However, there are also some speakers whose speeches are not literary at all. They are all in the vernacular, and they have never quoted ancient poems and famous sayings of contemporary celebrities. Even idioms, proverbs and allegorical sayings can't be found, which makes the audience feel like jazz wax and have no interest at all, just like eating a dish without salt or oil.
Why do different people speak the same topic, and the results are so different?
In my opinion, the main reason is that some speakers don't get into the habit of accumulating speech materials and don't recite some wonderful materials, which leads to the lack of language, especially impromptu speeches.
Since recitation is so important to the speaker, what materials should we recite to help improve the level of speech? What can I do to memorize these materials completely?
Friends who want to know how to solve these problems, please read on.
First of all, what is recitation?
Reciting, as the name implies, means reading something from a book without reading it. In other words, reciting is an upgraded version of reading aloud.
According to the degree, recitation can also be divided into two types: unskilled recitation and skilled recitation. Inexperienced recitation means that when reciting, you often get stuck and need to be reminded, or you have to glance at the book from time to time, or you have to close your eyes for a while before you can continue reciting. Reciting skillfully is like a spring, which gushes from beginning to end with almost no interruption. Of course, the so-called recitation here refers to the latter.
It can be said that recitation is one of the indispensable means to train eloquence. Because of good memory, you can recite many "good things" that you think are worth remembering. When your brain stores enough knowledge, you can not only come with your mouth open, but also your whole temperament has changed, which is what people often say: "Your mind is full of poems and books"; But if your mind is blank, no matter how eloquent you are, what you say is still meaningless. Without understanding, you are still a person who lacks eloquence.
Second, the role of recitation
The concept of reciting has already been mentioned. If you ask: What specific role does recitation have for a learner who wants to improve his eloquence? After the author's summary, there are probably the following four points:
1, cultivate sentiment and shape personality
Because the selected works are excellent works that have experienced historical and cultural precipitation and stood the test of the times, reading, understanding and memorizing these works will definitely help to cultivate sentiment and shape personality.
Why do you say that? Because when we enter the state and recite a work repeatedly, the central idea, paragraph arrangement, language style and other aspects of the article will be subtly understood and absorbed. For example, reciting Li Bai's poem "How the Yellow River water moves out of the sky and into the ocean, never to return" can make people more bold and free; Reciting Tao Yuanming's poem "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely" makes people more indifferent to Zhi Ming and more advocating nature.
2. Deepen understanding and improve memory.
As the saying goes, "If you read a book a hundred times, its meaning will show itself", which is true. Some classic works, even if they seem abstruse at first, are difficult to understand. After repeated reading and reciting, the articles read smoothly, and the general meaning is mastered. Therefore, after understanding the central idea of the article, individuals will be educated and inspired, improve their knowledge and understanding of things, have more confidence in life and love the world more. In this regard, Zhu's opinion is the most wonderful. He said: the method of reading is gradual, familiar and thoughtful, so that all its words come from my mouth and all its meanings come from my heart.
In addition, people's memory ability, like other abilities, such as communication ability and management ability, can also be improved through training and exercise the day after tomorrow. Psychological experiments have proved that when the purpose of human memory is clear, brain cells will be in a highly active state and will actively accept external information. The memorized information will be temporarily stored in the hippocampus, and the time spent there will increase from a few seconds to several weeks. Therefore, the purpose of memory is very clear, the number of reviews is also relatively large, and the material is memorized for a long time, even for a lifetime.
In a word, reciting classics for a long time not only improves the individual's understanding ability of classics, but also exercises his memory ability.
3. Cultivate language sense and improve eloquence.
Because in the process of reciting, the written works have been deeply understood, so those ingenious layouts, strict logical order, superb rhetorical devices and beautiful text collocation are all enlightening the hearts of the reciter, and whether they are preparing speeches or improvising, they all play a conscious role in learning and using. Over time, a lot of materials that can be referenced and consulted are naturally stored, and they are often used by speakers in daily life. And all this is difficult to do by analyzing written works or reading handwriting.
So reciting is one of the best ways to exercise eloquence. Especially with the improvement of expressive ability, not only will the phenomenon that words can't express meaning and meaning become less and less, but even when speaking extemporaneously, they can flow freely. No wonder Mr. Sun Zhu wrote the words "recite 300 Tang poems, even if you can't write them" on the title page when compiling 300 Tang poems.
4. Learn by rote and improve your writing.
It can be said that reciting famous works of past dynasties not only helps to improve eloquence, but also helps to improve writing ability.
Professor Zhang Wei of East China Normal University once said: Learning a language is a process from "death" to "living". If many things are "dead", practice makes perfect, and then they will gradually "live". What does this sentence mean? It refers to: rote memorization to a certain extent, it will "die" to "live". "Death" refers to the accumulation of original materials and the construction of personal language library. "Activity" means that after the material library has accumulated to a certain extent, there are so many materials that can be extracted by individuals in the writing process that the whole material library becomes "alive" instantly.
Third, the method of reciting
Memory, like painting and calligraphy, is not a natural gift, but the exercise the day after tomorrow is the most important. In order to master this method faster, let's learn some specific reciting methods first.
1, copy and recite
It is a method of memorizing materials by reading materials, oral materials and handwritten materials. The whole process, copy, read, read, copy, not long, read the part, copy the part, almost recite the part; Read Quan Yi, copy Quan Yi, and almost recite Quan Yi. In short, when you are ripe, it is a mantra. When you are ripe, it is easy to recite the full text. This recitation method belongs to understanding memory.
2. Recite by segments
That is, divide the whole material into several paragraphs, first read the first sentence of the first paragraph, then read the first sentence and the second sentence of the first paragraph together after reciting the first sentence, that is, recite the first sentence and the second sentence together, and so on until the whole material is memorized. This method of reciting belongs to mechanical memory.
Step 3 recite the whole article
Is to remember the whole material as a whole. The specific process is: first read the whole material from beginning to end, and get a preliminary understanding of the context of the article and the author's ideas. The first time, I have no memory at all, but after reading repeatedly and further understanding the overall meaning of the article, I can recite the whole material through understanding. This method is more suitable for short passages and belongs to understanding and memory.
Fourth, the level of reciting.
After introducing the three methods of reciting, the author thinks it is necessary to list the five levels of reciting and the corresponding quality requirements, so that when we start training, we will be very clear in our hearts: what kind of works should be recited first, how many words should be recited first, and so on. The author concludes that recitation has five levels, namely:
1, entry level.
The target is an eloquence lover who has just begun to learn to recite;
The selected reciting materials are generally five-line or four-line poems, such as Wang Zhihuan's In the Heron Tower and Zhang Ji's a night-mooring near maple bridge.
The number of words is about 20-28. It is worth noting that when you first learn to recite, you can't choose too long works, lest you can't recite them and stick to them;
Recitation requires clear articulation and fluent language.
2, rookie level.
For eloquence lovers who like to recite;
The selected reciting materials include ancient poems with five or seven rhythms, short ancient words and so on. For example, Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain, Cui Hao's Yellow Crane Tower, Su Shi's Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia, etc.
The number of words is about 40- 140 words;
Reciting requires not only clear articulation and fluent language, but also standard pronunciation.
3, master.
The goal is a speaker with good reciting ability;
The selected reciting materials are generally long ancient poems, modern poems and so on. For example, Cao Cao's short songs, Zhang's moonlight on the spring river, Xu Murong's flower trees and so on.
The number of words is about 150-300 words;
Reciting requires not only clear articulation, fluent language and standard pronunciation, but also intonation.
4. Expert level.
The goal is a speaker with very high reciting ability;
The selected reciting materials include ancient prose and modern long poems. For example, Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden and Shu Ting's To the Oak Tree;
The number of words is about 300-500;
When reciting, you should not only enunciate clearly, speak fluently, have standard pronunciation and intonation, but also be full of emotion.
5. master.
The goal is a speaker with super reciting ability;
The selected reciting materials include long poems, famous sayings, aphorisms and so on. For example, Zhuge Liang's Model and Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting.
The number of words is generally more than 500 words;
Reciting requires not only clear articulation, fluent language, standard pronunciation, cadence, emotion, but also appeal.
Fifth, the training method of reciting.
The main contents of recitation eloquence training method are: the formulation of long-term recitation plan and the recitation steps of individual materials. The author now introduces them one by one.
1, formulation of long-term recitation plan
Generally speaking, if you really want to improve your eloquence by reciting beautiful materials and accumulating a spoken language library, and achieve the effect of being eloquent and stunning everyone as soon as you take the stage, you must make a long-term reciting plan, such as a study plan in units of years or months. Why are you doing this? Because only with long-term planning, the materials we recite are systematic, hierarchical, diverse and comprehensive, and our knowledge accumulation will be more solid and comprehensive. For example, the following recitation plan.
2. Reciting steps of a single material
The first step is to find a favorite material, which can be Tang poetry, Song lyrics, ancient prose, modern poetry, a collection of famous sayings, or a speech. Of course, let's start with shorter materials, such as choosing a famous quote.
The second step is to read the material carefully. If there are unfamiliar new words and words, take out a dictionary or dictionary to understand their pronunciation and meaning.
The third step is to analyze the selected materials, try to figure out the author's writing intention and understand the author's thoughts and feelings.
The fourth step is to perform necessary artistic treatment on the selected materials. Such as finding pauses, stress, etc. It is helpful to express the thoughts and feelings of the original author more accurately when reciting.
The fifth step, start reciting, don't ask for sound and emotion first, just ask for accurate reciting of the materials.
The sixth step is to read aloud on the basis of memorizing the materials, and pay attention to the clarity and loudness of your voice at any time, and adjust your reading speed at any time.
Step seven, finish the previous steps and start reciting with full emotions, accurate pronunciation and moderate intonation.
Note: in this training process, it is best to have the guidance of teachers or the supervision of classmates, and the effect will be better.