Xie Lingyun (385 ~ 433) was a famous poet in Southern Song Dynasty. Chen Jun was born in Yang Xia (now Taikang, Henan) and lives in Huiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). He was born in a big family named Xie, and was nicknamed Xie because he was fostered outside since childhood. Xie Xuan's grandson attacked the Duke of Le Kang. In the Song Dynasty, he was demoted to Hou and appointed as a servant. When he was a young emperor, he became the magistrate of Yongjia because of "immortal dignitaries". Disappointed, he resigned from his official position, lived in seclusion and traveled around. Emperor Wen acceded to the throne and served as secretary supervisor. Later, it was Linchuan literature and history, and was killed for rebellion. Learn less and read more. The achievement of poetry lies in creating the school of landscape poetry, opening up the field of poetry expression, and reversing the style of metaphysical poetry, which has a great influence on later poetry. His representative works include Climbing the Pool to the Upstairs, You Nan Ting, Climbing the River Island, and The Year of the Dead. Xie Ji was compiled in the Ming Dynasty, which is more detailed than the nearby Xie Shi Zhu.
The poem "Climb the Pool and Go Upstairs". Xie Lingyun's famous sentence. Xie Lingyun was released as the magistrate of Yongjia. After arriving in Yongjia, he fell ill and stayed in bed until the following spring. When the sunshine in early spring drove away the cold, he went upstairs to see it. He couldn't help feeling, so he wrote "Go upstairs in the pool". This poem begins with a kind of dragon lurking and geese flying high, which boils down to loneliness. The famous sentence "Spring grass grows in the pond and willow becomes a songbird" is often quoted by later generations. The poem expresses the frustration of officialdom, writes about the beautiful spring scenery seen when climbing stairs, and expresses the poet's mood of feeling touched by the scene, drifting away from home and deciding to live in seclusion. It profoundly reflects the complicated inner world of a frustrated aristocrat. The scenery in the poem is pure white line drawing, fresh and natural.
Liu Yiqing (403 ~ 444) was born in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). Famous writers in Southern Dynasties and Song Dynasty. Song Wudi imperial clan, attack Linchuan king. He also served as the secretariat, the secretariat of Jingzhou, the official secretariat of Nanchong state, the governor, and the restoration instrument. Love literature and recruit scribes. Write a collection of notes and novels, Shi Shuo Xin Yu. Notes on crossing the river. Liu Yiqing wrote one of Shi Shuo Xin Yu. The article describes a feast scene, which reflects the thoughts and feelings of some southern gentry officials in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. After the establishment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the clans in the Central Plains moved southward one after another. In their spare time, they held a banquet in Xinting (now south of Nanjing), lamenting that a large area of land in the north was occupied by national aristocrats, and they shed tears relatively, hoping to "show the royal family and recover China" one day. The text is concise and vivid. Although the space is small, it has far-reaching significance. "Crying for a new pavilion" has become a common allusion in later poems.
Bao Zhao (about 4 14 ~ 466) was born in the East China Sea (now Lianshui, Jiangsu). Outstanding poets in Southern Dynasties and Song Dynasty. Born in poverty. He was appreciated for his poem "Liu Yiqing, King of Linchuan", and once served as the commander of Moling and the Sheren of Zhongshu. Later, Liu Zikai, the former king of Linhai, joined the army, so he was called "Bao Jun". The rebellion failed and Bao Zhao was killed by the mutinous soldiers. Bao Zhao is famous for his poems, and he, together with Xie Lingyun and Yan Yanzhi, is also called "three outstanding men in Yuanjia". In terms of artistic form, Bao Zhao's poems are superior to Yuefu, especially the seven-character poems, with unrestrained feelings, passionate syllables, romantic colors and elegant poetic style, which have great influence on poets such as Li Bai and Cen Can in the Tang Dynasty and occupy an important position in the development of seven-character poems.
The poem "the code is difficult to do". A group of representative works by Bao Zhao, *** 18. Imitation is imitation and imitation. Bao Zhao 18 "It's Hard to Walk" is not written at one time, but mainly about his indignation at various unreasonable phenomena in aristocratic society. His ideological content is profound, his emotions are sorrowful, his words are generous, his syntactic length is patchy, his rhymes change sentence by sentence, he can freely change rhymes, and his poems are strange and magnificent. It is an excellent group of Yuefu poems.
Jiang Yan (444 ~ 505) can read. Jiyang (now Lankao East, Henan Province) was born in Kaocheng. Southern Liang writers. Shi Lisong Qi Liang. Appointed Dr. Lu Ziguang. Young, lonely, poor, studious, famous for his prose. Only in his later years can he think of decline, which is called "Jiang Lang is at the end of his wit". His poems are good at imitation, emphasizing carving and lacking artistic originality. His works include Thirty Miscellaneous Poems, Bie Fu and Gu Sui Pian. Later generations compiled "Jiang Wen Tong Ji", and the notes were carefully prepared by Hu Zhiji in Ming Dynasty.
Words and Fu in Hate Fu. One of Jiang Yan's masterpieces. Its theme and theme are novel and unique. Writing about the deaths of famous emperors, generals, heroic martyrs and beauties in history is very close to the tradition of chanting epic poems since the Han and Wei Dynasties, and is similar to his imitation of miscellaneous poems in conception. Exquisite style and profound sustenance.
Ci and fu in other houses. One of Jiang Yan's masterpieces. Write about the parting of people with different identities, such as a brave man who joined the army and frontier fortress, a swordsman who thanked the Lord, a Taoist who sought immortality by eating food, and a stranger to Mulberry. The concept of taking village is similar to the first-person narrator in Yuefu. The artistic skill is quite high. This kind of parallel prose is rich and elegant, which combines the words and syntax of Yuefu ancient poems in The Book of Songs and Songs of the South. It can be muddy without trace, rich in meaning, sonorous in rhyme and complex in syntax. This paper is also good at inserting poetic sketches into the article, so that the full text reflects the face.
Kong (447 ~ 50 1) was born in Huiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). Southern Dynasties Qi writers. Official to prince Zhan, plus a regular servant. Learned and good at writing, I don't like the world, I like mountains and rivers. His excellent parallel prose "Beishan Wen Yi" is rich in prose, sharp and pungent, and is widely read by later generations, but his poetic achievements are not high. In the Ming Dynasty, The Collection of Events of the Confucius War was compiled.
Parallel Prose of Wen Yi in Beishan. Kong Zhu. The article blames Zhou Zi on the pretext of Beishan God. It satirized those people in society who retired first and then became officials. They are greedy for position, and their words and deeds are different. Hypocrisy in seclusion and ugliness in summoning deeply exposed the hypocrisy of false hermits. The article is cleverly conceived and successfully uses metaphor and personification. The language is refined, colorful, vivid, satirical, pungent and lyrical.
Tao Hongjing (456-536) was a writer, medical scientist and Taoist scholar in the Southern Dynasties. Word bright, secluded in Danyang Moling (now Nanjing) Huayang. At the end of the Song Dynasty, he participated in studying for Jun, and invited him to work for the imperial court when he entered Qi. When Liang lived in seclusion in Qushan, Li could not be hired. Every time there is a big event in North Korea, Emperor Wudi goes to consult and is called "the Prime Minister in the Mountain". He died at the age of 8 1 and was named "Mr. Bai Zhen". He loves mountains and rivers, is good at parallel prose, and has written five poems, among which Answers to Zhao Xiang's He Zhufu and A Cold Night's Complain are more famous. In addition, there are works such as Zhen Patent, Compendium of Materia Medica and He Danfa. The Ming Dynasty compiled the Collection of Tao's Seclusion.
Thank you for your letter. Tao Hongjing's masterpiece of biography and landscape writing. This is a thank-you note. The letter depicts the beautiful scenery of the mountains and rivers around Juqu Mountain where he lives in seclusion. There are many scattered sentences in this parallel prose. Simple and fresh style, no floating breath, poetic. It can be compared with the beauty of Xie's two landscape poems. According to (Xu)
Xie Shu (464 ~ 499) was born in Chenjun, Yang Xia (now Taikang, Henan). Famous poet in Southern Dynasties. Because of the same ancestry as Xie Lingyun, it is called "Xiao Xie". One of the "Eight Friends of Jingling". He used to be the satrap of Xuancheng, so he is known as "Xie Xuancheng". He was later framed and died in prison. He once created "Shui Ming Style" with Shen Yue, and is one of the important writers of Yongming's new style poems. He is less studious, has a good reputation, has beautiful articles and is good at five-character poems. His poems are even and harmonious, and the antithesis is neat, which is the first of its kind in Tang Dynasty. It is often praised by Li Bai and Du Fu. There are more than 200 existing poems, which are greatly influenced by Xie Lingyun and Tao Yuanming. He writes more about landscapes and is a famous landscape poet. Xie Xuan Cheng Ji was compiled in Ming Dynasty, and Hao Liquan's Notes on Xie Xuan Cheng Shi was relatively complete.
The poem "Go to Sanshan and return to Wangjing Town at night". Xie Yuezhao is a famous landscape poem. The poem expresses the poet's homesickness when he climbs high and overlooks, and depicts the beautiful scenery of beautiful spring, flowers, birds and flowers, and quiet rivers, washing away the beautiful wind of the Six Dynasties. Although Xie Shu's landscape poems and Xie Lingyun's landscape poems are similar in style, they are both more beautiful than Xie Lingyun's. Among them, the phrase "Yu Xia has exhausted his achievements, and Cheng Jiangjing is like a spiritual practitioner" is a well-known sentence that people have been reciting.
Qiu Chi (464 ~ 508) was born in Wucheng, Xing Wu (now Xing Wu, Zhejiang). Southern Liang writers. Few people are famous. In Nanqi, he joined the army as a doctor and general of imperial academy. Liang is the assistant minister of Zhongshu, the satrap of Yongjia, and the corps commander. His excellent parallel prose "The Book with Chen Bozhi" is widely circulated. His poems are gorgeous and neat, with more than 10. Qiu, a Ming Dynasty man, compiled a collection.
Chen Bozhi's letters. By Qiu Chi. A widely read parallel letter. Chen Bozhi, who was the secretariat of Jiangzhou during the Qi and Liang Dynasties, surrendered to the Northern Wei Dynasty in 502 AD after failing to confront the Liang Dynasty. The official holds a festival and rides a regular waiter, serving as commander-in-chief of Huainan Military Region and general Pingnan. In 505 AD, Wang Xiaohong of Linchuan, China's army, led the northern expedition, and Chen Bozhi led the troops to resist. Xiao Hong ordered Qiu Chi to write to Chen Bozhi to persuade him to surrender. Bo Shu is an 8,000 surrendered mercenary in Shouyang. This letter is not only rational, but also emotional. It is an excellent parallel prose in the Six Dynasties, which is both reasonable and eloquent. Among them, "in late spring and March, the grass grows in the south of the Yangtze River, the peanut trees are miscellaneous, and the warblers fly around" is a famous sentence that has always been recited by people.
Wu Yun (469 ~ 520) was born in Xing Wu (now Anji, Zhejiang). Liang writers and historians in the Southern Dynasties. Born in poverty, studious and talented. Once I was invited to the palace. Be proficient in history. His literary works are devoted to landscape writing, and he meets his family with short essays. Such as A Letter with Zhu. At that time, people imitated its style and called it "Wu Junti". Most of his poems are farewell and return works. Beautiful style, harmonious phonology, clear and smooth language, and folk songs; The allusion is just right, and there is no sense of piling up. There are more than 140 poems today. Among them, Gift for Wang Guiyang, Shi Shangge, Difficult to Walk and Song of the Sword are all famous. The Ming Dynasty compiled Wu Han's Please Collection. There is also a collection of wonderful books, which will be continued and merged.
Books and letters in song dynasty. Wujun's masterpiece of parallel prose and official letters. This is a letter to his friend Song. Wu Junshan writes about scenery. This writer is good at writing landscapes, fresh and elegant, and has made great artistic achievements. In the letter, the author describes the scenery of Fuchun River from Fuyang to Tonglu, Zhejiang, with clear water and cold mountains, birds singing and apes whistling. Vivid, cordial and touching. It is a masterpiece of epistolary landscape sketches in the Six Dynasties.
Liu Xie (about 465 ~ 520) was a literary theory critic in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Originally from Juxian County, Dongguan, Shandong Province (now Juxian County, Shandong Province), I lived in Jingkou. Liu Xie lost his father when he was a child and was determined to learn. Because of his poor family, he couldn't get married and lived in a Buddhist temple by a monk. After more than ten years of experience, he is proficient in Buddhist classics and Confucian classics, and greatly appreciates Confucius' theory. Wen Xin Diao Long, written in his thirties with more than 37,000 words, has become a masterpiece in the history of China's classical literary criticism and set a new milestone for China's literary criticism.
Wen Xin Diao Long is China's first monograph on literary criticism and discussion, written by Liu Xie. Wen Xin Diao Long is divided into two parts, with 25 articles and 50 articles in each part, including five parts: general introduction, stylistic theory, creative theory, comment and general preface. Among them, there are 5 general comments on Literature Hub, which is the basis of the whole book theory; There are 20 articles on stylistics, each of which is divided into one, two or three styles. The main styles are "the original is to express the end, the name is to explain the meaning of the chapter, the text is to be determined, and the reason is to be unified"; There are 19 articles about creation, discussing the creation process, the writer's personality style, the relationship between literature and quality, writing skills, the rhythm of words and so on; It is also a wonderful part of this book to criticize the writing style and achievements of writers of past dynasties from different angles and explore critical methods. The last preface is the general preface of the book, explaining his creative purpose and the deployment intention of the book. This book has a wide range of contents, and all parts take care of each other. It is unprecedented in ancient literary criticism to be consistent and thoughtful from beginning to end. It has a great influence on later literary criticism theory.
Zhong Rong (? ~ 5 18) Wei Chang, a native of Yingchuan Changshe (now Xuchang County, Henan Province), was a famous literary theory critic in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Stuart, who went together, joined the army. After entering Liang, he wrote a letter about things, strongly criticizing bureaucrats for colluding with each other and bribing people to do business. In the 15th year of Liang Wudi Tian Jian (5 16), he wrote a monograph on literary criticism, Poems, which launched a sharp struggle against the unhealthy trends in aristocratic literary circles, such as focusing on phonology and using allusions, and played a direct role in promoting the development of poetry. It marks the peak of the development of China's classical literary criticism, occupies an important position in the history of China's literary criticism, and has a far-reaching influence on later generations.
Zhong Rong's monograph on literary criticism of Shi Pin. The five-character poems of 22 writers from Han to Liang/kloc-0 were evaluated. According to the different achievements of 122 writers, it can be divided into three categories: upper, middle and lower, among which 1 1 is the top grade, 39 is the middle grade and 72 is the inferior grade. In each product, it is arranged slightly according to the times, and each writer is briefly evaluated. There are four most important points in the excellent literary theory of Poetry: first, it points out that poetry is caused by objective inspiration and stimulation, and emphatically expounds the relationship between natural phenomena and social phenomena on literary creation; Second, it is believed that the inheritance of literary heritage lies in spiritual outlook, not in formal simulation; Thirdly, it criticizes the phenomenon of using allusions by officials and businessmen at that time, which is complicated and ingenious, and the good and the bad are mixed, and puts forward the correct goal of using words naturally and language harmoniously. Fourthly, advocate "Jian 'an style", criticize the "moral theory" of metaphysical poetry "plain classics" and put forward the "interest theory" of poetry. Shi Pin is China's first poetry monograph. Si Kongtu in the Tang Dynasty, Yan Yu in the Song Dynasty and Wang Shizhen in the Qing Dynasty were all inspired and influenced by it in different degrees in terms of views, methods and language expressions.
Li Daoyuan (466 or 472 ~ 527), born in Zhuolu, Fanyang (now Zhuoxian, Hebei), was a geographer and essayist in the Northern Wei Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. He used to be the deputy general of the secretariat and suggestion of East Jingzhou. When I was a teenager, I was very interested in "visiting and looking for canals" and studied tirelessly. I carefully read ancient geography books such as Shan Hai Jing and Yu Gong, and wrote 40 volumes of Notes on Water Mirror, 13 local chronicles and 7 appointments. But only Zhu's Water Mirror has survived. For water supply classics, * * * cited more than 400 kinds of ancient books, and he also personally made field trips, visited historical sites and traced back to the source. It fully embodies the rigor of his academic attitude.
Shuijing notes prose. Li Daoyuan's Water Mirror Zhu has chapters devoted to the Yangtze River (see Zhu, Volumes 33-35). Jiang Shui starts from the Minjiang River in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and takes the main stream of the Yangtze River as a clue, and then introduces the areas where the Yangtze River flows, its tributaries along the way, the natural scenery of various places, and many historical figures, places of interest, myths and legends, folk customs, proverbs and products related to the Yangtze River. Among them, the scenery of the Three Gorges is the most vivid and outstanding: the mountains are proud, the rivers are in danger of rushing back, the three Gorges have different seasons, and the thrilling journey is vivid and lifelike, giving people a high sense of beauty. The author deeply embodies patriotism, endows Historical Records with strong literary implications, vivid images, concise language and appropriate words, which is the pioneering work of China's tourism literature.
Xiao Tong (50 1 ~ 53 1), a native of Nanlanling (now Wujin, Jiangsu), was a writer in the Southern Liang Dynasty. Xiao Tong was the eldest son of Liang Wudi in the Southern Dynasties. In the first year of Tian Jian (502), he was made a prince and died in Zhaoming, known as Prince Zhaoming in history. He believes in Buddhism, literature and both quality and quality. He believes that the article should be "beautiful but not floating, classic but not wild." He once wrote biographies and compiled collections for Tao Yuanming. He wrote 20 volumes of anthology, 10 Xú Zhēng and 20 volumes of Hua Ying, all of which have been lost. When he was in the East Palace, he collected 30 volumes of Selected Works and put them on top of literature, which had a great influence on later literature. There is a collection of Prince Zhaoming.
Selected Works is the earliest extant collection of articles in China, compiled by Prince Xiao Tong of Zhaoming, a scholar recruited by Liang in the Southern Dynasties. It's called Selected Works of Zhao Ming, with 30 volumes. It has collected more than 700 works by 30 famous authors and a few unknown authors from the Zhou Dynasty to the Six Dynasties 130, and the main representatives of various styles are generally there. There are many parallel essays in the book, but there are no philosophers of the Six Classics. History books only choose comments and praises, and strictly distinguish between "prose" and "pen", which reflects the literary tendency at that time. The original 30 volumes of Selected Works were annotated by Shan Li during the reign of Tang Xianqing and divided into 60 volumes. A lot of information is collected in the notes, which is extremely detailed. During the Kaiyuan period, there were five people who made joint notes: Lu Yanji, Liu Liang, Lv Xiang and Li, which were not as detailed as the notes. Later generations combined the two books into one, which is called Notes on Selected Works of Six Ministers. Shan Li's annotation is the best version of Hu Kejia in Qing Dynasty, textual research 10.
Yu Xin (5 13 ~ 58 1) was born in Xinye, Nanyang (now Xinye County, Henan Province), a famous poet in the Northern Dynasties and ci writers. Born into a noble family, Liang was a general in imperial history at that time. Young, intelligent and well-read, he taught in Xiao Tong East Palace, Prince of Zhaoming at the age of 65,438+05, and worked as a bachelor in Xiaogang East Palace at the age of 65,438+09. Later, he was ordered to go to the Western Wei Dynasty and was left in Chang 'an. Later, he became an official in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. He was an ancient general, and he started the third department of the government. Although his official position is high, his heart is very painful, and he often misses his motherland. However, Northern Zhou cherished talents and refused to let them go. Finally, he died of old age in the North. Poetry is divided into two periods, and most of the palace poems made in the early stage are pornographic works and forms, with empty content and tailored works. In the later period, due to the change of life and thought, the content and style of poetry and fu also changed fundamentally, describing more the thoughts of the old country and the feeling of wandering. Twenty-seven pieces of Zhun Yong Huai reflect his life, thoughts and feelings during this period. In addition, his new five-character poem "Send Xu Ling" coincides with the five-character metrical poem and five-character quatrains in the late Tang Dynasty, and his seven-character metrical poem "Wu Ye Style" is the pioneering work of the seven laws and seven quatrains in the Tang Dynasty. Later generations compiled the Collection of Yuzi Mountain.
Five-character poem "Zhun Yong Huai". ***27 songs. Yu Xin imitated Ruan Ji's Yong Huai. Ruan Ji's ***82 poems "Yong Huai" describe the author's inner pain during the change of dynasty. Although the life experience implied in the Pledge Manuscript is different from Ruan Ji's, the inner pain expressed is similar. Most of the poems trace back to the separation of flesh and blood brought about by the war, and lament the life experience, staying in the north and missing my hometown. Repeatedly chanting, touching. His style is tragic and desolate, his words are precise, he is good at using allusions and expressing his feelings through historical events, which has a strong appeal.
Ci and Fu in Mourning for Jiangnan. Yu zuoxin. This is a great poem mourning the demise of the Liang Dynasty and lamenting personal life experiences. With its unique scale mode, Ode to the South of the Yangtze River truly, sadly and profoundly describes the rise and fall of the Liang Dynasty, the corruption, incompetence and cannibalism of the ruling class in the Liang Dynasty, the causes and consequences of the Hou Jing Rebellion and the Gangneung disaster, the heroic sacrifices of soldiers who resisted the enemy, the sufferings of people's lives and their inner sadness and remorse. Generous and tragic, sometimes lyrical, sometimes slow and sometimes urgent, full of changes, flexible and accurate use of allusions, the combination of reality and reality, desolate and vigorous brushwork, rigorous and slightly loose composition. The writing is fluent, cordial and touching. It has recorded the truth of history truthfully, and has always been called "Fu History", and its artistic achievements are far above those of previous Ci Fu.
Seven sons of Jian 'an (196 ~ 220). Cao Pi said in his Dian Lun Paper: "Today's literati are Confucius of Lu, Chen Zhang of Guangling, Wang Shen of Wang, Xu Gan of Beihai, De Lian of Ru 'nan and Serina Liu of Dongping. Seven sons. There is nothing left to learn, nothing left to say, and salt is arrogant and arrogant. "These seven people generally represent outstanding writers except Cao Shi's father and son during the Jian 'an period, so the seven sons' theory is generally recognized by future generations. The life of "seven sons" can basically be divided into two periods. In the early stage, they were in the late Han Dynasty. Although their social status and life experience are different, they can't escape the fate of being submerged. Later, they attached themselves to Cao Cao, held high positions, or were close ministers of Cao Shi and his son. Life determines creation. Their creation is also divided into two stages. The early stage reflects the turbulent social reality and expresses the feelings of worrying about the country and the people. Most of his works have certain practical significance and ideological depth. Most of his later works reflect his ambition to support Cao Shi's regime and make contributions, and the content is mostly banquets and answers. There is praise for Cao Shi and his son, with the tone of entertaining guests and accompanying ministers, showing a vulgar attitude. However, no matter in the early or late stage, most of their creations are positive and healthy. In poetry, prose and prose, they all have their own strengths. However, the characteristics of * * * in the creation of Seven Sons and the reasons for its formation, as Liu Xie said in Wen Xin Diao Long, are elegant and generous, good things are scattered in the world, and the wind is declining. "Seven Scholars" occupies a very important position in the history of China literature. Together with the "Three Caos", they formed the main force of Jian 'an writers and contributed to the development of poetry, prose and prose.
Seven sages of bamboo forest, Three Kingdoms and Seven Celebrities in the Late Wei Dynasty. They are overseas Chinese, Ruan Ji, Hanoi, Xiangxiu in Hanoi, Guo Pei, Ruan Xian in Liu Chen and Lang Xie. Because of their association, they once got together under the bamboo forest in Yang Shan (now Xiuwu, Henan), so they are called "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest" in the world. The ideological inclination and political attitude of the seven people are slightly different. Ji Kang, Ruan Ji, Liu Ling and Ruan Xian are all courtiers of Lao Zi and Zhuangzi. The more famous they are, the more natural they are. Dan Tao and Wang Rong are good at Zhuangzi and miscellaneous Confucianism; Xiang embroidery advocates the integration of Buddhism and Taoism with nature. In terms of political attitudes, there are Ruan Ji, Ji Kang and Liu Ling. Wei is an official, but they don't cooperate with Sima Group, which is in power and has become a substitute. Xiang Xiu was forced to be an official after Ji Kang was killed, and Ruan Xian was an assistant minister in Sanshui when he entered Jin. Dan Tao became an official at the age of 40, and took refuge in Sima Shi as a high official. Wang Rong was stingy, rich and famous, and became a big official in the State of Jin. Seven people have different achievements in literary creation. Ruan Ji's five-character poems and Ji Kang's prose both occupy an important position in the history of literature.
Yuefu poetry is a collection of movements and ballads from ancient times to the Tang and Five Dynasties. The collected works are mainly Yuefu poems from Han Wei to Sui and Tang Dynasties, with a total volume of *** 100. Editor Guo Maoqian was born in the late Southern Song Dynasty. His ancestral home is Yunzhou Procedure (now Dongping, Shandong). The year of birth and death and experience are unknown. Yuefu Poems are divided into 12 categories in Yuefu Poetry Collection, such as Jiaomiao Ci, Advocating Ci, Transverse Blowing Ci, Harmony Ci, Ci, Dance Ci, Qin Ci, Miscellaneous Ci, Modern Ci, Miscellaneous Ci and New Yuefu Ci. Most of the collected poems are excellent folk songs and songs written by literati with Yuefu as the old theme. Among the existing collections of poems, it is an important collection with the earliest books and the most complete collection of Yuefu poems in past dynasties, which provides great convenience for the collation and research of Yuefu poems. Yuefu poems introduce and explain the origin, nature and musical instruments used in singing in detail. These explanations in the book have quoted many lost works, which have preserved many precious historical materials and are of great value to the study of literary history and music history.
Poetry from Han Dynasty to Sui Dynasty. D (1874— 1952). Ding was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu. Graduated from Nanjing Academy in his early years, engaged in language research. After studying in Japan to study medicine. After returning to China, he gave lectures in the north and south, devoted himself to the collation of ancient books and practiced medicine. 19 12 set up a medical bookstore in Shanghai to publish medical and Buddhist books. The book has ***54 volumes, which are divided into 1 1 sets in chronological order, and it is planned to take "Complete Tang Poetry" as the order. It is based on Feng Weiner's Collection of Ancient Poems in Ming Dynasty, focusing on the poems from Han Dynasty to Sui Dynasty, and taking into account Feng Shu's Collection of Poems in Qing Dynasty for revision. This book is a collection of poems after the Han Dynasty for 800 years, trying to be complete. It is the most convenient collection of ancient poems before the publication of Wei Yan's Poems of Pre-Qin and Southern and Northern Dynasties.
Poems of Pre-Qin, Qin and Han Dynasties, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, poems of pre-Qin to Sui Dynasty, volume *** 135, compiled by Kun (10 ~1973). Wu Qinli, a native of Juye, Shandong Province, graduated from Chinese Department of Peking University and is a professor at Northeast Normal University. The book is characterized by a wide range of materials. Except the Book of Songs and Songs of the South, all the works before the Sui Dynasty were compiled. There are more than 300 kinds of four groups cited. Detailed source. Every poem should be marked in what book and volume, that is, the words only have rhyme, without exception. This foreign language is rich in information. Different versions of books, or different versions of a book, and even the collation results of predecessors are recorded by people with full reference. Make a serious appointment for the exam. There are many original ideas in the book. Make up for it According to the author's birth and death years, it can show the connection and influence between writers in the same period, and it is also convenient to compare different poetry styles and schools.
A collection of five-character or seven-character ancient poems from Han Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty. Wang Shizhen in Qing dynasty (1634 ~1711). Wang Shizhen was the leader of the poetry circle in the early Qing Dynasty. He used the philosophy of Zen to tell poems, flaunted "verve" and preached mysterious "wonderful enlightenment" and "prosperous times". The compilation of Selected Ancient Poems is intended to clarify the evolution of ancient and modern five-character and seven-character poems, and also to choose a "model" for his poetic theory. The book ***32 volumes, the first volume 17 selects five-character ancient poems from Han to Tang, and the last volume 15 selects seven-character ancient poems from pre-Qin to Yuan. Editors hold the theory of "original" and "positive change", and almost all the works of five words and two Han dynasties are included, and the selection of materials has become stricter since Wei and Jin Dynasties. The seven-character part has a wider choice. "Du is the main part. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, those who are good at learning Du have taken it." This book generally reflects the development of five-character poems before Tang Dynasty and seven-character poems before Song Dynasty. The disadvantage of this book is that the selection of works by different schools and poets is not comprehensive enough.
Source of Ancient Poetry: Selected Ancient Poetry from Pre-Qin to Sui Dynasty. Shen Deqian (1673 ~ 1769) in Qing dynasty. This book has 14 volume and contains more than 700 poems. Shen Deqian said in the preface that poetry flourished in the Tang Dynasty, and ancient poetry was the source of Tang poetry. Therefore, "going back to the Sui and Chen Dynasties, it is very close to Huang Xuan, and the' 300 articles' and nursery rhymes produced by the Jiaomiao Movement are all prepared". "In ancient times, it was summarized by Han and Beijing and hunted by Wei and Jin Dynasties, and the authors after Fu, Song and Qi were not abolished. Not only write poems, but also discuss the world. Let the viewer know how to change, so as to gradually glimpse the elegant heritage. " It can be seen the scope and purpose of its compilation. A large number of ancient songs and Yuefu of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties were selected and recorded in the book. Jian 'an poets affirmed Cao Cao and Cao Zhi, Jin poets praised Zuo Si and Tao Yuanming, poets praised Xie Xie and Bao Zhao, and northern poets praised Yu Xin. It can be seen that he opposes exquisite carving in art and pays more attention to social content in thought.
Selected poems of Yuefu in Han and Wei Dynasties. Notes on the Compilation of Ren Jin Huang Jie (1873 ~ 1935). Huang Jie, a native of Shunde, Guangdong, has taught poetics in Peking University and Tsinghua University. He has written Biography of Poetry, Biography of Ruan Infantry's Love Poetry, Biography of Xie Poetry, Biography of Bao Poetry and Biography of Poetry. Self-study of Song poetry, there are "minor poems" and "Notes on Yuefu Style in Han and Wei Dynasties" (volume 15), with an addendum, and choose 196 Yuefu poems in Han and Wei Dynasties. From a poetic point of view, Huang Jie thinks that "elegance" is dead, and "fu" is left, but "wind" is an ear worthy of singing ",and that" all the works in this article came from Yuefu in the Han and Wei Dynasties, so it is called "Feng Jian". Therefore, China's poems are mainly folk songs and poems adopted by Yuefu, belonging to Yuefu's chorus and miscellaneous songs. Cao Wei Yuefu selected works from Cao Cao to Ji Kang. The annotation of each poem includes problem solving, annotation and phonetic interpretation. Based on Hongbo, the attitude is rigorous.
Luoyang Galand is a historical and geographical prose work in the Northern Dynasties. Eastern Wei Yang (or Zuo Yang) is confused. Yang Xuanzhi was born in Beiping (now Zunhua, Hebei). The year of birth and death is unknown. Zeng Guan was invited to serve the court, the secretary supervised Sima, and the county satrap. Have literary talent. In the fifth year of Wuding in the Eastern Wei Dynasty, he went to Luoyang, the old capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and saw battlements collapsed, palaces overturned, temples turned to ashes, and temples and pagodas were mound ruins. He wrote "Luoyang Galand Ji", expressing his condolences for the demise of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and criticizing the princes and nobles who wasted money and were "unsympathetic" in Buddhism at that time. "Galand" is the provincial name of "Sangha Lamma Island" in Sanskrit, and it is also the alias of Buddhist temple. His book is actually a book about temples in Luoyang. The book is divided into five volumes: Inner City, Dongcheng, Nancheng, Xicheng and Beicheng, and describes more than 70 temples. It not only describes the shape and scale of palace figures and the rise and fall of temples, but also describes related political events, social and economic conditions and customs and human feelings at that time, which has been highly valued by historians of past dynasties. The narrative of the book is mainly prose, while the description is often accompanied by parallel prose, which is clear, clean and beautiful. There are many historical stories and ghost stories, similar to those in the Southern Dynasties and Shi Shuo Xin Yu. The plot is simple and concise, but vivid, concrete and fascinating, which shows the author's ability to control the language.
Prose works of northern dynasties. Written by Yan Zhitui in Northern Qi Dynasty (53 1 ~ 590). Word interface. Linyi (now Shandong) people. King of Jingzhou, Xiaoyi Town and Liang Xiangdong was promoted to be a regular servant of his country. Later, Yi's son Xiao Fang went out of town to take charge of the secretary. Hou Jing was trapped in Yingzhou and almost killed. After the rebellion in Hou Jing subsided, it was returned to Jiangling. Xiao Yi proclaimed himself emperor and was appointed assistant minister of Sanshou. The Western Wei captured Jiangling and sent it to Chang 'an. Soon, he went to Beiqi, where he became an assistant minister of the Yellow Gate and a magistrate of the Plain. After the death of the Northern Qi Dynasty, he entered the Northern Zhou Dynasty and became a staff sergeant emperor. When Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty opened, the prince was called a bachelor, and later died of illness. Yan Zhitui's life, after four dynasties, was killed many times, so he was deeply worried. He once wrote "Shut Me Down" to describe his life. Only five poems. Yan Jiaxun has twenty articles, written in the early years of the Sui Dynasty. The content is mainly to educate children with traditional Confucianism and talk about how to cultivate one's morality, keep one's family in order, live in the world and study. There are many positive ideas in it. Such as advocating learning and opposing being unlearned; It is believed that learning should focus on reading, and attention should also be paid to various skills and knowledge such as workers, peasants and soldiers and businessmen. Advocate "learning expensive can do" and oppose empty talk and unrealistic. It criticized the vain and weak style of Korean scholar-officials and the social customs of the Northern and Southern Dynasties. Yan Family Instructions focuses on reasoning, and its writing method is to put forward ideas first, and then list some stories as examples. There are both sides, and the contrast is clear and concrete. The language of the book is simple, simple and natural, and the style is close to the spoken language at that time. It is unique in the history of North and South literature.
Records of Three Dynasties, Qin, Han, Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties is a collection from ancient times to Sui Dynasty. Editing and proofreading of Yan Kejun (1762 ~ 1843) in Qing Dynasty. Yan Kejun was born in Wucheng, Zhejiang (now Huzhou, Zhejiang). Jiaqing juren He is the author of Xiao Wenyi, Lei Wensheng and Tieqiao Slow Draft. This book has 746 volumes and more than 3400 authors. According to Yan's "General Introduction", in the 13th year of Jiaqing (1808), the whole hall was opened, but he did not participate in the compilation, so he independently wrote and compiled this book in the autumn of that year, which took 27 years to complete. Editors are rigorous and diligent, and other books, collections, history books, books and even novels and rubbings are as extensive as possible. The publication of this book enables researchers to see all the lost single articles and sub-books before the Tang Dynasty in one book. The scope of this book is roughly the same as that of Quan Tang Wen, that is, the standard is Wen. The book is in the order of dynasties, in the same dynasty, and according to the author's identity, it is arranged in the order of emperor, queen, aristocrat, official, scholar, woman, Buddhism and que Ming. Every writer has a short biography, and his works are classified by style, and the source of each article is indicated below.