Random Thoughts on Reading "Deng Youzhou Taiwan Song"
Author: Urban Hidden Hero
The Tang Dynasty was the most lively era in Chinese poetry. If there were lonely poets, people would probably Thinking of Jia Dao and Meng Jiao. "Slimness on a cold island in the suburbs" leaves people with the impression that they are walking alone and chanting hard. However, in China throughout the ages, literati and scholars throughout the ages have their own communities, and Jia Dao and Meng Jiao are no exception. Meng Jiao's life was just a bit shabby, with literary friends and poets singing endlessly, so he couldn't be said to be lonely. And if Jia Dao is lonely, he will not have the magical experience of "riding a donkey to attack Dayin and seizing the scroll to disobey Xuanzong". He came across the phrase "fallen leaves cover Chang'an" and was riding on the back of a donkey thinking hard about the next line when he accidentally bumped into Jingzhao Yin Liu Qichu's team. If Liu Qichu is not considered a good poet, then in order to think about whether the word "knock" in "Birds stay in the trees by the pond, and monks knock on the door under the moon" is more appropriate to use "push" or "knock", the officials who collided with each other. The minister, Han Yu, was the head of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties. He was a great scholar and poet who was famous throughout the ages. As for Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty who was traveling to Fagan Temple incognito, he happened to look through his poem manuscript, and he snatched it away and added, "Do you know this too?" The emperor who loved to write poems was so angry that he never gave him a poem in his life. Decent official work. Jia Dao and Meng Jiao had many good teachers and friends in that era, and he would never be truly alone. There was indeed a lonely poet, and that was Chen Ziang, the pioneer in the prosperous times of the Tang and Song Dynasties.
"The ancients have never been seen before, and the newcomers have never been seen after. Thinking of the long journey of heaven and earth, I shed tears alone with sadness." From this "Deng Youzhou Taiwan Song" that has been passed down through the ages, we can see that the poet is lonely and independent. The vast feeling of loneliness.
Chen Ziang became a Jinshi at the age of twenty and supported Wu Zetian politically. When he was twenty-nine years old, he wrote to Wu Zetian "Eight Points for Answering Questions and Questions", advocating light punishments, using talented people, accepting admonitions, rewarding meritorious bravery, and reducing corvee. He put forward many ideas that were in line with the wishes of the people. However, Wu Zetian was busy proclaiming himself emperor and reorganizing the system, and had her own set of policies. Not only did she not pay attention to the opinions of Chen Zi'ang, a literary minister, but she thought he was too busy in discussing politics, so she dismissed him from his post. A few years later, Chen Ziang resumed his official career, and because he had accompanied Zuo Pu on Qiao Zhi's Northern Expedition and became a close friend, he was implicated in Qiao Zhi's case and was imprisoned. After being released from prison, he worked as a collector in Luoyang. At that time, the Khitans lived on the northeastern border. Although they were not powerful, they were a potential threat. During the reign of Wu Zetian, Li Jinzhong, the governor of the Song vassal dynasty who was guarding the northeast, betrayed the imperial court and attempted to separate the country. The Khitans took the opportunity to invade the south and fell into the three prefectures of You, Ji, and Ying. In the first year of Tongtian, Wu Zetian selected Wu Youyi, a useless military commander who was rare in Chinese history, to lead the Northern Expedition. Chen Ziang also went north with the army and served as military counselor. Wu Youyi did not understand military affairs at all. As soon as he joined the enemy, he was defeated and the vanguard Wang Xiaojie's entire army was destroyed. Chen Ziang repeatedly proposed strategies to defeat the enemy, but Wu Youyi ignored them. The enemy was coming so fiercely that he could not sit idly by, so Chen Ziang asked ten thousand people to serve as the vanguard to stop the enemy's advance. Wu Youyi not only did not adopt his opinions this time, but also demoted him. Against this background, Chen Zi'ang accidentally climbed up to Youzhou Terrace, looked at the vastness of the mountains and rivers, and felt the endless emotion of being able to see the world for thousands of years.
The poet was alone on the stage in Youzhou, looking at the mountains and rivers, with a myriad of thoughts. Was he worried about the Tang Dynasty or was he sentimental about the depression of culture? On this platform in Youzhou, Jibei, he may have thought of General Le Yi of the State of Yan who defeated the Qi army, or of Cao Cao, the hero of the Three Kingdoms who conquered Wuhuan in the north and watched the sea from the stone. However, he was useless under Wu Youyi's tent. The hero is far away and the future is bleak. The unparalleled loneliness naturally condenses into a masterpiece that will shock the ages. "The ancients will never be seen before, and those who come after will never be seen." There is inevitably sentimentality about the times here, but there is also the poet's hatred of the filth in the poetry world. The poet cannot see the sages of the past, and the ancients did not have time to see the poet; the poet cannot see the heroes of the future, and the heroes of the future cannot see the poet. What the poet can see and see the poet is only the current era. This was an era of depression, bleakness, and silence. The Four Great Masters of the early Tang Dynasty made a noise in the poetry world for a while, and left quietly without leaving anything behind. His contemporary Zhang Ruoxu also became silent after leaving behind a piece of "Spring River Flower Moonlight Night" , did not conduct any theoretical discussion on poetry creation; he could not see the star-studded poetic scenery of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and Li Du Yuanbai, Wang Wei, Gao Shi, Cen Shen and other pillars of the poetry world were not born at that time. And what are Song Zhiwen, Shen Quanqi and others doing now? What poems have you written? It's just a piece of work made to please the wind and the moon to win favor. Between the prosperous Tang Dynasty and the early Tang Dynasty, Chen Ziang was the only one who rushed to change the sluggish poetry style. He was the only one who fought fiercely alone. "There are only two soldiers left, and the lotus halberd is alone and hesitant." The poet only has ambitions and ambitions, not unparalleled ones. Magical skills, he is not alone and seeking defeat, nor is he the Golden Snake Prince Xia Xueyi. He is somewhat powerless in the struggle against the corrupted court poetry. "The world is long", life is short, every time I think about it, why don't I cry with sadness? Just four sentences, like the clouds embracing each other and the curtains falling silent, how deep and depressing it is! It's like thousands of forests vibrating and thousands of horses galloping, and how intense the grief and indignation is! Here we see a lonely man who lives his whole life searching high and low, and we also see a sentimental person with mixed feelings and confused thoughts.
There is no doubt that Chen Ziang is a lonely hero in the poetry world. With one man and one sword, he carried on the past and the future between the early Tang Dynasty and the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Relying on his sincere pursuit and high fighting passion, he finally used theory and practice to eliminate the palace style poetry. The turbid dirt opened up the road to the prosperous Tang Dynasty. (End)
The poem is about climbing up the Jibei Tower in Youzhou and looking into the distance, feeling sad. He expresses his lament about "not being born in the right time" with "the mountains and rivers remain the same, but the characters are different". The language is unrestrained and contagious. In terms of artistic expression, the first two sentences are about admiring the past and present, describing the length of time; the third sentence is about climbing the tower and looking out, describing the vastness and infiniteness of space; and the fourth sentence is about the poet's lonely and miserable mood. In this way, the front and back reflect each other, which is particularly moving. The sentence patterns are mixed in length, and the syllables are tight in front and relaxed in the back. Such changes in cadence and cooperation greatly enhance the artistic appeal. The short poem "Dengyouzhou Taige" has become a famous poem that has been passed down through the ages because it profoundly expresses the poet's emotions of being unappreciated, lonely and bored. The language is vigorous and unrestrained and full of appeal.
Chen Ziang is a scholar with political insight and talent. He was outspoken and dared to admonish, and often made critical comments on many bad policies of the Empress Wu Dynasty, but Wu Zetian did not accept them. He was once imprisoned for being "against the party". His political ambitions could not be realized, but suffered a blow, which made him feel very depressed.
"The ancients will never be seen before, and those who come after will never be seen." The ancients here refer to those wise monarchs in ancient times who were able to treat virtuous subordinates. "Jiqiu Viewing the Ancients and Giving it to Master Lu for Collection" and "Dengyouzhou Taige" were written at the same time, and their contents can be verified by reference. The seven poems of "Jiqiu Look at the Ancients" express infinite admiration for the historical deeds of the Warring States Period such as King Yan Zhao's courtesy to Le Yi and Guo Wei, Prince Dan of Yan's courtesy to Tian Guang and other historical deeds. However, the sage kings of the previous generation like King Yan Zhao were no longer visible, and the sage masters who followed him had no time to see him. He was really born at the wrong time. When he went up to the stage and looked out, he saw only the vast universe, and it lasted forever, and he couldn't help but feel lonely. , sadness came from it, and I shed tears. This article uses a generous and sad tone to express the poet's frustrated situation and lonely and depressed feelings. This kind of sadness was often shared by many people in the old society who had no talent, and thus gained widespread popularity.
This article is also excellent in terms of artistic expression. The first two sentences look down at the past and the present, and describe the long time; the third sentence climbs the tower and looks out, describing the vast space. In the vast background, the fourth sentence depicts the poet's loneliness, sadness and depression. The two contrast each other and are particularly touching. Reciting this poem, we will deeply feel a desolate and tragic atmosphere, as if a vast picture of the northern wilderness appears in front of us, and in front of this picture, stands a man with great ambitions who died because he had no way to serve the country. The image of the poet who felt lonely and sad was deeply moved by it.
In terms of diction, this poem is deeply influenced by "Chu Ci", especially the "Yuan Yu" chapter. There is a saying in "Yuanyou": "But the infinity of heaven and earth makes me sad for the long and hard work of life. I can't reach those who have gone by, and I don't hear those who come." The sentences of this article are transformed from this, but the artistic conception is even more vast and powerful.
At the same time, in terms of sentence structure, Chu Ci style syntax with mixed long and short words is adopted. The first two sentences have five words each, and three pauses. The formula is:
Before - not seen - the ancients, behind - not seen - the coming ones;
The last two sentences have six words each, four pauses. , the formula is:
Thinking of ─ heaven and earth ─ for a long time, alone ─ sad ─ and shed tears.
The syllables of the first two sentences are relatively rapid, conveying the poet's feeling of depression and injustice when he was born at the wrong time; the last two sentences each add a dummy word ("zhi" and "er"), and there is an extra pause, so the syllables are more comfortable. Xu Liuliu showed his helplessness and sighing. The length of the syntax before and after the whole article is uneven, and the syllables change in pitch and pitch, and they cooperate with each other to enhance the artistic appeal.
"The ancients will never be seen before, and those who come after will never be seen." The meaning of these two sentences is: The ancient wise kings like King Zhao of Yan who were able to treat the virtuous and appoint people to their merits will never be seen again; and the future that I long for appears in my heart. The virtuous people have not yet appeared. The "predecessor sages" are far away, and the "late sages" are in the future. They were born at the wrong time, and the sorrow of not being able to find their talents is vivid on the paper!
"Thinking of the long journey of heaven and earth, I shed tears alone with sadness." means. It is: Thinking that the heaven, earth and the universe are so long and vast, and that a person's life is so short that he cannot make any achievements. I cried tears of sadness alone.
The word "nian" expresses the poet's vast spiritual realm, including the past and present of the universe; the word "independent" also exaggerates the indescribable loneliness and sadness in the poet's heart. , based on the infinite emotion caused by the present and the past, it profoundly reveals the repressed situation of upright, talented and troubled intellectuals in feudal society, and expresses their loneliness and depression when their ideals are shattered, which has profound typical social significance. .
The style of this poem is clear and vigorous. It is a pioneer of Tang Dynasty poetry with the "Han and Wei style". It has pioneered the way to eliminate the flamboyant and delicate formalist poetry style of Qi and Liang Dynasties. In terms of art, it has The artistic conception is vigorous and the vision is broad, making the poet's self-image more vivid and touching. Although there are only four short sentences, it shows us a majestic, vast and empty artistic picture: the tower is high, the poet is independent, facing the wind and looking into the distance, facing I am full of passion and thoughts about the majestic mountains and rivers of my motherland. The first three sentences of the poem are outlined in rough strokes, and are set off by the vast and vast universe and the vicissitudes of ancient and modern personnel as a profound and magnificent background. The fourth sentence is full of emotion and a volley of strokes, making the lyrical hero-the poet's generous and tragic self-image stand at the main point of the picture, and the picture suddenly becomes full of charm and brilliance. Reciting this poem, we will deeply feel the solemn and solemn atmosphere of Cangliang. It seems that a vast and vast picture of the northern wilderness appears in front of us. And in front of this picture, stands a man with great ambitions, but because of his failure to serve the country. The image of the poet who felt lonely and sad outside the door made him deeply moved by it.
1. According to Lu Zangyong's "Chen Family Biography", this poem was written after "Jiqiu Langu presented seven poems and prefaces to Lu Jushi for collection", and "he sang this poem with tears streaming down his face". Youzhou Terrace is Jiqiu, which was the old capital of Yan State during the Warring States Period (now in Daxing County, Beijing). The preface to the poem "Thistle" says: "At the age of Ding You, I marched to the north. Coming out of Jimen, I saw the old capital of Yan. All traces of its hegemony were gone. I sighed with emotion. Recalling the past of Lesheng, Zouzi, and all the sages. The tour was very prosperous. I wrote seven poems to express my ambitions and sent them to the lay people of Nanlu. There are also traces of Xuanyuan. The seven poems are titled: "Xuanyuan Terrace", "Yan Zhaowang" and "Le Sheng". , "Prince Yan", "Mr. Tian Guang", "Zou Yan", "Guo Wei". The seven poems were completed but the meaning was not fully exhausted, so he composed "Dengyouzhou Terrace Song" again.
2. Tang Mengqi's "Poems on Poems: Mocking Opera" records: "Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty tasted Xie Qing's "Moon Fu" and praised it for a long time. He said to Yan Yanzhi: 'Xiyi's work can be said to be unprecedented in the past and unprecedented in the future.' ". "Chu Ci·Yuanyou": "Only the infinity of heaven and earth, I mourn the long and diligent life. Those who have gone by are beyond my reach, and I will not hear those who come."
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