Ancient Egyptian poetry

Totem worship prevailed in ancient Egypt, that is, the worship of certain animals. There are local gods everywhere. After the strengthening of the central Pharaoh's regime, there was a unified worship of the sun god in Egypt. The ancient Egyptians had many different names for the sun god, such as Lai, La, Amon, Oman and Puta, which varied from time to time. These names sometimes refer to the creation of the universe. Arden, Atong, etc. ) are regarded as the highest god. Atong's Ode to the Sun God in the Middle Kingdom is a famous ancient ode. These carols were written when Pharaoh Akhenaten announced that the sun god was the only supreme god worshipped in this country. One of them wrote: He created everything in the world, and human beings came out of his eyes, and gods came out of his mouth. For a cow, he created a fruit tree. He gave life to the fish in the river and the birds in the air. He let the chicken in the eggshell breathe and saved the egg's life. Pharaoh ........................................................................................................................................ was considered as Phobos Apollo. This is a sacred idea of the ancient Egyptians. Here, we can also see how literature is related to the religious sacrificial activities in ancient Egypt. It enthusiastically praised the great power of the sun god who created life on earth and represented the achievements in ancient Egyptian religious poetry. Through it, we know that the ancient Egyptians worshipped the sun because its light shone on human beings. Bring life to everything. It was the sun god, the god of Adon, who slaughtered everything, and then Adon was born. The belief in Adon is obviously developing in the direction of monotheism (Egyptian archaeologist Professor Ahmed Fekri thinks that Ode to Adon must have had an influence on ancient Hebrew literature, especially compared with the 104th poem of the Old Testament, which is very similar. This ode and other literary works are very popular in West Asia. The praise of the Nile has always been one of the important themes in Egyptian literature, and there are many famous works in ancient Egypt. Herodotus, an ancient Greek historian, said that "Egypt is a gift of the Nile", and the ancient Egyptians were even more cordial about it. They are full of love and reverence for the Nile. They made up long poems and praised them with exaggerated words, including a section: "Oh! Nile, I praise you, you gushed out of the ground and fed Egypt ... once your water flow decreased, people stopped breathing. " The famous Song of the Nile in ancient Egypt is the first work of the son of Ramses II in the period of Manaputa. According to Egyptian scholars' inference, this poem was written in the 3rd century BC/KLOC-0. The Nile ode has 14 stanzas, * * *. You appear in this land, safe and sound, and make Egypt reborn: Amen, you lead the night into the day, and your guidance makes people rejoice! Breeding La (La is the sun god and is considered to love flowers very much. ) The garden created by God gives life to all animals; Irrigate the earth without rest, a journey from heaven (the Nile River God crosses the sky, and his journey is the same as the river on the earth. ), food lover, grain giver, Puta (Puta is the god who created Egypt and the architect of the universe. God, you have brought light to every family! The Nile floods regularly every year, and the land on both sides is fertile and suitable for farming, which was developed very early. The development of splendid culture and art in ancient Egypt is closely related to the development and farming on both sides of the Nile. The Nile is the cradle of Egyptian civilization, and people are closely related to it. It is natural to eulogize it and condense it into beautiful poems with beautiful words. As early as the ancient kingdom, there were various things about the afterlife in Pharaoh's mausoleum. There are more kinds of religious symbols, and even middle-class residents will put symbols in the coffins of the dead. The Book of the Dead came into being in the new kingdom period, and it is a collection of various mantras, prayers and carols. Write it on a long scroll of grass. The ancient Egyptians believed that people would live in a ghost country for a period of time after death, where they passed the tests of various doors. Wrap it in linen, put it in a sarcophagus, and put it in a book for the dead. There are three kinds of books: the book of death, the book of the lower bound and the book of the portal. It is actually a guide for the dead to go to the ghost country, protecting the dead from all kinds of hardships, coping with the trial smoothly, and reaching the "temple of truth" safely, which can be harvested in the cool breeze of the five grains. If you have the chance, you can also be reincarnated as Osiris (a god with all Egyptian meanings, originally a god of plants and water). People draw the idea of Osiris's death and resurrection from the annual growth of plants, and regard him as the god of the dead. The book of the dead contains the thoughts and beliefs of the ancient Egyptians and its various details. It can also be seen that the ancient Egyptians loved life and yearned for a happy life. The theology of the ancient Egyptians, their sacred books and the concept of the afterlife are all based on a simple belief: to show immortality in the image of immortality. The Book of Death undoubtedly provides us with valuable information about the ancient Egyptians' life thoughts. Obviously, in slave society, the vast majority of poor people and slaves can't afford such books of the dead. This book actually reflects the slave owners' attempts to extend the prosperity of their lives to the world behind them. There are 27 books on the Dead, each with a different length and theme. Here are the first few verses: get up, dead, praise the sun, praise you, ah, your amazing rise! You rise, you shine! Fuck off! You are the king of all gods, and you are the god of all things. We come from you and are worshipped among you. Your priest comes out at dawn. Wash your heart with laughter; The sacred wind blows through your golden strings with music. At sunset, they hug you, as if every cloud flashed a reflective color from your wings. You flew over the zenith, and your heart was happy. Your boats meet in the breeze; In front of you, the goddess Matuo holds high the "feather piece" that determines her fate-the Palace of Anu, which resounds through the audience and shouts your name ..............................................................................................................................., which is also their religion. The religion of ancient Egypt was the religion of slave owners and served them. In order to make their happiness based on the suffering of slaves' blood and tears last forever, slave owners praised the sun god before and after their death. There were many poems praising the king in ancient Egypt. The following poem is in praise of Ramses II: his eyes see through all living things. He is a man who pulls God, and he observes with light. He is more dazzling than the sun in Egypt, and he can make the country more prosperous than the Nile. He gives food to believers and feeds all those who follow him. It is worth noting that the king is compared to pulling the gods, to the sun, and to the Nile. The king is a humanized god. What about God? They are deified people. In the eyes of ancient Egyptian slave owners and rulers, the praise of the sun god is the same as the power of the kings on the earth.