Modern Han folk narrative poetry. Also known as "Anti Grain Biography". It was produced and spread in Chongyang, Hubei Province in the mid-19th century. Compiled by Sun Jingwen and others, published in 1957. ?
The poem tells the story of Zhong Jiu (an outstanding figure) in the Qing Dynasty who led a peasant uprising against grain. Fan Wenlan's "Modern History of China" records: "In 1841, Zhong Renjie from Chongyang, Hubei Province gathered thousands of people to revolt. He called himself King Zhong Qin and raised the red flag of the Commander-in-Chief Generalissimo. He was defeated and killed in the following year." The narrative poem starts with this. A historical event was used as the theme to create the image of Zhong Jiu, a peasant leader. ?
The narrative poem exposes the political corruption of the Qing Dynasty through typical examples of the Chongyang County Government's "grain house" at that time taking advantage of the villagers' "complete national lessons" to be greedy and plundering. "Grain houses" are rampant, and people are in dire straits. Jin Taihe, Zhong Renjie and other leaders complained to the government, but failed. They also complained to Wuchang. The governor ordered the Fu Yuan to hear the case and punish the "liangfang" for embezzlement. However, in feudal society, officials protected each other and established "grain houses", which squeezed the people even more harshly. Zhong Renjie gathered a crowd to smash the "food house" twice and led the uprising. The uprising team occupied Chongyang County and beheaded the county magistrate. The poem describes the scene of the victory of the uprising, which is magnificent and inspiring. ?
The image of Zhong Jiu in the narrative poem has typical significance. He is eager for justice, wise and courageous, strict in discipline, and powerful in all directions. Zhong Jiu is against "corrupt officials", but he believes in a good emperor. In order to prevent the people of Chongyang from suffering a bloodbath, Zhong Jiu "sat himself in a cage to face the saint." Corrupt officials assassinated Zhong Jiu on the way. ?
Zhong Jiu’s uprising failed, but his selfless spirit of sacrificing himself for others has always inspired farmers’ fighting spirit in Chongyang to resist the dark forces of the Qing Dynasty. ?
"Zhong Jiu Cao Cao" is circulated among the people in two ways: oral and handwritten. The poem is about 1,500 lines long, all in the form of a five-sentence folk song, with seven characters and five sentences as one section. The first four sentences are symmetrical, and the fifth sentence is an extension and deepening of the fourth sentence. Rhymingly, it often rhymes with the final sound of the fourth sentence. It is a typical narrative poem in the form of a five-sentence folk song. ?
Narrative poems circulated orally in Han areas are relatively rare. Zhong Jiu Nao Cao is considered to be one of the representative works of Han folk narrative poems in modern times. ?Edit this paragraph Zhong Renjie and his person
Zhong Renjie (1803-1842), also known as Zhong Jiu, was from Bainiqiao. He is a literary student in the county, his family is poor, and he makes teaching his profession. In order to support the kiln residents, Cheng Zhonghe accused the officials and gentry of prohibiting the masses from mining coal. He was dismissed by the officials and sent to Xiaogan County, where he soon fled back. Later, farmers were organized to resist the government's harassment many times, forcing the government to reduce taxes. ?
In the 19th and 21st years of Daoguang's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1839), Liaison villagers destroyed the grain house twice. The county's 48th confidentiality agreement was set to be held on the tenth day of the twelfth lunar month in the 21st year of Daoguang's reign. On time, the masses responded and besieged Chongyang County. At dawn on the 12th, the city was destroyed. Granaries were opened to distribute grain, prisons were broken and prisoners released. Wang Guangyu, the official historian of the Qing Dynasty, hanged himself, and the county magistrate Shi Changzhi was beheaded in public display. Zhong was praised by the public as "Generalissimo Qinwang", and Wang Dunzu and Chen Baoming were deputy marshals. Zhong gathered more than 10,000 people with the call of "Breaking through the city, there will be money and food; breaking through the mountains, there will be saltpetre and sulfur; breaking through Puqi, there will be battlefield; breaking through Xianning, go down to Wuchang, go down to Wuchang and become the king." ?
On the 17th, the Wang Dun tribe, Tan Jiuhai and others led more than 3,000 people to attack Tongcheng County, and Qingzhi County abandoned the city and fled. The Wangdun tribe of Zhongwei was the county magistrate, but Fulong was the commander-in-chief. He led more than 2,000 troops and attacked the Qing army barracks in Jiekou Cave of Shangta Temple and Shiyanfan in Pingjiang County, Hunan Province. After fierce fighting for several days, Pingjiang Flood Commissioner Wu Zhengtai was seriously injured, and his deputy, Ha Feng, fled to Jiangyuan Ridge. The rebels led their troops back to the county. ?
On the 27th and 29th, subordinates Tan Jiuhai and De Laowu were sent to Puqi Port and Guantang Station to seize 117 war horses. On December 30, more than 2,000 Jiujun troops attacked Tingsi Bridge at night. On the first day of the first lunar month of the 22nd year of Dao Maungan Ranguang, Zhong sent Jin Ruisheng, Lei Yiqing, Bai Qing and others to lead more than 2,000 rebels to attack Tongshan County in two groups. At that time, the Qing government had mobilized powerful troops to move in. The rebels stormed the Lei camp of the Qing army in Nanjing Bay on the outskirts of the county. The Qing army failed to support them and retreated to Xigang Bridge, waiting for a stubborn resistance. The two sides fought bloody battles until sunset. The Qing army was defeated and retreated to the city to defend the city. The rebel army continued to fight for 10 days but failed and withdrew the siege and returned to Chong. ?On the seventh day of the first lunar month, Zhong sent Chen Baoming, Jin Qingmao, Liu Laowu, Bai Qing and others to lead more than 4,000 rebels to attack Puqi County by land and water. At dawn on the 8th, the land and water forces met, and Puqi City was about to be broken. Qing reinforcements arrived from Xianning. The rebels were attacked from both sides and suffered many casualties. Generals Jin Maoqing and Liu Laowu were killed, and ships in the water were also destroyed. The rebels were furious and fought fiercely on several occasions on the tenth and eleventh day of the lunar month. Xiao Jun had already concentrated his forces for defense, so the rebels withdrew to Chongyang. On the 16th, Zhong Fu sent Baoming and others to attack Puqi. The city was well prepared and he led his troops back. ?The Qing court was horrified after hearing the news. Emperor Daoguang issued urgent edicts one after another and ordered the governor of Huguang to strictly guard the area. He also urgently mobilized the army of Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Gansu and other five provinces to suppress the attack. ?
On the 20th of the first lunar month, Huguang Governor Yutai and Admiral Liu Yunxiao, together with Hunan Admiral Taiyong and Deputy General Shuangfu, led more than 20,000 Qing troops to attack the rebels in four directions. Zhong divided his troops to meet the enemy, and camped step by step at Xiling, Heiqiao, Hongxia, Quangou, Jietou, Bainiqiao and other places. They fought desperately, but were ultimately defeated because they were outnumbered. On the 21st of the first lunar month, Zhong Renjie, Wang Dunzu, Chen Baoming and others were captured and died in Beijing on April 28th.
[1]?Reference materials?
1. ? "Zhong Jiu Cao Cao" Zhong Jiu?. Sina Blog?[Citation date 2012-11-10]?. Extended reading:?