The fate of dust is not over.
Jia Dao is a poet who is half vulgar and half monk.
After he was frustrated in the literary world, he became a monk and lost his name. Rootless people are also called rootless, rootless and empty. It seems that he will study Buddhism all his life. But then I met Han Yu and held a ceremony to accept disciples. Under the persuasion of Han Yu, he returned to vulgarity and won the Jinshi. It is difficult to become a monk without thinking about it, and it is difficult to abandon Zen when entering the customs. "Crazy songs are like tears, and sorrows are like Zen." (Yao He's "Send Jia Dao") The vulgar taste is very strong, and the monk taste is not weak. It is in this duality that he spent his life.
Jia Dao became a disgruntled monk, so although he was a Buddhist, he could not forget the troubles in the world. When he became a monk in Luoyang, the authorities stipulated that he should not leave the temple in the afternoon. A different family wouldn't leave without authorization. The Buddha country is boundless, where can we not cultivate our mind and cultivate our nature? However, he felt that freedom was bound and unbearable. Then sighed: "It is better to go home at sunset than cattle and sheep." He is persistent, and once he advances, it is not easy to turn back. Whether for monks or secularization, it is challenging.
He is a bitter poet, and he never forgets to write poems while sitting and sleeping. He is often possessed and gets into trouble. It is said that there have been two traffic accidents. Once I rode a donkey across the road and didn't pay attention to pedestrians. At that time, the autumn wind was bleak and the yellow leaves were falling, so I casually sang "The leaves are full of Chang 'an". Thinking about the first league, he suddenly rebelled against the sky with "autumn wind blowing Wei water", and as a result, he ran into the "mayor" and was detained for one night. Once, I went to Li Ning's seclusion and got a sentence on the donkey's back: "Birds live in trees by the pool, and monks knock on the moon." "The word" knock "wants to be the word" push ",which has not yet been decided. I was in a trance, and I ran into Han Yu's car and horse. Although the legend is not completely credible, his obsession is well founded. He always wants to betray himself. " Ten years of grinding a sword, frost blade has not tried. I'll show you today. Who is wronged? "("the legendary swordsman ") bullfighting with gas, a pair of chivalrous courage. In fact, he is skinny and short of breath, just learning his own lessons and trying to be appreciated. In the Tang Dynasty, if Juzi wanted to make his mark in the examination room, he often had to dredge his joints and look for a strong backer. He came from a humble background, had no relatives in North Korea and lacked foreign aid, so he hated the injustice of this society. He thinks he has no way out, which is caused by the repression of his officials. He passed by Pei Du's yard and chanted, "Flowers make a pool, not peaches, plums and roses. Wild roses are windy in autumn and full of thorns. "("Xing Hua Garden Pavilion ") Pei Du played an important role in putting down the rebellion and making Jin Gong. He has amassed a lot, and Chang 'an has a high official position. When Jia Dao saw it, the fire came from the inside, pretending to be a poem. He looks down on powerful people and doesn't take them seriously. After that, he lived in France and did nothing. One day, Xuanzong traveled incognito and went to the temple. When he heard someone chanting poetry, he followed the sound upstairs. When he saw the poem on the case, he took it and browsed it. Jia Dao was behind, alone. He didn't know Xuanzong, and stared and shouted, "Lang Jun, eat well and get dressed. How did he know this? " I was nervous afterwards, waiting for redemption. The court gave him a small official in the main book of Changjiang County and expelled him from Chang 'an. There are two poets' works in the Tang Dynasty, both of which are related to this matter. An Qi's poem said, "Ride a donkey to Yin Da, seize the classics and pass on the teachings." Li Youshi said: "Xuanzong meddled in other people's affairs, and Han became famous."
Jia Dao has a cousin named Wu Wu, who is also a poet. At that time, the two became monks together. Jia Dao couldn't bear loneliness and killed the carbine; And Wu Wu is still crossing his hands to the Buddha. Jia Dao kept an appointment when he was secularized, and he will remain a monk in the future, but he was wrapped up as soon as he fell into the dust net. There is no poem to remind him not to forget the appointment. Jia Dao said, how could I forget? "I have been thinking about the famous mountains all over the world, and I will arrive at Songqiu sooner or later." ("Don't send people here") "There will be a misty meeting, and the rooftop is a close neighbor." He still yearns for the tranquility of Buddhism. But they all say that action is action, which is full of contradictions.
Jia Dao devoted his life to the art of poetry. "Two sentences in three years, one song and two tears" has tempered many fine products. Han Yuxian said: "Meng Jiao was buried in Beimang Mountain after his death, and the situation has been suspended since then. I was born in Jia Dao because I was afraid that the article would be cut off. " Jia Dao is as famous as Meng Jiao and has far-reaching influence. But throughout his life, he was down and out, with a small official position, and Lu did not support himself. On the day of death, there was no money at home, only a sick donkey and an ancient piano. One of the teachers lamented: did he think this life was worth living and left with a smile, or did he regret it? Why not go to chant Buddhist scripture? This is not clear.
Dare to say that Xuanzong doesn't understand poetry
Han Yu, a great writer, wrote a famous poem in praise of the poet Jia Dao. This poem entitled "To Jia Dao" says:
Meng Jiao was buried in Beimang Mountain, and the sun, the moon and the clouds suddenly felt idle.
I'm afraid the article will be cut and Jia Dao will be reborn!
It is not difficult to see that the person who wrote this poem really admired Jia Dao. Even if it was not written by the Han Palace, it is an objective fact that people worship Jia Dao's poems. Even if his contemporaries didn't emphasize him, even later poets were rarely infatuated with him.
Let's not talk about things that are far away from Jia Dao's time. For example, the Four Spirits of Yongjia in the Southern Song Dynasty were keen on his works, and even in the late Tang Dynasty, many people loved Jia Dao's works. The poet Dong Li even cast a bronze statue of Jia Dao, put it in a square towel he wore, and recited "Jia Dao Buddha" 1000 times a day with beads in his hand. If you meet someone who likes Jia Dao's poems, you will copy Jia Dao's poems and give them to them. Coincidentally, in the Southern Tang Dynasty, Sun Sheng, a poet who became a high official, also painted the image of Jia Dao on his own murals, and often worshiped all day long. Just by citing these two examples, we can get a general understanding of Jia Dao's achievements in poetry and the fact that he is loved by people.
Jia Dao, a native of Fanyang, was named Lang Xian. (2) because one after another failed to get into the Jinshi, he became a monk in a rage. Later, I met Han Yu, a great writer, and was fortunate to be appreciated by Han. This just returned to the custom and went to the office. Only after that, he went through several hardships and finally got his wish.
The hero of this famous story of "Deliberation" is Jia Dao, and we will elaborate on it in other chapters (3). Even though he sent poems of his fellow monks, his five-law poem wrote:
After the rain, the blue sky is fresh, and we are not on the way to see that person off.
In the autumn of cricket, he left the temple with a Zhu and was separated from his family.
The pool reflected his lonely figure, and he rested in the tree many times.
Finally, he should be about the mountain, with Tiantai Mountain as his neighbor.
But he actually added a five-line poem under the poem "Walking alone at the bottom of the pool" to show his painstaking pursuit:
Two sentences in three years, one song and two tears.
If you don't appreciate your bosom friend, go home!
This not only shows his self-appreciation of his works, but also shows his obsession with poetry. He even takes out the poems he wrote this year on New Year's Eve every year, respectfully puts them on several cases, and bows to them after burning incense and lighting candles. Then, Jia Dao got up and spilled the wine on the ground, mumbling a prayer: "This is my favorite thing after a hard year!" "
In fact, Jia Dao not only never tires of writing poems, but also cherishes his own poems. To this end, he unintentionally offended the emperor.
One day, he made an appointment with some poetry friends to visit the Qingliu Temple where he once lived. But the left, right and left just didn't see them coming, so Jia Dao took out the manuscript he carried with him, enjoyed it himself, and made further deliberation and revision himself.
The night came without hesitation, but the poet hasn't arrived yet. Jia Dao estimated that they would not come. So he and Yi fell asleep on several boxes, but soon they were sleepy. When he woke up, Jia Dao found a stranger reading a poem from under his shirt sleeve-that's my heart! At this thought, Jia Dao stood up with a shout, grabbed it from the man without hesitation, and then said angrily, "Look at your bright clothes, your fat face, not the material to understand poetry!" Even if the man wanted to grab the manuscript, it was too late, so he stopped saying anything, glanced at Jia Dao coldly and went downstairs.
In fact, this stranger was laughed at by Jia Dao, but Li Chen, Emperor Xuanzong! Xuanzong has the habit of traveling incognito. Now it's time for him to put on his royal clothes and go sightseeing. When he went downstairs, he suddenly heard someone chanting poetry and went upstairs. Just when Jia Dao fell asleep because of overwork, the above scene appeared.
Afterwards, Jia Dao heard that the stranger was the current emperor, and his legs trembled with fear. He hurried into the palace to kowtow and apologize. It is said that he was later demoted as the main book of the Yangtze River, which has a lot to do with this matter; But Jia Dao has another nickname in the history of literature: Jia Changjiang.
Later many poets complained for him. For example, in a poem by Ann Cheng Kun in the Tang Dynasty, there is a saying that Jia Dao "took the roll to announce the school"; (4) In this regard, Li also has a poem saying that "Xuanzong's resignation is meddling". But Jia Dao dared to say that Xuanzong did not understand poetry, but it was not low; This is really a big sigh!
Ayuan Publishing House: ① This poem can't be found in Han Wengong's poetry collection, but it is found in the biography of talented people in Tang Dynasty. Su Shi once thought that this was "entrusted by secular ignorance", while the chronology of Tang poetry was ambiguous. Again, "Hun" is a "middle". 2 wave fairy, a "wave fairy". (3) see the book "Monks Deliberating Alone". 4 mind, a "mistake", seems to be inaccurate; According to the Chronicle of Tang Poetry, Ji Google published it. The China Writers' Dictionary defines Ann Cheng Kun as "Cheng Kun", which is inaccurate.
Editor's Note: All the above words are from A Yuan's Three Hundred Tang Poems. Dare to say that Xuanzong doesn't understand poetry-Jia Dao was demoted for arguing with the emperor'.