Wanli
The eyes of spring ① silent pity ② trickle,
The shade of trees shines on the water, loving sunshine and tenderness.
Xiao He (4) only exposes the sharp corner (5),
A long time ago, a dragonfly stood on its head.
Poetry is a fresh sketch. Everything is so beautiful, so soft and so affectionate. Every sentence is poetic, showing beautiful early summer scenery, natural and simple, touching. This poem describes a spring, a trickle, a pool of trees, a few small lotus leaves and a small dragonfly, which constitutes a vivid landscape of a small pool and shows the intimate and harmonious relationship between all things in nature. At the beginning, the words "spring is silent and precious for a trickle, and the shade shines on the water and loves softness" bring readers into a small, delicate, soft and pleasant realm, and a trickle slowly flows out of the spring silently; In the sunset, Chi Pan's green trees throw the shade into the water, and the light and shadow are mottled and clearly visible. A word "pity" turns ruthlessness into sentience, as if spring is letting it flow silently and slowly because of the pity of love; A word "love" gives life to the green tree. It seems to like the soft sunshine and shows its charm with water as a mirror. In three or four sentences, the poet, like a clever photographer, took an interesting shot with a quick mirror: "Xiao He just showed his sharp corner, and a dragonfly stood on it a long time ago." The time sequence has not yet reached midsummer, and the lotus leaf has just exposed a sharp corner from the water, and a small dragonfly is standing on it. A "talent show" and an "early stand" are taken care of, vividly depicting the scene of dragonflies and lotus leaves leaning against each other. Yang Wanli advocates learning from nature when writing poems. He has a keen interest in natural scenery. He often uses fresh and lively style and plain language to describe the ordinary scenery he sees every day. He is especially good at capturing the characteristics and fleeting changes of scenery and forming interesting pictures, so his poems are full of rich life breath. The silence of spring eyes is to cherish the long flowing water, and the shade of trees reflects the water because it likes the gentleness of sunny days. Just as the little tender lotus leaves its tightly wrapped tip, the lovely dragonfly comes to stand on it early.
Lakeside temple at dawn
Song Yang Wanli
After all, in mid-June,
The scenery is different from four o'clock.
Lotus leaves are infinitely green,
Lotus is bright red.
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The beauty of the West Lake has always been described by literati, and this song by Yang Wanli has been passed down through the ages with its unique technique, which is worth savoring. "After all, the scenery of the West Lake is different from that at four o'clock in June." The first sentence seems abrupt, but it is actually an atmosphere. Although the reader has not yet appreciated the beauty of the West Lake from the poem, he can already feel it from the amazing tone of the poet. This sentence seems to be blurted out, which is the most intuitive feeling after shock and ecstasy, thus strengthening the beauty of the West Lake. Sure enough, "the lotus leaves in the sky are infinitely blue, and the lotus flowers in the sun are of different colors." The poet used "blue" and "red" to highlight the strong visual impact of lotus leaves and lotus flowers. The lotus leaf is boundless as if connected with the sky, and the weather is magnificent, which not only depicts the infinity of the lotus leaf, but also renders the grandeur of heaven and earth, and has an extremely rich sense of spatial modeling. "Reflecting the sun" and "Lotus" set each other off to make the whole picture beautiful and vivid. The whole poem is easy to understand, and the outstanding thing is to write feelings first, and then write the real situation, thus creating an effect of being empty first and then real. After reading it, you can really feel the beauty of the West Lake in June, "the four seasons are different".
Xijiang Moon Night Tour Huangsha Road Middle Section
Xin Qiji
The moon on the horizon rose to the top of the tree, scaring away the magpies perched on the branches. The cool evening breeze seems to have spread to cicadas in the distance.
In the fragrance of rice and flowers, people talk about the harvest of a year, and frogs croak in their ears, as if in a bumper harvest year. In the old days, Maodian was near the forest, and the road turned to the stream bridge.
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This word was written by Xin Qiji when he was demoted to official residence in Jiangxi. Deliberately describe the night scene of Huangshaling. The moon is bright and the wind is cool, the stars are sparse and the rain is sparse, the magpies are startled and cicadas are chirping, the rice flowers are fragrant and the frogs are chirping. Ci describes the mountain village scenery in summer night from three aspects: vision, hearing and smell. Scenes blend, picturesque. Quiet and natural, vivid and realistic. It is a masterpiece of rural life in Song Ci.
Guogurenzhuang
meng haoran
This old friend prepared a delicious meal and invited me to his hospitable farm.
Green Woods surround the village and green hills are located outside the city.
Open the window facing the valley vegetable garden and pass the glass to talk about crops.
Please come here to see chrysanthemums when the ninth festival comes.
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This old friend prepared a delicious meal and invited me to his hospitable farm. "The beginning seems to be a note in the diary. The old friend "invited" and I "arrived". There is no rendering in the text, it is simple and casual. This is just a possible form between friends who don't need to be polite. The invitation of "chicken and millet" not only shows the unique flavor of Tianjia, but also shows the simplicity of hospitality. It is this kind of hospitality without ceremony and ostentation and extravagance that makes the hearts of friends more open to each other. This beginning is calm and natural, but it is an excellent introduction to the content of life to be developed, showing the characteristics of the atmosphere, which needs to be further enriched and developed below.
We looked at the green trees around your village and the pale blue of the distant mountains. (Zhizhuang) "We watched the green trees around your village", close-up. "Harmony" means that the village is surrounded by green trees, forming a quiet world. "and the pale blue in remote mountainous areas", vision. "Oblique" means overlooking the green hills outside the city, forming a vast realm. The distant view sets off the close-up view and depicts the vast and quiet environment of Laoyou Village. Poets are naturally very happy and relaxed when they come to such an environment.
For these two sentences, people pay more attention to "talking about Sang Ma" and think that they are forgetful in farming, which is true. But with a large grain field and vegetable garden in front of the porch window, surrounded by green shade, it gives people a spacious and stretched feeling. Sang Ma makes you feel more rural. Therefore, we can not only appreciate the stronger local flavor, the flavor of labor production, but also smell the soil flavor on the nursery, see the growth and harvest of crops, and even feel the characteristics of regions and seasons. With the combination of these two sentences and the first two sentences, green trees, green hills, cottages, playgrounds and Sang Ma blend together harmoniously, forming a beautiful and quiet pastoral landscape, while the laughter of the host and guest and the words about Sang Ma seem to linger in our ears.
Wait until the mountain is on holiday, and I'll come back at chrysanthemum time. (Farewell) Meng Haoran was deeply attracted by farm life, so when he left, he told his master frankly that he would come back to see chrysanthemums on the Double Ninth Festival in autumn. A few simple poems, the enthusiasm of old friends to treat each other, the pleasure of being a guest, and the cordial harmony between the host and the guest are all on the paper. An ordinary farm, an ordinary dinner of chicken and millet is so poetic. It describes the prospect of the eyes, and the level of description is completely natural in spoken language. The pen and the pen are very relaxed, and even the form of rhythmic poetry is free and flexible. The enthusiasm of friends for treating each other, the poet's pleasure of being a guest, and the profound friendship between them are all deeply contained in the word "Hui".
Drunk book in Wang Hu Building on June 27th.
Su Shi
Clouds poured out and poured down like ink, but a mountain range was exposed on the horizon, bright and fresh, and the splashing water was like white pearl gravel, splashing on the boat.
Suddenly, the wind rolled up and dispersed the clouds in the sky. The lake was blue as a mirror, beautiful and gentle.
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The "uncovered mountain", "jumping beads" and "jumping boat" in "Dark Clouds Turn to Ink" indicate that it is raining heavily. Before the dark clouds completely covered the sky, shiny raindrops jumped onto the boat like pearls. It just rained for a while, and suddenly a strong wind swept away the rain and dark clouds. After the storm, the lake downstairs looked sparkling. This poem describes a torrential rain that came and went in a hurry on the West Lake in summer. The first sentence said that dark clouds were rolling, the second said that it was raining cats and dogs, and the last two said that after the rain, it cleared up. How fast nature changes, and how magical poets use pens.
Appreciation of the famous sentence-"White rain jumps over the boat."
In this poem, the author describes the scenery of the West Lake when he was drinking in Wang Hu Building. The author first wrote it before the rainstorm. The scene is that dark clouds are rolling in the sky, just like thick ink rolling on the horizon, and distant mountains are faintly discernible in the rolling dark clouds. At this time, a rainstorm came like a note. The heavy rain hit the ship with white raindrops, splashing like thousands of pearls falling from the sky. Just as people were feeling the spectacular scene of heavy rain, a gust of wind rolled on the ground and blew away the dark clouds and heavy rain at once. When the clouds dispersed and the sun rose, the water below Wanghu Lake was as calm as a mirror and the air was fresh. Seen from a distance, water and the sky are the same. The poet is good at exaggerating the atmosphere, from the magnificence of the clouds pressing against the lake and the sudden rain, to the disappearance of the clouds, the ups and downs of the pen after the rain, and the leisurely description of the rapidly changing weather, which makes people dizzying and quite dramatic. In particular, the phrase "jumping off a boat in white rain" is the most vivid. The author himself appreciates this poem very much. At the age of 50, he went to Hangzhou again and wrote a poem saying, "I will be drunk in the rain of the West Lake, and I won't see the ball jump for fifteen years." This shows his love for this poem.
Wang Hu Mansion-West Lake outside Tangmen, Hangzhou.
The West Lake in summer, sometimes cloudy, sometimes sunny, sometimes windy and rainy, is extremely charming. This little poem describes the scene of the West Lake. At first glance, it is sunny and unpredictable.
The first two sentences are about clouds and rain: thick as ink, the clouds surge and roll, and before the mountain near the lake can be covered, glistening rain falls on the lake, and the rain feet beat on the lake, splashing countless sparkling pearls and jumping into the cabin in disorder. The metaphor of "dark clouds turn to ink" and "white rain jumps over pearls" not only describes the tense atmosphere when the weather suddenly changes, but also sets off the poet's joy of enjoying the rain on the boat.
The third sentence is about the wind: suddenly, the strong wind swept across the earth, blowing off the rain on the lake and dispersing the clouds. The word "suddenly" is used lightly, but it highlights the rapid change of the sky and shows the great power of the wind. The last sentence is about the sky and water: after the rain, it is clear and calm. The poet boarded the building, looked at the railing and saw that there was no water on the lake, and the water reflected the sky. The color of water is as clear as the sky, and the color is blue. What about the wind? Where is the cloud? I don't know where they all went. It seems that nothing happened just now.
First on the boat, then on the roof, the poet quickly captured the ever-changing natural scenery on the lake: clouds turning, rain pouring, wind rolling, sunny and fine, writing far and near, moving and quiet, vivid and affectionate. Reading, you will have an immersive feeling-as if you had experienced a sudden rain in the lake and came to Wang Hu Tower to enjoy the beautiful scenery of water and sky.
Dufu-Jiang village
Year: Tang Dynasty
Author: Du Fu-"Jiangcun"
content
The clear river winds around the village, and everything in the village looks elegant in the long summer.
Since I left, I have come to Liang, and I am very close to seagulls in the water.
The old lady is using a chessboard, and the younger son is making a hook with an injection.
As long as some old friends give me some money, what do I ask?
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This poem was written in the first year of Shangyuan in Tang Suzong (760). A few months ago, after four years in exile, the poet came from Tongzhou to Mianzhou, a prosperous hometown in the southwest of China, located in the suburb of Chengdu, undisturbed by the war and temporarily kept quiet. With the support of relatives and friends, the thatched cottage he worked so hard to run has begun to take shape; The poet experienced the hardships of leaving his hometown, made preparations for being displaced from place to place, and finally got a temporary shelter. It's early summer. On the banks of Huanhua River, the river twists and turns, while Tsinghua in Shui Mu is a quiet and elegant pastoral scenery. As you can imagine, the poet picked up the title of the poem "Jiangcun" and began to chant his feelings.
Everything is quiet in the second sentence of the first couplet of this poem, which reminds me of a will. The middle four sentences are closely related to "All is silent" and go all the way down. Liang Zhongyan, come and go freely; Bai Ou on the river is neck and neck. From the poet's eyes, both swallows and seagulls have an interest in forgetting their planes, which is suitable for music groups. Things are so quiet, and the interest in personnel especially makes the poet happy: his wife's infatuation and naive drawing paper for chess are amiable at first sight; It's so cute that children knock on needles to make hooks. Chess is most suitable for summer, Qingjiang is just fishing, and the village is happy and everything goes well. How can a poet not feel happy and satisfied when he meets again after a long separation? Conclusion "But an old friend provides rice, what else can I ask for?" Although it is a happy word on the surface, there is a lot of bitterness in the bones. Saying "but there is" does not guarantee that there will be; Saying "what do you want more" means that you have already made a request. Du Fu really didn't forget that his leisurely life in front of him was based on "old friends with rice". This is a very sensitive sensitive point. Once there is a problem with the distribution of rice, nothing can be said. Therefore, we can say that the last two sentences are bitter feelings rather than lucky words. A generation of poets, living in poverty and relying on others, while temporarily settling down, revealed such sad words, which is really a strong accusation against the feudal ruling class for destroying talents.
The four sentences of Zhonglian have written enough about the tranquility of Jiangcun from the aspects of material state and human feelings. Then at the end of the sentence, the theme of "everything is quiet" is closed with the phrase "what else can we ask for", which is the simplest and most secure.
The poem Jiangcun is unique in artistic treatment:
First, compound words do not repeat. The first two sentences of this poem have both the word "Jiang" and the word "Village". According to the general rules of metrical poetry, compound words are forbidden to be associated with the chin and neck, and the loose sentences of the first and second couplets are not so strict, but they should be avoided as far as possible. Now using a pair of compound words has a light and elegant feeling, and I don't think it is a crime. This situation is very similar to that in legal sentences. Difficult sentences must be saved by difficult sentences, and compound words must be supplemented by compound words. Besides, there are two other overlapping words "everything" in the second sentence, so that the first two poems have no sense of support at all.
Second, the whole poem is coherent and compact. Lianggui Village, Gulls in the Water Belong to the River: The chess is a long summer top, and the fish hook hides the Qingjiang River. Zhuan Xu's "Going to the beam and coming to the beam is close to the gull in the water", with two characters of "self" and "phase", each sentence is self-timed: "going", "coming" and "near" are also correct in the previous sentence. Self-righting and mutual righting, reading is light and erratic. The "painting" and "knocking" on the necklace are all ready-made Moreover, both sentences are plain tone, which can best express the artistic conception that husband and wife grow old together, respect each other as guests, and their children are ignorant.
Third, the end of the sentence suddenly turns to sadness, which is a great feature of Du Fu's poems. Du Fu has two poems that describe the joys and sorrows of his poems, saying that "extreme sadness is based on poetry, and poetry turns desolate" ("After the End"). This poem was originally written in a leisurely mood, but when he wrote it, he couldn't help but reveal his loneliness and unhappiness at the end, which made people feel disappointed. Almost all Du Fu's impromptu poems are like this. The predecessors called Du Fu's poems "gloomy", which is probably the turning point.
Summer in the mountain pavilion
Gaopian
Original text:
Green trees, deep shadows, long summer, the reflection of the tower in the pond.
The crystal curtains are blowing gently, and the roses are fragrant.
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This is a seven-character quatrain describing the summer scenery.
The first sentence seems dull, but carefully pondering the word "shade" not only makes the tree lush, but also implies that the sun is like fire around noon in summer, so the "shade" can be "thick". This "thick" is not only the chance of shade, but also the meaning of "deep" in depth, that is, the shade is dense and deep. A Dream of Red Mansions describes the scene of the Grand View Garden at noon in midsummer, which means "the scorching sun is in the sky and trees are everywhere". Around noon in summer can give people the feeling of "long summer". Yang Wanli said in "Taking a nap in early summer" that "sleeping for a long time is ruthless", which was written by me. Therefore, "the length of summer" is implicitly associated with "the shade of trees", which is by no means an ordinary pen.
In the second sentence, "the balcony reflects into the pond", the poet sees the balcony reflection in the pond. The word "Ru" is well used: at noon in summer, the sunny sky is silent, the water in the pool is crystal clear, and the reflection of the balcony is very clear in the pond. This word "Jin" just writes the real scene of the balcony reflection at this time.
The third sentence, "The crystal curtain moves and the breeze rises", is the most exquisite sentence in the poem. This sentence can be divided into two meanings. First, the pool water under the scorching sun is crystal clear; The breeze is blowing gently and the sea is blue. The poet described this scene as "crystal curtain moving", which is wonderful and lifelike-the whole water surface is like a curtain made of crystal, blown by the wind, and under the rippling water waves, it is the reflection of the swaying balcony. How beautiful! Secondly, poets who look at the scenery first see the fluctuation of the pool water and then feel the wind. Summer breeze will not be felt at once, only when you see water waves, so it is said that "the crystal curtain moves and the breeze rises." If you write "the breeze rises" first and then "the crystal curtain moves", it will be as tasteless as chewing wax.
Just as the poet was intoxicated with the beautiful summer scenery, suddenly there came a burst of flowers, which was refreshing and refreshed the poet's spirit. The last sentence of the poem, "the fragrance of roses all over the yard", adds bright colors to the quiet scenery and is full of intoxicating fragrance, which makes the whole poem full of unique vitality in summer. "One Courtyard Fragrance" coincides with the above sentence "The breeze rises".
Poetry about summer scenery is purely similar to painting: the trees are dark, the balcony is reflected, and the pond is full of roses, which constitutes a picture with bright colors and harmonious artistic conception. All this was described by the poet standing on the mountain pavilion. Although there are no mountain pavilions and poets in the poem, when we appreciate this poem, we seem to see mountain pavilions and leisurely poets.