1. Familiar with the general knowledge of poetry
An important feature of poetry is its rich imagination. Rich imagination can make the poet get rid of the shackles of real life and look at the past and future from a higher position than life; It can also strengthen feelings and add gorgeous colors to the work. Excellent poetry always has rich imagination, and only imaginative poetry can create novel and unique artistic images.
Another feature of poetry is strong emotional expression. Full of strong feelings is an important feature of poetry. The feelings of poetry can be expressed directly or indirectly, such as borrowing scenery to express emotion, asking for emotion, and expressing emotion according to things.
(3) distinctive rhythm and rhythm. The language of poetry is harmonious and pleasing to the ear. The musicality of poetry is mainly manifested in rhythm and rhythm. China's ancient metrical poems are very particular about rhythm and rhyme.
2. Have a general understanding of ancient poetry.
There are many kinds and forms of ancient poetry, which are generally divided into two categories: ancient poetry (ancient style) and modern poetry (metrical poetry). As long as the ancient poems rhyme, there is no strict requirement on the number of words, sentences and antithesis. Modern poetry, on the other hand, has quite strict requirements in rhythm, levelness, number of words, number of sentences and antithesis.
3. Feel the image of poetry
When a poet creates a poem, his thoughts, feelings and objective images are all merged into a poetic image through the intermediary of imagination. Readers should get an immersive feeling through the window of the poet's emotional world, reproduce the image created in the poem in front of their eyes with the help of association, imagination and implication, and deeply understand the ideological content in the poem in order to inspire readers. When appreciating, only by carefully understanding the image created by the poet can we grasp the theme.
4. Understand the artistic conception and feelings of poetry
The artistic conception of poetry is the artistic realm formed by the fusion of the life picture described by poetry and the thoughts and feelings expressed. In order to create a harmonious, perfect and vivid artistic conception, poets often combine lyric with scenery description and narration, and strive to achieve the realm of scene blending, using rhetorical devices such as metaphor, personification and exaggeration, as well as symbols, associations and imagination. Therefore, when appreciating poetry, we should also use these artistic means to understand the artistic conception created by the poet.
5. Taste the language of poetry
The linguistic beauty of poetry is embodied in exquisite beauty and musical beauty. Poems such as "Words are not astonishing and endless", "Singing one sentence at a time, twisting several stems and whiskers" and "Two sentences for three years, one song and two tears" are enough to show the painstaking efforts of the ancients in refining the language of poetry.
The language of ancient poetry also has the following characteristics:
There are many missing elements, which should be supplemented by appreciating poems.
(2) Due to the need of meter or rhyme, word inversion is very common.
(3) The allusions in poetry make poetry rich and short.
④ The language of poetry jumps greatly. To understand poetry well, we must accurately grasp the poet's ideas.
⑤ The specific words in poetry are lively.
⑥ Poetry pays attention to fluency, rhyme, strong sense of rhythm, catchy, easy to read and sing.
In short, the appreciation of poetry is inseparable from the understanding of "empathy". Feeling the image, understanding the content and evaluating the merits are inseparable and interactive.
Second, the steps and methods of appreciating poetry
1. Understand the superficial meaning of the work first.
① Understand the meaning of words. The meaning here refers not to the general meaning, but to the special meaning. First, it refers to allusions used in poems and songs. Only by understanding the meaning of allusions can we further understand the author's intention. For example, in "Join the Army", "Playing the Qiangdi Guan Shanyue more, without the worry of Mrs. Jin Wan Li", and "Guan Shanyue" is the allusion. Guan Shanyue was originally a poem of Yuefu in the Han Dynasty, which praised the sufferings and homesickness of the soldiers on the frontier. Here, the author uses "Guan Shanyue" to express these sorrows.
On the other hand, it refers to the contextual meaning of some words, which is often associated with some rhetorical devices. For example, the word "noisy" in "Red Apricot Branches in Spring" is no longer "noisy" in the general sense. The noise here vividly depicts the grand occasion of apricot blossom and the busy scene of bees flying and butterflies dancing on the branches. This "noisy" has a full and energetic meaning.
② Clarify the sentence structure. The language of poetry is concise, and sometimes the sentences are neatly aligned, paying attention to phonology, resulting in the following characteristics of sentences. One is to omit the jump and make necessary supplements; Second, the word order is reversed, which must be adjusted to the normal word order to be correct. The adjustment of word order is mainly based on the relationship between word meanings.
2. Then understand the deep meaning
① Understand the contextual meaning of poetry. Generally from two aspects. A. understand the relevant words in the context. B. understand it in connection with the historical background of the author or the event written. The meaning in the author's poems is not moaning, nor does it come out of thin air, but is felt, which is related to the author's situation and the background of his works. It can help us understand the deep meaning of poetry.
(2) Understand the artistic conception of poetry. The artistic conception of a poem is the fusion of the poet's thoughts, feelings and life scenes. To understand the artistic conception of a poem, we must first analyze what is described in the work and what scene is written, and then form a picture of that scene in our mind, and then imagine how the author will feel in it according to these pictures. So as to understand the meaning of artistic conception.
To understand and appreciate the artistic conception of a poem, the most important thing is to visualize the content described in the work and the picture of the scenery described in our minds, truly put ourselves in the author's shoes, and grasp the emotional tone of the author when writing the scenery, whether it is bright or high, dark or low, or several emotions intertwined, so as to accurately grasp the deep meaning of the poem.
3. Appreciate from an artistic point of view
Characteristics of language art. The common requirements of poetic language are refinement, implication and jumping. A. Refinement is to express as much content as possible with as few words as possible, and the language is accurate, vivid and vivid, which is the artistic feature of poetic language. B. Implicit. The language of poetry is generally not straightforward, nor is it straightforward to express feelings, but it is intentional and implicit, but it can be clear, clear, true and never naked.
2 artistic techniques. A kind of lyric way, there is direct lyric, that is, express one's mind directly and express one's inner feelings without any disguise. There are also indirect lyricism, that is, some borrow scenery to express their feelings, also known as expressing their aspirations by raising things, and feeling because of things; Some are sentimental and express their feelings in the narrative. The first is the expression. When appreciating poetry, we must find out what specific techniques the poet uses to express it. However, the techniques of expression often include using the verb to write the static, using the small to see the big, combining the virtual with the real, and some commonly used figures of speech: metaphor, analogy, contrast, exaggeration, metonymy, foil and symbol.
To sum up, the steps and methods of appreciating poetry are "surface meaning-deep meaning-expression skills". In order to be more intuitive and concise, the list is as follows:
Third, we must pay attention to appreciating poetry.
1. Distinguish categories
Different types of poetry have their own characteristics in expression, rhythm and prosody. According to the way of expression, it can be divided into narrative poems and lyric poems; According to the form, there can be ancient style (ancient poetry), metrical poetry, folk songs, Yuefu, etc. There are many categories in classical poetry and metrical poetry. Different categories have different forms and styles.
Appreciate artistic conception
The theme of poetry is usually expressed through artistic conception. Artistic conception is the artistic realm formed by the fusion of the author's thoughts and feelings with the life picture described. The way to appreciate the artistic conception is to grasp the picture and atmosphere of the poem and understand and feel what the "feeling" of "this person" is in this moment and this scene.
Speak like a book
The language features of poetry are vivid, concise and vivid. When appreciating, we must contact the theme of the whole poem, chew the taste repeatedly, deeply understand the meaningful words, and truly understand the author's various skills of refining words and meanings.
4. Identification technology
The imagery and lyricism of poetry are expressed through various artistic techniques, such as metaphor, interest, personification, exaggeration, duality, parallelism, contrast and repetition. To understand these skills accurately, it should be helpful to intervene in the situation.
Fourthly, the classification guidance of poetry appreciation.
1. Landscape lyric poetry (mainly pastoral poetry)
Appreciating landscape pastoral poetry is mainly grasped from three aspects.
First of all, we should appreciate the artistic conception of scene blending in poetry. The most commonly used artistic technique in China's ancient poetry is to express emotion by borrowing scenery, so there are some sayings such as "expressing emotion by borrowing scenery", "expressing feelings in scenery" and "melting feelings in scenery". Once the natural scenery is included in the poem, it will inevitably be branded with the poet's emotional color and serve to express the poet's specific feelings. For example, Li Bai's poem: "An old friend stayed in the Yellow Crane Tower in the west, and fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March. Lonely sails overlook the blue sky, but I can see the Yangtze River flowing in the sky. " In just four sentences, it is a good poem that blends feelings into the scene and contains feelings in the scene. The fireworks in the poem are full of sorrow, the lonely sail is full of regret, and the blue sky takes away endless thoughts. The poet's feeling of farewell jumped from the paper, revealed from every picture and deliberately appeared everywhere.
Secondly, understand the feelings expressed by poets when they write landscapes. Especially for some seemingly pure landscape poems, we should fully understand emotions. Such as Du Fu's poem: "Two orioles sing green willows, and a row of egrets go up to the sky. The window contains autumn snow in Xiling, and the Wu Dong Wan Li boat stops at the door. " Poetry is rich in color, vivid in poetry and full of images. Through the scenery described by the poet, we can easily realize the patriotic feelings of the poet who loves the motherland and mountains and rivers. But if we know that this poem was written after the Anshi Rebellion was put down, then this poem should also contain the hope of Vientiane's renewal and the joy of going downstream.
Appreciating poetry should judge the author's emotional sustenance, and the depth and distance of the poet's emotional sustenance should be clearly judged.
Finally, the writing skills and language features of poetry are deeply analyzed. There are many ways to write landscape poems. To sum up, it is mainly to pay attention to the author's observation angle and the way of describing the scenery. The angles are "high, low, prone, upturned, far, near" and so on; "Draw shapes, draw sounds, draw colors, draw states" and other methods. And some description skills are mainly manifested in the description of details such as "combination of static and dynamic, combination of reality and reality, contrast between light and shade"; And "Bi, Xing" and so on.
The linguistic features in poetry are mainly related to style, such as majestic, heroic, forceful, sad, sentimental and be immersed in love with children. Only through constant long-term reading, appreciation, analysis and understanding can we profoundly grasp the style and skills.
2. Poetry and Fu
Everything in nature is the object that the ancients like to chant, from mountains and rivers to flowers, birds, insects and fish, all of which are described by poets. Poets always naturally entrust their inner thoughts and feelings when describing sculptures in detail. Poetry with feelings is a good poem. Therefore, a poem about objects must express its will, otherwise it is not a good poem.
Appreciation of chanting poems should pay attention to the following characteristics,
1. Poems about objects must write the shape, color and pursuit of the objects to be chanted, but they are not only objective descriptions, but also not satisfied with the shape. Instead, they should go deep into the soul of the scenery, fully express its charm and character, and strive to be similar. The ancients pursued "never leaving" in writing poems about objects, that is, "never leaving the objects", that is, never leaving the surface of the objects. Both of them are "beautifully written" and should conform to the characteristics of the objects they chanted. Appreciating the poems chanting things, we should pay more attention to the characteristics of the poem "Music is wonderful".
Secondly, the description of things in object-chanting poems is inseparable from the poet's thoughts and feelings, and the appreciation of object-chanting poems must pay attention to the author's feelings. But there should be differences, because poets have their own experiences and sufferings; Interest, hobby; There are differences in personality, ambition, observation angle and understanding depth when writing poems. Even when describing the same thing and object, their feelings and feelings are often different. Appreciation must be "good at observation".
What needs to be reminded here is that not all object-chanting poems are full of the author's clear emotional sustenance.
Thirdly, the writing skills of chanting poems have the following characteristics. As far as the overall conception is concerned, the poems about objects are different in personification or metaphor, but they can all reflect that the poet's self-image is integrated into the object of singing, but the depth, meaning and clarity are different. Some objective poems about objects with unclear self-image are often expressed by some rhetorical devices. In addition, from the specific description method, the poet will not only directly describe the object of singing, but also indirectly describe it from the side, and fully show the temperament and charm of the object of singing by using the methods of setting off, comparing and holding things.
3. frontier poems
The school of "frontier poems" was mainly formed in the Tang Dynasty. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, a group of poets who mainly described frontier fortress life appeared and created a considerable number of frontier fortress poems, which were a wonderful work in China's ancient poems.
There are various forms and contents of the frontier fortress campaign. To appreciate frontier fortress poems, we should cut in from many angles, fully appreciate the overall style of the poems, grasp the style of the times and understand the author's feelings.
Because frontier fortress poetry is a literary work that can best reflect the rise and fall of the country's destiny, we must understand the author's characteristics of the times in order to understand the poetry content and the author's thoughts and feelings more accurately. Frontier poems are considered to be a basic part of the "Voice of the Prosperous Tang Dynasty", and many poems write that frontier soldiers are brave and indomitable; Even if you write hard battles, it is magnificent; Writing about stationing troops in distant places is also lively; Writing heroic sacrifices is also a death without regret ... In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, the national situation began to decline, and frontier poems were inevitably mixed with tragic and sad descriptions; In the Song Dynasty, the national disadvantage and the national disaster were rampant, which led to the feelings revealed in frontier fortress poems were mostly resentment of serving the country, sadness of homelessness, more sadness and more melancholy. To appreciate frontier poems, we must first grasp the author's creative background in order to be accurate and appropriate, otherwise it is difficult to really understand the different styles of the times.
Therefore, when appreciating frontier poems, we should pay full attention to the fact that any frontier poems have similar themes, but each poem has its own different thoughts and feelings. When we appreciate this kind of poems, we should be able to distinguish the subtle differences in the ideological content of each poem, so as to realize the true feelings in frontier fortress poems. The content of frontier fortress expedition poems is rich and colorful: some are eager to make contributions, some are full of blood to serve the country, some express the homesickness of soldiers and their families, some express the hardships of life beyond the Great Wall and the cruelty of successive expeditions, some are dissatisfied with the emperor's arrogance and resentment against the greed of generals, some are nostalgic for their hometown and relatives, and some marvel at the scenery of different Central Plains beyond the Great Wall.
The artistic styles of frontier fortress poems are also different, and some are bold and broad-minded, such as "drunk in the battlefield without laughing, fighting several times since ancient times"; Some are grand and sad, such as "the flag of the sun falls and the wind rustles in A?vagho?a", and some are euphemistic, such as "Oh, when will the Tatar army be conquered and when will my husband come back from the long battle!" Only through the subtle experience of poetry can we accurately understand the different artistic styles reflected by different times, different contents, different poets' different artistic accomplishments and different life experiences.
4. Remembering the past and reciting epic poems
China has a long history of thousands of years. Although history is like waves scouring the sand, countless predecessors have dominated the historical stage and left many brilliant achievements, which is admirable. How many lessons have been left, which makes people sad. Because of this, poets' poems describing historical stories and deeds of the ancients appeared as early as the Wei and Jin Dynasties, or even earlier, and it was not until the Tang Dynasty that they became a common practice, forming poems of nostalgia school. A large number of accomplished historians such as Liu Yuxi and Du Mu also appeared in the Tang Dynasty. Since then, nostalgia has become a dazzling and bright wave in the ocean of China's ancient poetry.
To appreciate the poems chanting for the bosom, we must solve the following problems: what are the ancients, their things and historical sites described by the poet; Why should the poet focus on writing such an ancient man and such an ancient story? What attitudes, viewpoints and understandings does the poet show in his poems in terms of description and lyricism? What ways and means does the poet express his attitude, viewpoint and understanding ... When reading a poem, he can better understand these and related issues, so he must appreciate any poem about nostalgia.
To appreciate nostalgic historical poems, we should do the following things well.
First of all, we must understand the historical facts written in poetry. We should have a certain understanding of the historical facts, people and events involved in poetry. In fact, this requires us to accumulate considerable historical knowledge. The more historical knowledge is accumulated, the easier it is to appreciate poems about homesickness. There was no distinction between literature and history. The relevant knowledge learned from history class, Chinese class and extracurricular reading in middle school should be a treasure house of historical knowledge in our minds. It should be noted that when reading poems about homesickness, we must pay attention to reading every annotation. This is also a golden key to reading and understanding the original poem. With historical knowledge, when we appreciate poetry, we will not go astray and take it for granted.
Secondly, we should accurately understand the true intention of the poet's poetry. Poets of all ages will express their ancient and secluded feelings about long-forgotten historical events, which must be related to reality or triggered by the media. For example, Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou in the Northern Song Dynasty. He went to a local place called "Chibi Collection" to pay homage to the ancient events. This poem "Red Cliff Collection" is said to be the ancient battlefield of Battle of Red Cliffs during the Three Kingdoms period, so it became the media that aroused the poet Su Shi's emotion. However, in actual history, Chibi Los Angeles is not the original battlefield of Battle of Red Cliffs. In addition, after Xin Qiji boarded Gubeiting in Jingkou, he also wrote a poem "Never meet each other and enjoy Gubeiting in Jingkou". In their poems, Sun Quan and Liu Yu insisted on taking Jingkou as a stronghold to fight against the northern enemy in history and won the victory, which is in contrast with the fact that the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty struggled to survive in the stormy weather today, but was full of enthusiasm but unable to serve the country, thus leaving this poem that will never be sung again. Gubei Pavilion in Jingkou is the medium that causes the poet to sigh.
Third, when appreciating poems chanting for the bosom, we should pay special attention to the thoughts and feelings in the poems. Generally speaking, poets and lyricists reminisce about the past and chant about history in the following ways: First, poets and lyricists are calmly and rationally thinking about history, but they are not among them. For example, Du Mu in the late Tang Dynasty tried his best to regret Xiang Yu's suicide in his poem Tiaojiangting. He wrote: "There are many talented people in Jiangdong, and it is unknown to make a comeback." But when Wang Anshi arrived in the Northern Song Dynasty, he felt that Xiang Yu's failure was a historical necessity. He wrote in the poem Tiaojiang Pavilion: "Although the children of Jiangdong are here today, are they willing to make a comeback for you?" Although the two poets have different views on the same historical fact, they have one thing in common: expressing their feelings, but putting aside their own affairs, they are both calm and objective. Another situation is to pay attention to the close combination of historical facts and reality while understanding feelings. The feelings reflected in it are either lamenting personal misfortune or attacking social reality and expressing our inner dissatisfaction. For example, Su Shi's Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia and Xin Qiji's Yong Yule Jingkou Gubeiting Nostalgia were mentioned earlier.
In the process of appreciating ancient poetry and feeling, there is another situation worthy of attention, that is, the poet just grasped some shadows in history and deliberately used the topic to play, which is to satirize the present masterpiece by now. There is a cloud in the poem: "It is appropriate to ask for a virtuous person to visit a minister, and Jia Sheng's tone is even more incoherent. Poor midnight is unprecedented, and Mo Wen people ask ghosts and gods. " Poets use poems to express different understandings and attitudes towards historical facts, and each has its own angle, from which we can appreciate his feelings. Another example is the story of "Zhao Jun went to the fort", which can be called "marriage" in history, and it varies from person to person. Du Fu's poem "The Tatar Song on the Yuqin" tells her eternal sadness. The poet unreservedly and profoundly expressed his deep sympathy for this beautiful girl who had married far away. Although what is said here is about Du Fu, there is no discussion outside the festival. Therefore, the objectivity of expressing emotions with historical facts still contains subjective colors. Similarly, in response to the historical fact that "Zhao Jun went to the fort", Wang Anshi said this: "You don't see Gillian, and life is frustrated in the north and south." Anyone with a discerning eye will know at a glance that Wang Anshi is "borrowing someone else's wine to pour bricks into his heart", and more emotion is to express his disappointment after being excluded. His writing is spicy and cold, and he is ruthless.
Therefore, facing the same historical facts and themes, we can reflect the moods of different people and situations from different angles. From the different emotional expressions of poets, we can see not only their different artistic skills, but also their different views on history and life.
Finally, when appreciating homesick poems, we should analyze the writing methods. Poetry creation can be divided into "conception" and "composition". In terms of conception, poems that recall the past can be described as a hundred flowers blooming, each with its own merits. Scenes with contrasting feelings, such as Su Shi's Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia, etc. Some of them are caused by discussion, such as the poem: "Six wonders come from Chen Pingji, and Wang Bait once heard of Jia. If you dare to borrow my body and go back to a foreign country, Korean parents will make peace. " Is to borrow the "Wang Zhaojun out of the fortress", to the Han and Yuan emperors' fatuity and incompetence. It can be seen that the discussion has caused the effect of nothing.
The composition of poetry creation has certain flexibility, either for positive description and contrast, or for indirect contrast, or for various rhetorical applications, or for lyrical direct discussion, and so on. Different writing styles are actually determined by the theme of poetry. Writing often reflects the poet's style. Appreciating ancient poems, we should also carefully appreciate the content in the analysis of specific poems, so as to understand the basic style of poems. Composition is the expression of style. Writing is closely related to rhetoric. Therefore, when appreciating nostalgic poems, we should pay special attention to the main people and things in the poems and the allusions closely related to these people. Without the appreciation of allusions, some poems lose all their meaning. For example, Xin Qiji always uses six allusions in his poem "Looking back on the past at Le Jing's mouth in Yongyu". If you don't know anything about these allusions, you can't appreciate them at all. On the other hand, if we know and master all the allusions in the words, we can better understand the conscience and purpose of the author's allusions and appreciate poetry much easier.
5, that is, sentimental poetry
The ancients often wrote poems on the topic of "that is, things", that is, they expressed their feelings inspired by a small matter. Generally speaking, there is no strict definition of the so-called "event poem" here. The reason why this kind of "poetry about things" is classified as a kind of poetry is to meet the needs of students' college entrance examination. Because in the college entrance examination, in addition to the above-mentioned poems with obvious characteristics, such as "writing scenery and expressing feelings", "chanting things and expressing aspirations", "fighting in the frontier" and "remembering the past and chanting history", there are other poems with different themes. For example, there are "farewell relatives, farewell friends, homesickness, farewell, where will you go, life sentiment, leisure ambition, traveling around the world, combining work and rest", and so on. These poems are likely to be selected as the examination questions for poetry appreciation in the college entrance examination, so they are specially a kind of chat and analysis guidance.
It is precisely because "poems about events" are often written with feelings because of a small matter. To appreciate this kind of poetry, we must first have a full understanding of what inspires the poet, so as to accurately grasp the connotation of quasi-poetry. For example, the Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Ji wrote a famous poem "a night-mooring near maple bridge". He once wrote a poem "The door is the thing": "The cultivator wants to chase the boat, the spring grass is green, and the fields are boundless. Try to go to Wumen to see the county and state, and there is new smoke in Qingming. " What happened in this poem lies in the first sentence: Because "Zhan Mu" means that farmers are expected to be called up and flee. From the poem, we can know that the poet "wants to go to Wumen", that is, he climbs the tower and looks at it from afar. Seeing that the countryside is deserted, "the spring grass is green" and the people are in poverty, he especially lamented that the policy of "supporting soldiers with agriculture" has brought endless suffering to farmers. If you know what it is, you will know what it feels like.
Another example is Su Shi's poem Rain on the Sand Lake. The preface to the poem says, "On March 7th, it rained on Shahu Road, and the rain gear came first, and all the peers were in chaos, so I didn't feel it at all. It has cleared up, pretending to be like this. " It can be seen that the poet's lyric poetry is caused by such a trivial matter as "there is no rain gear on the road", which leads to his life feelings of "never wavering because of worry" ("rainy day lasts all his life") and "never getting carried away with joy" ("no rain and no sunshine"). The word "wind and rain" contains puns.
Appreciation is the feeling of poetry. When we really understand the causes of the poet's feelings, we must not be careless, but carefully distinguish the subtle differences. Because even very similar events, under different circumstances, under the pen of different poets, will have different feelings. There are countless poems with homesickness as the theme, and there are many different feelings. For example, Du Fu's Moonlit Night misses his wife and children in the scene of war and cold moonlit night. However, in Li Yu's "Waves on the Sand Rain Outside the Curtain", homesickness is an emotional expression of homesickness after waking up from a happy dream. In the poem "Spring Sound", which expresses Zhu Bian's homesickness, he reveals his expectation of returning home in a cold and cold environment. It can be seen that due to the different causes of sentimental poems, poets express different sighs and use different brushwork. When appreciating poetry, we should pay attention to "things".
After paying attention to "what is written", it is more important to grasp what kind of feelings the poet expressed through this matter. Appreciation of poetry is mostly appreciation of feelings. One of the important reasons why we use the word "sentimental poem" instead of "narrative poem" is decided by the director of the college entrance examination. Some poems that express feelings because of a little thing are biased towards narration. For example, there is a poem in Du Fu's "Three Jueju": "Twenty-one families entered Shu together, and only one remained. I said that my second daughter bit her elbow, but she turned around and cried at Qin Yun. " The poem describes the crying of a refugee, that is, 21 families fled to Sichuan to escape the war, and now only one person is left. Such a short narrative poem is indeed a masterpiece. However, this kind of narrative poem, which tends to be objective and the author himself has not entered the poem, is rare in ancient poetry circles, especially short metrical poems and quatrains. Because such people are few and far between, it is unlikely that they will be selected as the objects of appreciation in the college entrance examination.
The reason why it is called "lyric" is to pay special attention to the characteristics of "lyric" in poetry, that is, to pay special attention to the poet's own feelings directly expressed in poetry.
We should pay attention to three aspects when appreciating the poem "Sentiment".
First of all, we should distinguish the combination of "things" and "feelings" in poetry. Li Bai's "Smelling the Flute in Los Angeles on a Spring Night": "Whose flute flies in the dark and the spring breeze fills Los Angeles. In this serenade, I heard the willows, and no one can stand the nostalgia. " Write the story of flute flying all over the city first, and then write the deep affection for hometown. The poet's "hometown sentiment" was triggered by a song "Folding Willow", which is closely combined with "sentiment" and naturally appropriate. Let's take a look at Xin Qiji's poem "Lou Yu Xi Chun Fu Yun Shan": "Who pushes the mountain in the third watch? Looking up at the four directions is a cloud, guessing that it is a dry cloud. Usually relatively few peaks, they can't find them anywhere by the river. The west wind blew suddenly, and clouds floated by, and suddenly I saw a high mountain in the southeast. The old monk clapped his hands and laughed and praised each other, glad that Qingshan was still alive. " In the first film, I wrote something-thick clouds covered the mountains, but I couldn't see them when I found them. When the clouds disappeared, my joy was revealed. The combination of "things" and "feelings" contains ups and downs and swaying feelings, which can be regarded as a typical word for "borrowing things to express feelings".
Secondly, appreciation should accurately appreciate the "feelings" expressed by poets, especially those poems that are homesick, homesick, loving friends, leaving and wandering. Only by going deep into the poems can we get the gist. Generally speaking, sincere feelings can be passed down through the ages, so you should appreciate them with your heart. Li Bai's poem "To Wang Lun" is. "Li Bai was going by boat, and suddenly he heard singing on the shore. Peach Blossom Pond is deeper in thousands of feet than in Wang Lun. "Express sincere feelings in plain language. The ancients commented: "Wang Lun's affection for seeing each other off is very deep, and it is tasteless to say so. If you borrow the peach blossom pool to set off, there will be endless twists and turns. " He added: "Emotion depends on witty words." "Too white and unreal scenery, handy." Wait, it's all the deep feelings of poetry, so we should savor it carefully. For example, in the word "Tune the tune, send Zhang Demao and Qing Dynasty to Lu" (omitted), the poet despised the Jin people, so he took advantage of his friends to vent his opposition to the peace talks and express his belief in regaining lost ground, showing strong loyalty and heroism. The whole poem is grand, profound and full of emotion, and the "emotion" in the poem far exceeds the "event" itself.
Thirdly, the artistic technique of "emotion" in this kind of poetry should be discriminated. In ancient times, this kind of sentimental poem was often blurted out occasionally, or in a feast, it was rushed by with a wave of its hand, not as exquisite as some carefully carved poems. However, due to the poet's profound artistic foundation and long-term experience in poetry creation, he also showed superb artistic skills and superb personality style. Artistic skills are mainly manifested in conception, conception, language and rhetoric, so we must pay more attention to them.