Farewell across Jingmen
Li Bai
Crossed the distance outside Jingmen. Coming from Chu State,
the mountains end with the plains, and the river flows into the wilderness.
Under the moon, there is a flying mirror, and the clouds are forming a sea tower.
I still feel sorry for the water in my hometown, and send my boat sailing thousands of miles away.
Notes
1. Jingmen: Jingmen Mountain is located in the northwest of Yidu County, Hubei Province, on the south bank of the Yangtze River. It faces Huya Mountain on the north bank across the river. The situation is dangerous. Chu and Shu have existed since ancient times. The name of the throat.
2. Chu State: The land of the ancient Chu State, generally referring to the present-day Hubei and Hunan areas.
3. Wilderness: a vast and boundless wilderness.
4. Hailou: mirage, which describes the beautiful scene of clouds on the river.
5. Pity: love.
6. Hometown water: refers to the Yangtze River water flowing from Sichuan. Because the poet has lived in Sichuan since he was a child, he calls Sichuan his hometown.
Test questions
(1) Please write sentences that express the author’s thoughts and feelings.
(2) The couplet "The mountains follow the plains and the rivers flow into the wilderness" has always been praised by people. Please choose an angle to appreciate.
(3) Regarding this poem, Shen Deqian of the Qing Dynasty once commented: "There is no farewell in the poem, and the word 'farewell' in the title can be deleted." Judging from the whole poem, you agree with him. Argument? Why?
(4) The end of this poem uses personification to express the author’s thoughts and feelings?
(5) What kind of scene does the poem "The mountains end with the plains, and the river flows into the wilderness" describe to us? Please describe it (within 100 words).
(6) Appreciate the beauty of the word "send" in the last couplet of this poem.
Reference answers
(1) I still pity the water of my hometown and send my boat sailing thousands of miles away.
(2) Answer examples:
① Painting artistic conception: The vast rolling mountains extend with the plain wilderness. Gradually disappearing without a trace, the Yangtze River flows thousands of miles towards the vast and boundless plains. The author shows us a majestic picture of the Yangtze River.
② Appreciation words: "Sui" shows the gradual change and movement of the mountains and plains, writing a sense of space and flow: "Enter" renders the majestic momentum of the rushing river, showing The poet's broad mind.
④ Writing skills: The method of borrowing scenery to express emotion is used to express the author’s joy and excitement when he first came out of Jingmen. It is also a portrayal of the poet's broad mind, cheerful mood and vigorous vitality.
(3) Shen Deqian’s statement is reasonable. There is indeed no intention of saying goodbye to friends in the poem. Judging from the content of the poem, "farewell" should be the author's farewell to his hometown, so it is more appropriate to delete the word "farewell".
(4) The author empathizes with things. On the surface, he writes that the river is sending him away, but in fact, he misses his hometown. (3 points)
(5) The poet took a boat down the river, and the rolling mountains on both sides accompanied the boat like a picture scroll. They disappeared in the vast wilderness; the mighty Yangtze River The water rushed forward and flowed into the vast wilderness, and his vision suddenly broadened. (2 points for being able to describe the scene clearly and with fluent language)
(6) The word "send" directly points to the question (deduct the question), (1 point) The subject of "send" is the landscape of hometown, using personification The rhetorical technique vividly and implicitly expresses the author's attachment to his hometown. (1 point)
Two:
1. From the perspective of expression, the first couplet of the poem belongs to ________, which explains the ___________ of the journey and the ___________ of this trip .
2. What kind of picture does the poem’s couplet describe? From what perspective is it written? Rewrite these two lines of poetry using prose language.
3. Is the descriptive perspective of the neck couplet the same as that of the chin couplet? What is the difference between the description angles of these two sentences? What do the "sky mirror" and "sea tower" in the poem refer to respectively? Rewrite these two lines of poetry using prose language.
4. What rhetorical techniques are used in the last couplet of the poem? What thoughts and feelings does the author express? Why does the poet call the Yangtze River water he faces "hometown water"? The word "Wanli" corresponds to which word in the first couplet of the poem?
Reference answers:
1. Narrative. Location and purpose
2. The couplet describes the geographical situation and magnificent scenery of Jingmen. It is described from a dynamic perspective (the poet takes a boat, and the mountains and rivers gradually move away as the boat moves).
The continuous mountains disappeared with the appearance of the plains; the rivers rushed into the endless wilderness.
3. Different. The chin couplet depicts the scene from a dynamic perspective, while the neck couplet is written from a static perspective. "Tianjing" refers to the moon, and "Hailou" refers to the clouds.
Looking up at the sky thousands of miles away, I saw only a bright moon, like a mirror flying down from the sky, bright and clear, illuminating the earth. The colorful clouds floating in the blue sky suddenly connected together to form a spectacular mirage.
4. Personification of rhetoric. It expresses the author's attachment to his hometown and his feelings of leaving home. The reason why the poet calls the water of the Yangtze River his hometown water is because he grew up in Shu (Sichuan) and the Yangtze River flows through Sichuan to express his deep love for his hometown.
Three:
1. One incorrect item in the appreciation of this poem is ( )
A. This is a five-character poem, with the middle two The couplets are not only neatly contrasted, but also written in a realistic and picturesque way, just like a long-axis landscape painting of the Yangtze River emerging from the gorge and crossing Jingmen.
B. The two chin couplets describe the momentum of the rushing river. The scene also contains the poet's joyful and cheerful mood and the vigorous vitality of youth.
C. The last couplet writes that the water of hometown reluctantly sent Li Bai along on his journey, which not only clarifies the title, but also expresses the deep affection of the hometown people.
D. The whole poem is a blend of scenes and unique imagination, revealing the poet's heroic spirit and romantic feelings.
2. What expresses the author’s nostalgia is _________, ____________.
3. The sentences describing the scene are _____, _______, _________, __________. They are depicted in ____________ order.
4. Find your favorite verse and explain why.
Answer:
1.C
2. “I still pity the water of my hometown, and send my boat sailing thousands of miles away.”
3. “Mountain With the end of the plains, the river is full of people. Under the moon, there are flying mirrors, and the clouds are forming sea towers.
4. "The mountains end with the plains, and the river flows into the wilderness." The previous sentence vividly describes the unique scenery on both sides of the Yangtze River after the boat leaves the Three Gorges and crosses Jingmen Mountain: the mountains gradually disappear, and the endless low and flat wilderness is in front of you. It cleverly depicts the static mountains into an moving picture full of movement and space. The last sentence describes the momentum of the rushing river and the vast and distant scenery of the plains and wilderness in the Jingmen area. These two sentences vividly describe the fresh feelings of people living in Shu when they first leave the gorge and see the vast plains. The scenery contains the poet's joyful and cheerful mood and the vitality of youth.
"The moon is a flying mirror, and the clouds are forming sea towers." First, the bright moon in the water is like a round mirror to reflect the calmness of the river, and then the clouds in the sky are used to form a mirage to reflect the vastness of the river bank and the high sky. The poet uses the technique of changing scenery step by step to depict the close and distant views of the Yangtze River from different angles. It is wonderful and colorful, and the artistic effect is very strong.
"I still pity the water of my hometown, and see me on my journey thousands of miles away." I don't directly express my longing for the hometown that raised me, but I say that the water of my hometown reluctantly sends me all the way, with deep affection. Deep friendship; seeing off the boat thousands of miles away, written from the other side, it becomes more and more obvious that I am homesick.
Four:
(1) The title of this poem is "Farewell", but judging from the content of the poem, we can't see who is bidding farewell. In connection with the artistic conception of the poem, in fact, the author It is the emotion expressed by the poet himself when he writes about farewell to the water in his hometown. The poem uses the unique scene description method, among which the neck couplet is , and the chin couplet is .
(2) The "Ping Ye" in the couplet refers to the "Ping Ye" in the poem, and the "Great Wilderness" refers to the "Ping Ye" in the poem.
(3) One of the following errors in the appreciation of this poem is ( )
A. The narrative in the first couplet directly follows the title of the poem, explaining the time, place, person and purpose of the farewell.
B． The chin couplet depicts the scene, in which one "sui" and "in" describe the magnificent scene of crossing Jingmen and entering the Chu land from a wandering perspective.
C. The neck couplet depicts two pictures: "the moon reflected in the water" and "clouds on the horizon", which cleverly incorporates the author's fresh and joyful feelings and experiences when he first saw the plains.
D. The last couplet shifts from admiring the beautiful scenery to a deep sigh of nostalgia, implicitly expressing the author's homesickness.
(4) In the following appreciation of this poem, one of the inappropriate items is ( )
A. This poem was written by Li Bai when he took a boat out of Shu to Jingmen. As the scenery in front of him changed, the poet naturally described the picture-like scenery, and his nostalgia for travel was all in the poem.
B． The chin couplet is exquisitely composed, with "sui" showing the gradual change and movement of the mountains and plains, creating a sense of space and flow; "entering" rendering the majestic momentum of the confluence of rivers, showing the poet's broad mind.
C. The neck couplet describes a vast and vast picture of the moonlit night and the sky, with bold and unique imagination, a sense of agility, and long emotional charm, expressing the poet's heroic mood and fresh feelings.
D. The last couplet shifts from appreciating the beautiful scenery to a deep sigh of nostalgia. It uses personification to implicitly express the poet's infinite attachment to the mountains and rivers of his hometown, and ends the whole poem with a lingering sound.
(5) Read the whole poem, develop associations and imagination, and describe the picture shown in the second couplet.
(6) The wording in this poem is very subtle. Please give an example.
(7) The couplet "The mountains end with the plains, and the river flows into the wilderness" has always been praised by people. Please choose an angle to appreciate.
Answer:
(1) Missing my hometown and loving my hometown. Combining the virtual and real scenes
(2) The Kingdom of Chu outside Jingmen
(3) A
(4) C
(5) The mountains gradually disappeared, and in front of us was the endless low plain, with the river rushing straight down, looking into the distance from Jingmen Going there seems to be flowing into the remote wilderness of the desert.
(6) The word "sui" turns static into movement, gradually changing and moving the positions of mountains and plains, truly expressing it, giving people a sense of space and flow. The word "end" expresses the sudden joy and cheerful mood of the poet who just came out of the Three Gorges. "下" is a verb. The moon has come down, and the image of the moon is like a mirror flying down from the sky. The imagination is strange.
(7) ① Artistic conception: The vast and rolling mountains extend with the plain wilderness. Gradually disappearing without a trace, the Yangtze River flows thousands of miles towards the vast and boundless plains. The author shows us a majestic picture of the Yangtze River. ② Appreciation words: "Sui" shows the gradual change and movement of the mountains and plains, expressing the sense of space and flow: "Enter" renders the majestic momentum of the rushing river and shows the poet's broad mind. ④Composition skills: The method of borrowing scenery to express emotion is used to express the author's joy and excitement when he first came out of Jingmen. It is also a portrayal of the poet's broad mind, cheerful mood and vigorous vitality.
Five:
1. Appreciate Li Bai's "Farewell at the Jingmen Gate" and answer the questions.
① This poem is a five-rhythm poem in terms of genre, and a farewell poem in terms of content. The rhetorical techniques used in the poem include metaphor, personification, and duality. ②The poem describes the scenery seen when passing through Jingmen and entering the Chu land: The mountains follow the plains and the river flows into the wilderness. The mirror is flying under the moon. The clouds are forming a sea tower. The poem that expresses the feeling of homesickness is still pity for the hometown and see off the boat thousands of miles away
2. The middle two couplets of this poem describe the scenery seen when the boat passes Jingmen, among which the words "sui" and "in" in the second couplet These two words are used well and have always been praised by people. Please briefly analyze the advantages of the word "sui".
Answer: A Sui Zi turns static into movement, gradually changes and shifts the position of mountains and plains, and truly expresses it, giving people a sense of space and flow.
3. This poem blends emotions with the scenery. What emotions does the poet express?
Answer: It expresses the poet’s deep affection for missing his hometown.
4. Read the whole poem, develop associations and imagination, and describe the picture shown in the second couplet.
The mountains gradually disappeared, and in front of us was an endless stretch of low plains. The river was rushing straight down. Looking from the distance from Jingmen, it seemed as if it was flowing into a vast desert wilderness.
5. The fourth couplet of the poem expresses the poet’s emotion (infinite attachment to his hometown (missing his hometown)).
6. The sentence describing the scene is "The mountains follow the plains, and the rivers are flowing with people. The sky mirror is flying under the moon, and the clouds are forming sea towers." It is described in order from far to near.
7. Find your favorite verse and explain why.
A "The mountains end with the plains, and the river flows into the wilderness." The previous sentence vividly describes the unique scenery on both sides of the Yangtze River after the boat leaves the Three Gorges and crosses Jingmen Mountain: the mountains gradually disappear, and the endless low plains are in front of you. of wilderness. It skillfully depicts the static mountains into an moving picture full of movement and space. The last sentence describes the momentum of the rushing river and the vast and distant scenery of the plains and wilderness in the Jingmen area. These two sentences vividly describe the fresh feelings of people living in Shu when they first leave the gorge and see the vast plains. The scenery contains the poet's joyful and cheerful mood and the vitality of youth.
B "The moon is flying in the sky, and the clouds are forming sea towers." First, the bright moon in the water is like a round mirror to reflect the calmness of the river, and then the clouds in the sky are used to form a mirage to reflect the vastness of the river bank and the height of the sky. The poet uses the technique of changing scenery step by step to depict the close and distant views of the Yangtze River from different angles. It is wonderful and colorful, and the artistic effect is very strong.
C "I still pity the water of my hometown and see me on my journey thousands of miles away." I don't directly express my longing for the hometown where I raised myself, but I say that the water of my hometown reluctantly sends me on my long journey with my heart in my heart. Deep affection and friendship; seeing off the boat thousands of miles away, written from the other side, it becomes more and more obvious that I am homesick.
8. The neck couplet changes the perspective and describes the close-up view of the Yangtze River: a flying mirror under the moon, clouds forming sea towers. Please talk about the artistic conception depicted in this couplet.
Answer: The "Flying Mirror under the Moon" is what you can see when looking down on a moonlit night. The bright moon is in the sky, and is reflected in the slow-flowing Yangtze River, as if a bright mirror flew from the sky. "Yunshengjiehai Tower" is what you can see when you look at it during the day. There are layers of clouds in the sky, forming a mirage. When there are many clouds, the sky is high and far away, which contrasts with the low and flat fields, the vast river banks, and the plain scenery on both sides. The natural beauty blends the fresh and joyful feelings and experiences of the poet when he first saw the plains.
9． Judging from the last couplet, is this farewell poem a farewell poem for a friend?
Answer: No, it’s to say goodbye to my hometown. The hometown water in the last couplet refers to the water flowing through my hometown, and the "Wanli Sending Boat" refers to the hometown water that now carries me on a long journey with deep affection. When the poet left his hometown for the first time, he was indeed a little reluctant to leave, but he didn't say anything. I dropped the pen and wrote from the other party, saying that the water in my hometown has feelings, and it is not far away, and attachment will not send me, who is far away from my hometown, to Chu land.
10. What scene is written in "Farewell at Dujingmen"? Judging from this poem, is it a farewell to a friend?
Answer: Describing the scenery seen when the boat passed Jingmen implicitly expresses the attachment to hometown.
No, it’s about saying goodbye to my hometown. The water in my hometown is affectionate, and it’s not far away. I reluctantly say goodbye to the wanderers who are far away, and the wanderers feel homesick.
11. Can you imagine that the couplet "The mountains follow the plains and the rivers flow into the wilderness" has always been praised by people. Please choose an angle to appreciate it.
Angle 1: Please tell me what kind of picture this poem depicts?
Answer: (Appreciation from the perspective of artistic conception) The vast and undulating mountains gradually disappear without a trace as the plains and wilderness extend, and the Yangtze River flows thousands of miles towards the boundless and vast plains. The author shows us a majestic picture of the Yangtze River.
Angle 2: Please appreciate the word "sui" and "enter" in "The mountains follow the plains and the fields end, and the river flows into the wilderness."
Answer: (Appreciation from the perspective of language) The word "Sui" expresses the gradual change of the position of the mountains and plains, and the movement creates a sense of space and flow; the word "Ru" renders the majesty of the rushing river. The magnificent momentum shows the poet's broad mind.
Angle 3: Please tell me what kind of writing technique is used in "The mountains follow the plains and the rivers flow into the wilderness"? What kind of emotion is expressed? (Appreciation from the perspective of writing skills)
Answer: The writing technique of borrowing scenes to express emotion is used to describe the author’s joy and excitement when he first came out of Jingmen. It is also a portrayal of people's broad-mindedness, cheerful mood and vigorous vitality.
12. Can you tell me what kind of artistic conception the neck couplet depicts?
Answer: "The moon is a flying mirror, and the clouds are forming sea towers." The bright moon in the water is like a round mirror to reflect the calmness of the river; and then the clouds in the sky form a mirage to reflect the vastness of the river bank and the height of the sky.
The poet uses the technique of changing scenery step by step to depict the close and distant views of the Yangtze River from different angles, which are wonderful and colorful. At the same time, he also expresses the poet's joy and freshness when he saw the scene.
13. What kind of emotion does the last couplet express?
Answer: "Still pity the water of my hometown, seeing off the boat thousands of miles away." It expresses the author's deep homesickness.
Yun Translation
From Xishu outside Jianmen, I went eastward along the river.
I came to the territory of Chu for a trip.
The mountains gradually disappear as the wilderness appears.
The Yangtze River enters the wilderness and flows slowly.
The reflection of the moon in the river is like a flying sky mirror,
The clouds forming the city wall create a mirage.
I still love the water from my hometown.
My boat continues to drift after thousands of miles.
Appreciation
This poem was written by Li Bai when he came out of Shu. Jingmen, also known as Jingmen Mountain, is located in the northwest of Yidu County, Hubei Province, on the south bank of the Yangtze River. It faces Huya Mountain on the north bank across the river. The situation is dangerous and has been known as the throat of Chu and Shu since ancient times.
Li Bai left Shu this time and took a long boat ride by water, passing through Bayu, out of the Three Gorges, and headed straight beyond Jingmen Mountain. The purpose was to visit the hometown of the Chu Kingdom in Hubei and Hunan. "Crossing the distance outside Jingmen, coming to travel from the state of Chu" refers to this grand tour. At this time, the young poet was very interested. He sat on the boat and admired the towering mountains on both sides of Wushan Mountain. Along the way, the scenery in front of him gradually changed. When the boat passed the Jingmen area, it was already a plain wilderness, and the field of vision suddenly broadened. Scenery: "The mountains end with the plains, and the river flows into the wilderness."
The previous sentence vividly depicts the unique scenery on both sides of the Yangtze River after the boat leaves the Three Gorges and crosses Jingmen Mountain: the mountains gradually disappear, and the eyes are boundless. The low plains. It is like a set of moving pictures captured with a movie lens, giving people a sense of flow and space, imitating the motion of static mountains.
"The river flows into the wilderness" describes the momentum of the river flowing straight down. Looking from the distance from Jingmen, it seems to flow into the vast wilderness of the desert, showing a vast sky and a lofty realm. The last sentence contains the word "enter", which penetrates the back of the paper, and the wording is appropriate. The scenery contains the poet's joyful and cheerful mood and the vitality of youth.
After writing about the mountains and flowing water, the poet used the technique of changing scenery step by step to describe the close and distant views of the Yangtze River from different angles: "Under the moon, there is a flying mirror, and clouds form sea towers."
The Yangtze River flows below Jingmen. The river course is tortuous and the flow rate slows down. At night, when the river surface is calm, looking down at the reflection of the moon in the water is like a bright mirror flying from the sky; during the day, looking up at the sky, clouds rise and change endlessly, forming a mirage-like spectacle. This is the wonderful scenery that can be seen from the high air of the vast plains around Jingmen and the calm river surface. For example, in the Three Gorges with high mountains and lofty mountains, there is no moonlight at midnight, the summer water is in the mountains, and the water on the river is turbulent. It is difficult to see the image of the "Flying Mirror under the Moon" in the water; in the Three Gorges where the sky and the sun are hidden, There is no space to see the wonder of "Yunsheng Jiehai Tower". In this couplet, the moon in the water is as bright as a round mirror to reflect the calmness of the river, and the clouds in the sky form a mirage to reflect the vastness of the river bank and the highness of the sky. The artistic effect is very strong. The two couplets on the jaw and neck vividly describe the fresh feelings of people living in Shu when they first left the gorge and saw the vast plains. When Li Bai was admiring the scenery around Jingmen, facing the surging river flowing through his hometown, he couldn't help but feel homesick: "I still pity the water in my hometown, and I see it off for thousands of miles."
”
The poet started reciting Liujia at the age of five until he traveled to Jingmen at the age of twenty-five. He has been living in Sichuan, studying on Daitian Mountain, visiting Emei, living in seclusion in Qingcheng, and admiring the mountains and rivers of Sichuan. Water has deep feelings, and the Shu land that the river flows through is the hometown where he was raised. How could he not be infinitely nostalgic and reluctant to leave after the first separation? But the poet does not say that he misses his hometown, but talks about the water of his hometown. Reluctantly sending me away on my long journey, with deep affection, I wrote from the opposite side, which made me more and more homesick. The poem ends with a strong sense of nostalgia and farewell, and the words in the poem's title are endless. "Farewell" should be about bidding farewell to hometown rather than farewell to friends. There is no farewell mood in the poem. Shen Deqian of the Qing Dynasty believed that "there is no farewell meaning in the poem, and the two words in the title can be deleted" ("Tang Poetry Farewell"). This is not the case. It makes no sense.
This poem has a lofty artistic conception, a vigorous style, a majestic image, and a magnificent imagination. "The mountains follow the plains, and the river flows into the wilderness." It is written in a realistic and picturesque way, like a picture of the Yangtze River emerging from the gorge. The long-axis landscape painting of Dujingmen has become a popular saying. If it is said that an excellent landscape painting "should be judged by thousands of miles", then this magnificent and majestic five rhymes can also be said to be able to see the big from the small, one to ten, and rich in capacity. The scenery encompassing tens of thousands of miles of mountains and water flows in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River has a highly concentrated artistic summary.