The poem Appreciation of the Poor inherits the poem "Are you Cold and Hungry" in Ode to the Poor, and first describes the state of poverty and hunger. The north wind is biting and near the end of the year. The old poet, unable to keep warm, can only bask in the sun on the front porch with coarse clothes. Looking up, the flowers that used to bloom in the Fourth Courtyard have disappeared, and the lush trees have become bare and withered. The first four sentences of this poem describe the image of a poor man living in the desert against the backdrop of the desolate scenery in winter. Cold attacks people, and hunger scorches them. The wine that the poet has lived with all his life, no matter how crooked the empty pot is, can not pour a drop; Food is the most important thing for the people, but it's time to eat. Look under the stove, all the fireworks are gone. Yixing is gone. Although there are many books, they can't satisfy hunger and keep out the cold. Let it be stuffed outside the table at will until the sky falls to the west, and there is no interest in studying it. Five to eight sentences come from hunger and cold, from scenery and emotion, which fully expresses the meaning of "not hungry and cold". As for the day after the sundial, it was another dusk and winter night. The poet didn't say how to get rid of it, but it's not hard for readers to imagine. Tao Qian in his later years was really miserable. The chaos in the world and the year of famine have turned his "content with poverty" as an ideal spirit into a harsh reality. The preface of his "Meeting Work" said: "The old valley has gone, and the new valley has not been boarded. It is quite an old farmer, but it is worth the disaster of that year. The sun and the moon are still lingering and the troubles are endless. Achievement at age is neither desirable nor desirable; Every day, fireworks will pass. I've been hungry since the tenth day. Years old, cloudless night, and I will be pregnant forever. Don't say it today, and I won't hear about it later. The situation described in this poem can be invented by each other. " Hunger drove me away, but I don't know why; Go to Sri Lanka, knock on the door, clumsy. The master will explain the rest, and the legacy will not be empty. The poem "Begging for Food" further describes the poet who "struggles with rice without bending over" and has to beg for a loan in order to survive. Poverty, after all, is not so easy to "sweet" and can no longer be indifferent. When Confucius was trapped in Chen, his money was cut off. "Followers are ill and cannot prosper. When Lutz saw it, he said, "Even a gentleman is poor! Confucius said, "A gentleman is poor, but a villain is poor. Confucius can be so poor and stable, but he is not a saint, so he can't help being as angry as Lutz. However, despite hunger and cold, despite injustice, the poet is still unwilling to abandon his "old way" and change his mind; So what is the poet's spiritual comfort? The last answer: I have been poor by many upright and upright "poor people" in ancient times.
By comparing Tao Qian's early poems in seclusion, we can understand the poet's mentality more clearly. The pleasure of "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely" in the poem "Drinking" has been replaced by the embarrassment of "pouring water into the pot and not seeing smoke from the kitchen". And the elegance of "Reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas" (Reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas) has also become a kind of "poetry and book stand outside, which will not be studied for a long time." So the scenery in front of us has also changed. Cold is not new to the poet, but at the beginning, "pine and cypress are in the East Garden, and the grass is not graceful;" The outstanding landscape of "frozen frost sees high branches" has been replaced by the desert depression of "the south garden is all over the United States, and the dead branches are full of the north garden". He has never felt that "in mid-May and June, a cool breeze came, lying under the north window, calling himself the Lord of the West" (Yan Zi and others are sparse). The poetic image of "holding the brown dew in front of the porch" shows that it was not only physical fatigue but also mental fatigue at that time. Perhaps unfortunately, poverty brought the innocent poet back to the ground from the carefree travel in the clouds, but it also enriched the poet's noble character; He became one of the few hermit poets in the history of China's poetry who truly deserved the name of being poor and sober. Although hunger and cold made him a beggar, it was not those petty bureaucrats Du Like You who kept him low-key, but those "simple-minded people" who lived with him day and night. Although the mental state is exhausted, the pride in the bones is undiminished. The last four sentences of this poem were written by Confucius in Cai Chen's dictionary, which has a particularly profound meaning. "I am not old in seclusion, and I have a lot of opinions." Literally, I didn't reach the spiritual realm of Confucius, so I looked ashamed; However, in view of his consistent thought that "it is better to help the poor than to burden yourself with compromise" ("Feeling that a scholar is not in line with Fu"), these two poems are really self-pity. Confucius has been running for his own way of benevolence and righteousness all his life, which, in the view of the most obedient Taoism in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, is an act of exhausting oneself with foreign things. On the positive side, chaos in the world is impossible, but we don't need to know what it is, so Zhuangzi said that "chaos in the world can't be compared with Zhuang language" and even thought that people in the country were like turtles in a cage. On the other hand, from a bad point of view, Zhuangzi even denounced Confucius as a man of fame and fortune by stealing his feet in Rong Lu. Judging from Yuan Ming's consistent attitude towards Confucianism, although the two sentences don't necessarily mean "stealing chickens and wasting rice", it is not difficult to taste that what Confucius did was unwise. So in the end, he didn't follow Confucius' wishes, saying that he should follow the example of Confucius' poverty and security, but should follow the example of all the nobles mentioned below to show that even if he is poor, he will not re-enter the WTO and confuse his "true meaning." Although poverty made Tao Qian descend from heaven to earth, it further purified his spirit. "Harsh as frost, you can see the lofty branches" is profound and clear, not only when he has no worries about food and clothing, but also when he sings these two poems. It was in this poor hum that he saw his lofty standards. It is also for this reason that although this poem is extremely hungry and poor, it gives people a feeling that it is not as cold and frugal as Meng Jiao and Jia Dao later, but shows a kind of purity? Lonely and clean posture, with lasting charm of deep feelings. Su Shi said Tao Shi? But in fact, reading this poem can help us understand.
This gesture charm of this poem is also due to the natural formation of structural language. Try to imagine. If you write cold after the first two sentences, then write hungry, which will inevitably lead to the feeling of promoting poverty and thrift. Meng Jiao's poems, for example, often list the state of hunger and cold, which is extremely poor and sour. Now finish writing cold, write two sentences about scenery, then write hunger, and then continue to write two sentences about poetry and books. This makes this poem look like a book, although it is written about hunger and cold, and it is understated by "tilting the pot" and "peeping into the kitchen". The moral after The Coffin of the Sun is that it is not a hole to see its own grace without revealing itself. I feel pottery when I look at it. What is more commendable is that although the above structure is ingenious, it is not a deliberate business income. Sitting on the front porch, you will naturally see the scenery. Drink and drink, and you will naturally think that only books are your companions. However, when you want to read, you suddenly feel depressed, which further expresses the poet's mood. Inadvertently, we saw the depth of the mystery, which is the artistic beauty of Tao poetry and its mysterious interest in content, which is beyond the reach of future generations.
Poetry: Poetry of the Poor Author: Wei and Jin Dynasties Tao Yuanming Poetry Classification: March, hardship, sympathy