Creative background:
Jiang Xue was written during Liu Zongyuan's exile in Yongzhou (805-8 15). During Yongzhen Yuan's reign (805), Liu Zongyuan participated in Yongzhen Reform initiated by Wang Group, and carried out political measures to restrain internal officials, control foreign countries and safeguard national unity.
However, due to the joint opposition of reactionary forces, the reform soon failed. Liu Zongyuan was demoted to Yongzhou Sima and exiled for ten years. In fact, he lived a life of "prisoner" under control and house arrest. The oppression of the sinister environment did not crush him. Being at a political disadvantage, he expressed the value and ideal interest of life through his poems. This poem is one of the masterpieces.
Original poem:
Jiang Xue in Tang Dynasty: Liu Zongyuan
There are no birds flying over those mountains, and there are no traces of people in those paths.
A boat on the river, a fisherman wearing his webworm moth; Fishing alone is not afraid of snow and ice.
Explanation:
Birds and mountains are all extinct; All the roads, no sign of anyone.
Alone on the river, fisherman Dai Li; Fishing alone is not afraid of ice and snow.
Precautions:
1, absolutely: no, no.
2, 10,000 roads: virtual refers to thousands of roads.
3. Footprints: human footprints.
4. Loneliness: Loneliness.
5. su ū li: hemp fiber and hat: hat made of bamboo strips.
6. independence: loneliness.
Brief introduction of the author;
Liu Zongyuan (773-819) was born in Hedong (now Yuncheng, Shanxi) and was known as "Liu Hedong" in the world. In the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793), he was a scholar, and was awarded the orthography of Jixian Hall, transferred to Lantian Wei, and worshipped the imperial history. After the failure of "Yongzhen Innovation" due to his participation in Wang Group, he was demoted to Yongzhou Sima. Ten years later, it moved to Liuzhou for secretariat, so it was also called "Liu Liuzhou". Died of illness. Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu advocated the ancient prose movement and called it "Liu Han". His poems and Wei's are called "Liu Wei". There is Liuhe East Collection.
Extended data:
In Yongzhenyuan, Liu Zongyuan participated in the political reform movement headed by Wang. Because of the joint counterattack of conservative forces and eunuchs, the innovation failed. Therefore, Liu Zongyuan was relegated to Yongzhou, which is known as the "Southern Wilderness". So he wrote this famous poem with resentment.
What the poet shows his readers is this: the world is so pure and silent, spotless and silent; The fisherman's life is so noble, and his character is so aloof. In fact, this is a fantasy realm created by Liu Zongyuan because he hated the declining society of the Tang Dynasty at that time.
In order to highlight the main description object, the poet did not hesitate to describe its background in half the space, and made the background as broad as possible, almost to an infinite extent. The wider the background, the more prominent the main description object.
First of all, the poet used the words "Qianshan" and "Wanjing" to set off the following two pictures of "boating alone" and "fishing alone". Without the words "thousand" and "ten thousand", the words "loneliness" and "independence" at the back will appear bland and uninspiring.
Secondly, birds flying on the mountain and people walking on the road are very common things and the most general image. But the poet put them under the "Qianshan" and "Wanjing" and added the word "absolutely" and "extinct", which suddenly turned the most common and summarized dynamic into extreme silence and absolute silence, forming an unusual scene.
In this poem, everything is snowy, the mountains are snowy, the roads are snowy, and "Qian Shan" and "Wanjing" are snowy, making birds fly away and people disappear. Even the awning and fisherman's hat are covered with snow. But the author did not explicitly associate these scenes with "snow".
On the contrary, in this painting, there is only Jiang and only Rulu. Of course, the river will not store snow, and it will not be covered by snow. Even if it falls into the river, it will immediately become water. However, the author only used the word "cold river snow" to connect the two farthest images, giving people a vague, distant and narrow feeling and forming a long-distance lens.
This makes the main object described in the poem more concentrated, dexterous and prominent. Because even the river seems to be covered with snow, even the places where there is no snow are covered with snow, which completely describes the dense and thick snow and completely sets off the atmosphere of water and sky.
As for the word "cold" used above, it is of course to point out the climate; But the poet's subjective intention is to write the fisherman's spiritual world quietly. Imagine, in such a cold and quiet environment, the old fisherman is not afraid of the cold and the snow, forgetting everything and devoting himself to fishing. Although his body is lonely, his personality is lofty and aloof, even a little awe-inspiring.
This illuminated and beautified image of the fisherman is actually the sustenance and portrayal of Liu Zongyuan's own thoughts and feelings. It can be seen that the word "Hanjiangxue" is the "finishing touch", which organically links the front and back parts of the whole poem, forming a concise and general picture and shaping a complete and prominent image of the fisherman.
Describe the background in a concrete and meticulous way, and depict the subject image in a long-distance picture; Fine and extremely exaggerated generalizations are intricately unified in a poem, which is the unique artistic feature of this landscape poem.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Jiang Xue (Liu Zongyuan's five-character quatrains in Tang Dynasty)
Baidu Encyclopedia-Liu Zongyuan (writer, thinker, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties)