Du Fu
Put your hand on the cloud and cover your hand with rain.
There is no need to count them.
Didn't you see that when Guan Bao was poor,
This method has been abandoned by people now.
First, matters needing attention:
Poor shore: a poem describing a poor and humble friend. Poor friends, the old song says, "When you pick sunflower, you won't hurt your roots. If you hurt your roots, sunflower will not grow." . Don't be ashamed of being poor, nor should you be ashamed of being poor. "You can only meet your true friends when you are poor, but your friends are not necessarily reliable when you are rich.
2 superposition: upside down.
③: Refers to Guan Zhong and Bao. Guan Zhong befriended Bao in his early years. Guan Zhong was poor and bullied Bao, but Bao always treated Guan Zhong well, and they always got along well. Nowadays, people often use "Guan Bao" as a metaphor for friends with deep friendship.
4 abandon: abandon.
Second, translation:
Some people make friends, and when they flip their hands, it's like the gathering of clouds for a while, and the dispersion of rain for a while, which is unpredictable. How contemptuous and disdainful this friendship between bribery, snobbery and wine and meat is! But you see, Guan Zhong and Bao, the ancient friends of the rich and the poor, have been abandoned by people today.
Third, the background:
This poem was written in the middle of Tianbao in Tang Dynasty. The poet Du Fu was trapped in Chang 'an. In order to get a part-time job, he begged everywhere and was often given a cold shoulder. After the failure of the imperial examination, I didn't get the official position by offering poems to the emperor, and my life was even more miserable, and I was often hungry and cold. Du Fu, who was born in an official family, was influenced by Confucian culture since childhood, and he had a lofty ideal of helping the world and the people, and he consciously had a long way to go. His official career and fame are the only way to realize his ideal. However, real life is so cruel, the national fortune declines, and the family fortune declines, pushing the poet to the bottom of society. At this time, Du Fu deeply realized the warmth of human feelings and the bitterness of ordinary people, which made his works known as "the history of poetry".
Fourth, appreciate:
At the beginning of the poem, "turning one's hand for the cloud and covering one's hand for the rain" gives people the feeling that a snobbish friend is "sincere and awesome". When you are proud, it will be like a cloud, and when you are frustrated, it will be like rain. When I turned my hands over, I suddenly saw sex and rain, which changed rapidly and impermanently. "Just one word, forever." (Pu Qilong reads Du Xinjie) This is the origin of the idiom "making love". So the first sentence is not only concise and vivid, but also very creative in language.
Since ancient times, the friendship between the poor and the lowly is the most precious. "Now is the off-season, a friend in need is a friend indeed." Only a friend who has experienced such a test is a true friend, but the world despises the frustrated, adding insult to injury. When you are proud, you are crowded; When frustrated, the door is empty. "Over the Cloud" and "Over the Rain" give people the feeling of being snobbish friends. Clouds gather and rain disperse, all of which are centered on fame and fortune, and they are eager for benefits; When it is unprofitable, avoid it. Concise seven words, "turning hands into clouds, covering hands for rain", contain too many indifferent world situations and warm and cold human feelings, so as to control the whole article and make the whole poem program in hand. At that time, people were talking about how to make friends, which made the poet even more indignant. The word "why count" in the sentence "one after another is frivolous" shows the poet's extreme contempt, indignation and hatred for the world.
This dark and cold reality inevitably makes people despair, so the poet remembered a friendship of the ancients. According to historical records, Guan Zhong traveled with Bao in his early years and Bao knew his saints. Guan Zhong was poor and bullied Bao, but Bao ended up with him. Later, Bao's son recommended it. Guan Zhong helped Qi Huan become a tyrant. He said regretfully, "My parents know my uncle Bao." Isn't it touching that Bao treats Guan Zhong with such a rich-poor relationship? "Didn't you see Guan Bao making friends when he was poor?" He took the lead and compared the ancient road with reality, adding a little ideal brilliance to this poem attacking darkness. But its main purpose is to whip reality. The ancients valued friendship more than stones. In contrast, the "thinness" of "modern people" is obvious. "Today's people abandon this road like dirt", the last three words are extremely vivid. The virtues of the ancients have been abandoned by "present people" like clods. They were completely abandoned. This statement is slightly exaggerated. In particular, it is too sentimental to sum up with "modern people". But only through emotion can the meaning of true friendship in the world be expressed more fully.
This poem "Xing" ends with these four sentences, which is short and hateful and rare in the Tang Dynasty "(see Wang Si's quotation in Du Shi Jing Quan). The reason why it can be "short words hate long words" is that its singing is shocking and vivid. By using positive and negative contrast and exaggerated emotional tone, it sings repeatedly, which produces the charm of "generosity and generosity" and reveals the pent-up resentment and sadness in the heart.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) voiceover:
Although the world is so thin, people are still talking about how to deal with each other. "Anyone who wants to rub his coat on his heel dares to take out his intestines; I'm about to leave my wife, and vowed to be a martyr for Jing Ke Zhan (Shen) in seven subjects, and "helping to show my mind means keeping the letter with white water" (On Breaking Up with Guang), in the final analysis, it's just a bribe and a potential. The second sentence dismissed it as "frivolous" and called it "why count", which was extremely contemptuous and indignant. Several figures strongly show the author's extreme aversion to falsehood, ugliness and ugliness.