1, the pioneer of the new situation of Jian 'an literature is an outstanding politician, strategist and poet Cao Cao. His representative works of poetry creation include Lu Luxing, Good Li Xing, and A Journey to the Bitter Han, which describe the war and people's sufferings at the end of the Han Dynasty. "Bones are exposed in the wild, and there are no crows in a thousand miles" is a famous sentence of Hao. The short song "The mountain is not too high, the sea is not too deep, the Duke of Zhou vomits and feeds, and the world belongs to his heart" shows his ambition to unify the world and the spirit of being proactive, showing his broad mind; "A trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected, a brilliant star and a brilliant person, if unexpected" in Watching the Sea describes the magnificent atmosphere of the sea. "My heart is full of lofty sentiments" in "A Short Song" shows the author's yearning for talents, and "An old man riding a horse, aiming at a thousand miles, a martyr in his twilight years, courageously marching forward" in "Waiting for Hou" shows Cao Cao's positive and enterprising spirit.
2. Cao Cao is a pioneer in creating a new situation in literature. He pioneered the use of Yuefu old poems to write current affairs. Besides his five-character poems, there are many excellent four-character poems. He studied Han Yuefu, but he has his own style.
3. The earliest extant complete seven-character poem of literati is Ge Yanxing by Cao Pi; His Dian Lun Thesis is the earliest extant literary monograph. He advocated literature and promoted the prosperity of Jian 'an literature.
4. Cao Zhi's life and creation can be divided into two periods, which are bounded by Cao Pi's proclaimed emperor in 220 AD.
5. The representative works of Cao Zhi's poetry creation are "White Horse Pieces", which describes the superb martial arts and patriotic spirit of a ranger teenager. Among them, "A famous soldier should not be a strong man and should not be selfish" reflects the patriotic spirit of the teenager; "Give Xu Gan" to encourage friends to make contributions; "Seven Sorrow" pinned its depression and pain on the thinking women; Noda's trip to an oriole describes the story of a teenager who cut a net and saved an oriole. Yin on Mount Tai describes the poor life of the seaside people. Beauty, etc., entrusted her young talents with the distress of unmarried beauty. Zhong Rong called his poems "high-spirited, and the words were taken from Huamao".
6. The important writers in the Jian 'an period were "Three Cao", "Seven Zi" and the poetess Cai Yan. "Three Caos" refers to Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi; The name of "Seven Scholars" can be found in Cao Pi's Classical Essays, which refers to Kong Rong, Chen Lin, RoyceWong, Ruan Yu, Angelababy and Serina Liu, with RoyceWong as the highest achievement.
7. The representative work reflecting social unrest and people's sufferings in the creation of "Seven Poems" is RoyceWong's Seven Wounded Poems, one of which "Going Out Without Seeing, Bones Cover the Plain" shows the sufferings brought to the people by the war. Chen Lin's Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Cave, Ruan Yu's Driving Out of the North Gate, etc. Liu Zhen's three masterpieces expressing his personal ambitions and experiences are To My Brother.
8. The extant Cai Yan includes Five-character Poems of Sorrow and Anger, Poems of Sorrow and Anger, Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia, etc. The most credible is Cai Yan's grief and indignation poem.
Second, the literary basis of the beginning of the Western Jin Dynasty
1, Zhengshi literature generally refers to the literature in the late Wei Dynasty, and the representative writers in this period are Ji Kang and Ruan Ji.
2. The representative of Ji Kang's prose is "Breaking Up with the Mountain Residence", and the representative of his poetry is "Giving a Scholar to Join the Army". Ruan Ji's main poetry creation is 82 love poems, and the most famous prose is Biography of Mr. Adult.
3. Ruan Ji's Yong Huai Lu has made great achievements in using Wang Yan's poems to express emotion and irony. Among them, "Sleepless at night, Sitting up and Playing the Piano" shows my loneliness and anguish, which opens up a way for progressive writers under the rule of darkness to write political lyrics. "Words in the eyes and ears, feelings in the table of eight shortages" in Shi Pin summarizes Ruan Ji's poetic style. Tao Yuanming's Drinking, Yu Xin's Quasi-Yong Huai.
4. Zhang Hua, Zhang Xie, Lu Ji, Pan Ni, Pan Yue and Zuo Si were the directors of "Three Zhang, Two Lu, Two Pan and One Zuo" before and after Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, and they were famous poets in Taikang period.
5. Taikang's literary creation has two bad tendencies: one is to imitate the prosperity of the ancients; The second is to pursue flowery words and double neatness. Liu Xie said that "taking the initiative and stopping is softer than Jian 'an" refers to Taikang literature.
6. Lu Ji was the most famous writer in the Taikang era, as well as Pan Yue, Zhang Hua and Zhang Xie.
7. Lu Ji's representative works include "Ancient Poems 12", which imitates ancient poems 19, and "Going to Luodao to do things", which describes his traveling life; Pan Yue's masterpiece is three mourning poems.
8. Zuo Si was the most accomplished poet in the Western Jin Dynasty, and his poems directly inherited the reputation of "Zuo Si Feng Zhi".
9. Zuo Si's representative works include eight epic poems, which use allusions and techniques such as comparison. For example, "the world stands tall and he sinks" is the contrast, while "pine and cypress at the bottom of the sword" and "seedlings on the mountain" are metaphors for poor intellectuals and aristocratic children, and are also used to reflect the contradiction between poor intellectuals and aristocratic children. In addition, Zhao Yin, Nv Jiao Poems and Sandu Fu are all his representative works.
10, Liu Kun's masterpiece is "Fufeng Song", he is a poet who loves his country and his hometown. Guo Pu, whose masterpiece is Fourteen Poems by Zhou Xian, is a metaphysical poet. In Preface to Poetry, the criticism of metaphysical poetry is that he "rationalizes his words and indifferent to his taste".
Third, the foundation stone of Tao Yuanming:
1, Tao Yuanming, also known as Qian, was born in Chaisang, Xunyang, posthumous title, and was a "gentleman in the quiet world". Later people called him Tao Pengze because he had made Peng Ling Ze. After he resigned from Peng, he lived a hard life of "burying in the morning and returning to the moon."
2. Tao Yuanming's poems can be divided into two categories: pastoral poems and poems about the past and the future. His famous prose poems include Biography of Mr. May 6th, Return and the Afterlife, Poems of Scholars' Feelings, Poems of Misfortune and so on.
3. According to its content, Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems can be divided into three aspects: one part shows the tranquility of the countryside and his carefree mood, and the representative works are Returning to the Pastoral Poet (No Custom Rhyme) and Drinking (Building a house is in a humanistic environment); The other part sings enthusiastically about agricultural labor and the friendship established with farmers in labor, such as Returning to the Countryside (Planting beans at the foot of Nanshan Mountain) and Early Rice in the West Field in September of Gengxu New Year (Returning to the Road in Life). There is also a small part that reflects the poverty in rural areas and their own poor life, such as the fourth "Returning to the Pastoral Poetry" (Traveling in Yamazawa), as well as the resentment in the poem and Chu's description of Pang Zhizhong. Peach Blossom Garden, written in his later years, is a new development of his pastoral poems.
4. Tao Yuanming's poems and epic poems inherited Ruan Ji's and Zuo Si's Ci from the beginning, and carried forward the spirit of Jian 'an. Representative works include Miscellaneous Poems (No.2) and Reading Classic of Mountains and Seas (10).
5. Lu Xun called some of Tao Yuanming's object-chanting poems "Reading the Classics of Mountains and Seas", the tenth of which was "Glaring at King Kong".
6. The artistic features of Tao Yuanming's poems: 1, the unity of plain and mellow beauty. Tao's poems seldom use strange images, exaggerated techniques and flowery words, and even seldom use adjectives. 2. Unity of emotion, scenery and reason.
7. Tao Yuanming was the most accomplished poet in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. His appearance broke the rules of metaphysical poetry. He inherited the tradition of Ruan Ji and Zuo Si and carried forward the spirit of Jian 'an. Pastoral poetry is his original creation. Pastoral poetry has become a unique school in the history of poetry.
8. The art of Tao poetry has a great influence on later generations. In the Tang Dynasty, poets such as Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Wei and Liu Zongyuan studied pastoral poetry.
The fourth chapter is the basis of Yuefu folk songs in the Southern and Northern Dynasties:
1. There are about 500 Yuefu folk songs in the Southern Dynasties, most of which belong to "Shang Qing's lyrics" in Yuefu poems, including 326 "Wu Ge", "Opera" 142 and "Fairy Songs" 18.
5. In addition to Wu Ge and opera, Yuefu folk songs in the Southern Dynasties also have a long poem "Xizhou Song", which belongs to "miscellaneous songs".
8. The folk songs of the Northern Dynasties are mainly included in the Collection of Music Poems, and there are also a few miscellaneous songs with more than 60 songs.
10, the folk songs of the Northern Dynasties were created by the people of all ethnic groups in the North. In addition to the works of Han people, there are Miao, Qiang and Xianbei people, most of which are Xianbei folk songs.
12. The most outstanding narrative poem in the folk songs of the Northern Dynasties is Mulan Poetry, which was produced not later than Chen, and is probably the work of the Northern Wei Dynasty.
The basis of poetry in the Five Dynasties and the Southern and Northern Dynasties;
1. In the Jin and Song Dynasties, metaphysical poetry was replaced by landscape poetry initiated by Xie Lingyun.
2. Xie Lingyun is also called Xie because of his tradition of sealing the public. His representative works of landscape poetry include Climbing the Pool to the Upstairs (furtive and charming) and Entering the Lake Mouth of Peng Li (tourists are tired of staying in the water). "Spring grass grows in the pond and willow becomes songbirds" in "Climbing the pond upstairs" is a famous sentence about scenery.
3. Bao Zhao's main contribution to the form of poetry is to broaden the road for seven-character poetry. His representative poems include Imitation is Difficult (I can't eat a case), among which the poem "Sages are poor and humble since ancient times, let alone our generation is lonely and straightforward" shows dissatisfaction with the gate system, "Imitating the Ancient" (paying equal attention to riding and shooting) and "Six Classics".
4. Bao Zhao's poems directly inherited the literary tradition of Jian 'an and wrote Yuefu poems. He is the poet who has made the greatest contribution to the seven-character poem after Cao Pi.
5. The poets mentioned in the textbook are Ruan Ji, Zuo Si, Tao Yuanming and Bao Zhao.
6. The so-called new-style poetry refers to the works that have paid attention to rhythm and duality for more than 100 years from Qi to Sui, which is called new-style poetry. Qi, Liang and Chen are the periods of the formation and development of new style poetry. The so-called new body is in terms of its form. During the reign of Qi Yongming, Shen Yue, a famous poet, studied the harmony of sound, rhyme and tone in poetry according to the overlapping rhyme of four tones and two tones, and pointed out eight prosodic defects that should be avoided, which were called "eight diseases". During the reign of Qi Yongming, Shen Yue and others created a new kind of metrical poem, which is called Yongming style, and this kind of metrical poem is coordinated by rhythm and duality.
7. Apart from Shen Yue, other writers of new poetry have also made great achievements, such as Xie Tiao, He Xun, a poet of Liang Dynasty, and Yin Keng, a poet of Chen Dynasty.
8. In the history of literature, Xie Lingyun and Xie Tiao were called "big thanks" and "Xiao Xie" respectively. Xie Tiao was also called "Xie Xuancheng" because he was the prefect of Xuancheng.
9. In Xie Tiao's landscape poems, there is a famous sentence describing the sunset scenery along the river, which is called "Going to the Three Mountains in the Evening and Returning to Wangjing Town" (looking at Chang 'an from afar). Among them, "The sunset glow is scattered, and the Chengjiang River is quiet as practice" describes the sunset scenery along the river, and "Hundreds of birds cover Chunzhou, and the miscellaneous English are full of Fangdian" describes the scenery around Jiankang (Nanjing). This is a famous sentence about scenery.
10. Some of Xie Tiao's short poems with five words and four sentences have the flavor of folk songs in the Southern Dynasties, with concise language and meaningful feelings, such as "Jade mussel" (the bead curtain of your highness in the sunset glow) and "Wang Sunyou" (the grass is as green as silk).
1 1. Following metaphysical poems and landscape poems, the once popular poems in the Southern Dynasties were palace poems.
12, Du Fu said in Twelve Poems for Relieving boredom: "Why bother to study Yin" reflects two poets, Yin Keng and He Ding. Their famous works are Yin Keng's farewell to Liu Guanglu in Jiangjin (still in Linjiangzhu) and He Xun's farewell (the guest has missed it a hundred times).
13, Yu Xin is a master of poetry achievements in the Southern Dynasties. In his early years, he was a famous palace poet in the Liang Dynasty. Later, he went to the Western Wei Dynasty and was detained in the north for life. He initially combined the poetic styles of the South and the North.
14. The representative work of Yu Xin's poems is Twenty-seven Poems to be sung. He was the highest parallel prose writer in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. His masterpiece is Jiangnan Fu, which describes the rise and fall of Liang Dynasty and his own life experience. His five-character poems include Farewell to Wang Lin (far away) and Farewell to Zhou Shangshu (Qingkong Road, Wan Li).
15, parallel prose is relative to prose. It has three characteristics: the first is to pay attention to duality and use four or six sentences. Because of the duality of the two sentences, it seems that two horses are riding side by side, so it is called parallel prose. Second, we should pay attention to the level tone in pronunciation. The third is to use allusions and flowery words. It can be said that parallel prose is a poetic prose.
16 years, among the parallel prose in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the representative works are Bao Zhao's Poem of Wucheng, Kong's Poem of Beishan, Liang Jiangyan's Poem of Complaining, Tao Hongjing's Appreciation Book and Wu Yun's Random Thoughts of Song and Yuan Dynasties.
17. The representative works of prose in the Northern Dynasties are Notes on Water Classics by Li Daoyuan in the Northern Wei Dynasty and The Story of Luoyang and Galand by Yang Xuanzhi.
Six novels of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties;
1. Novels in the Northern and Southern Dynasties can be divided into two categories according to their contents, namely, novels about strange stories and novels about characters.
2. Among the novels of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, The Search for God by Gan Bao in the Eastern Jin Dynasty is relatively complete, which can represent the strange novels of this period.
3. Liu Song Yiqing's Shi Shuo Xin Yu is the representative work of strange stories in the Northern and Southern Dynasties.
4. Shi Shuo Xin Yu is divided into 36 articles, which are annotated by Liang Liu.
Literary theory in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties
1. The first extant monograph on literary theory and criticism in China is Cao Pi's Dian Lun Paper.
2. Following the Classic Essays, another important work in the history of literary criticism is Lu Ji's "Western Jin Wen Fu".
3. The most important and systematic literary theory work in the history of China's literary criticism is Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long.
4. Ling, a five-character poem in the Liang Dynasty, is Zhong Rong's poem.
Literature foundation of Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties;
1. According to The Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty compiled by Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, there were more than 2,000 poets in Tang Dynasty, with more than 48,900 works and 900 volumes.
2. The development of Tang poetry can be roughly divided into four periods: prophase, heyday, metaphase and anaphase.
3. In the first 50 years of the early Tang Dynasty, palace poems were full of poetry. The "official style" based on "odd and correct flattery" is the representative of this period.
4. Literature in the Tang Dynasty showed a situation of a hundred flowers blooming, with great development in poetry, prose and novels. At the same time, there appeared two literary forms: Ci and Bianwen.
5. The central issues in the early Tang Dynasty were: (1) breaking through the narrow theme of poetry in the Six Dynasties, making poetry express a broad social life and major political issues; (2) Abandoning the frivolous poetic style and establishing a new poetic style full of vigor and vitality; (3) Establish legal system and develop seven-character songs.
6. In the fifty years after the early Tang Dynasty, four outstanding poets began to break through the content of "palace style", followed by Shen Song, who established the form of metrical poetry, and finally, Chen Ziang denounced the poetic style of Qi Liang and advocated Jian 'an style, which opened the way for the development of Tang poetry.
7. Positive romanticism represented by Li Bai is the mainstream of poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and political poems and frontier poems reflect the characteristics of poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
8. The new Yuefu movement represented by Bai Juyi, like a big river, ran through the whole middle Tang Dynasty.
9. The theme of love was very popular in the late Tang Dynasty, which was influenced by citizen literature.
Poetry in the early Sui and Tang Dynasties
1. In the early Tang Dynasty, the court poets who entered the Tang Dynasty from the old Chen Dynasty and the Sui Dynasty still "inherited the romantic life of the old Chen Dynasty and admired each other", eulogizing and polishing the peace with poetry as the ruler. The most famous of these poets is Shangguan Yi, a court poet. His poems are characterized by elegance, which was called "official style" by people at that time. Shangguan Yi stylized the antithesis since the Six Dynasties, and put forward the names of "six pairs" and "eight pairs", which became the norm for later generations to write metrical poems.
2. Wang Ji, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty, was an outstanding poet. His Wild Hope is not only far-reaching in style, but also a mature five laws. His main contribution is to inherit Chen Liang, enlighten Shen Song and create a new poetic style.
3. Four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty: Yang Jiong, Lu, Luo. They are all "young but talented, small and famous" writers in the second half of the seventh century. They strive to get rid of the style of Qi Liang's poetry, break through the narrow scope of palace poetry and expand the theme of poetry. With their own creation, they ascended the poetry circle in the early Tang Dynasty, inheriting Chen Liang and enlightening Shen Song, occupying an important position in the poetry circle. Among the "Four Masters", Luo Lu may have written seven words before Wang Yang's time.
4. There are similarities and differences in the creation of "Four Masters". They are a link between Chen Liang and Shen Song, and occupy an important position in the poetry circle. In Four Masters, Luo Lu entered the Tang Dynasty through Sui Chen, and his poems still have the charm of "palace-style poetry", and his singing is a new development and transformation of "palace-style poetry"; The Five Laws began to take shape in Wang Yang's hands. They were the founders of the Five Laws.
5. "Farewell to Shu" was the best five laws at that time, among which "know yourself and know yourself, and fight every battle" has always been praised.
6. Du Fu's "Six Exquisites in Drama" fully affirmed the status of the Four Masters.
7. Liu Xiyi's seven-character metrical poem "Pulsatilla Daibei" is his masterpiece. "Flowers are similar year after year, but people are different year after year" is one of the famous sentences.
8. Zhang's "Moonlit Night on a Spring River" is a poem of Tang poetry.
9. The main achievement of Shen Quanqi and Song Dynasty is to summarize the creative experience of regular poems since the Six Dynasties and establish the form of regular poems.
10 was contemporary with Shen and Song, and there were quite a few people engaged in metrical poetry. Li Qiao, Su Weidao, Cui Rong and Du are called "Four Friends of Articles".
1 1. Chen Ziang's poetic thoughts are embodied in his Preface to Pearl Embroidery. He takes retro as innovation and advocates inheriting Jian 'an style and initial sound.
12, Chen Ziang has more than 120 poems, of which 38 are his representative works. His Youzhou Tower is a famous masterpiece with only four sentences. The first two sentences are about his loneliness, and the last two sentences are about his limited life and deep feelings.
Poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty:
1, predecessors often called Zhang Jiuling and Chen Ziang, and his Twelve Poems of Mourning is similar to Chen Ziang's Poems of Mourning, both of which are satires.
2. In the early years of Kaiyuan, He, Bao Rong, Zhang Xu and Zhang were called "Wuzhong Four Scholars".
3. He's "Singing Willow" is a famous poem about objects, which sings the spring breeze through willow and praises the thriving spring.
4. Zhang's masterpiece is Reading at Night, Liangzhou Ci is his masterpiece, and Wang Wan's masterpiece is a berth at the foot of Beibao Mountain.
Meng Haoran is a famous pastoral poet, but the main theme of his poems is mostly landscape travel notes. His poetic style is quiet and lonely.
6. Passing the Old Village is one of the best works written in Meng Haoran's pastoral poems. In the eight five-character poems, the fresh and beautiful rural scenery, the sincere and profound friendship of the old people and the simple and lovely family life are described.
7. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, it was Chu Guangxi who really wrote a lot of pastoral poems. He emphasized the happiness of farmers, such as fishing bay and household chores.
8, Wang Wei, the word rub, Taiyuan Qi people. His thought and creation can be divided into two periods with the beginning of Tianbao as the boundary. I was keen on politics and worked hard in the early stage. In the later period, it is fasting and worshipping Buddha.
9. The themes of Wang Wei's poems are quite extensive, mainly in three aspects: political poems, frontier poems and pastoral poems.
10, Wang Wei is a poet and a painter's "painting in poetry"; Looking at the painting, there is poetry in the painting "is Su Shi's evaluation of Wang Wei's landscape poetry and painting."
1 1. Wang Wei's frontier fortress poem "To the frontier fortress" contains the sentence "The desert is lonely and the long river sets the yen", which vividly depicts the scenery of the frontier fortress desert and has always been praised.
12, Wang Wei's poems are famous for their exquisite conception and fresh language. Twenty Xi Poems to Yuan Dynasty were rated as the highest quatrains in Tang Dynasty by Shi Pin.
13. There are only six quatrains left by Wang Zhihuan. In "In Heron Hostel", "Going up a flight of stairs broadens your horizons by 300 miles" is not an argument, but it contains the philosophy of life.
14, Li Qi is a famous frontier poet. He gives the most answers and is good at depicting music with ancient poems.
15, Cui Hao's most famous poem is "Yellow Crane Tower", in which the second couplet "Yellow Crane will never come, white clouds will fly forever, without him" runs through ancient and modern times with profound thoughts.
16, Wang Changling used to be Jiangning Cheng, so he is known as "the poet's son of heaven Wang Jiangjia". Only Li Bai can match his seven-character quatrains.
18, today Gao Shi wrote more than 200 poems. In terms of genre, most of them are ancient poems, especially seven-character poems.
19, Gao Shi's frontier poems are characterized by "respecting quality and taking charge of politics", that is, analyzing frontier defense issues from the perspective of politicians. Ge Yanxing, his masterpiece, is about his understanding of Zhang Shousheng's military affairs.
20. Cen Can Gao Shi, known as "Gao Cen". Cen Can's poem "Mastering the Scenery with Brilliance" is good at depicting the wonders of the frontier fortress with strong tones. Create vivid poems with strange imagination; The tone is tragic, the rhyme is flexible, and some have three rhymes, such as Shu Dao Ji; Some sentences rhyme, such as "Luntai Song".
2 1, "Like spring breeze, night comes, blowing open the petals of ten thousand pear trees", is a famous sentence in Cen Can's Snow White sends the judge to Beijing; "And the valley, filled with broken boulders like pecking measures, down, upside down, with the wind" is a famous sentence in his "Journey to the West".
Explanations and short answers
1, Landscape Pastoral Poetry School: Landscape Pastoral Poetry School is an important poetry school in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, named after describing the pastoral life of landscape, with Wang Wei, Meng Haoran as the main representatives, and Chu Guangxi, etc. This school of poets pays attention to reflecting the natural scenery of pastoral poems, with delicate body and elegant style, which has a great influence on later literature.
2. Frontier Poetry School: a famous poetry school in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, represented by Gao Shi and Cen Can, so it is called "Gao Cen Poetry School". The writers of this school are Wang Changling, Wang Zhihuan and Li Qi. They often use seven-character songs and seven-quatrains to express frontier life and scenery in many aspects, often with vigorous brushwork, strong colors and unrestrained style.
3. The main contents of Wang Wei's poems: The themes of Wang Wei's poems are quite extensive, mainly including political poems, frontier poems and pastoral poems. His frontier poems are heroic, such as the four chapters of A Young Man's Journey, and he is good at depicting frontier scenery, such as To the Frontier, The Song of the Dragon Head, and The Journey of the Old General. In his early years, Wang Wei wrote Fables and other poems reflecting his political feelings, criticized the powerful and dissatisfied with the reality. His later poems are often permeated with the nothingness and coldness of Buddhism, and some pastoral poems show the quiet and comfortable beauty of nature and have high aesthetic interest.
Li Bai: 1. Although the romanticism in Li Bai's poems has a complex ideological tendency, there is still a central theme, that is, the contradiction between ideal and reality.
2. Li Bai is another peak of positive romanticism after Qu Yuan.
3. Du Fu praised Li Bai's "pen-falling shock and rain, poetry makes the gods cry".
4. The language of Li Bai's poems is fresh and bold. In his own words, it is "clear water produces hibiscus, natural carving." This reflects the linguistic features of his poems.
Li Bai not only absorbed the fresh and lively characteristics of folk songs, but also paid attention to inheriting the artistic tradition of outstanding poets since Jian 'an, which has exquisite characteristics.
6. In Sitting Alone in Jingting Mountain, Li Bai's rich imagination is expressed in "Never tired of seeing each other, only Jingting Mountain". In his works, nature is alive.
7. Midnight in Wu Ge and Morning in Baidicheng both express deep feelings in very simple language.
Second, the word explanation and short answer
1. Briefly describe the artistic features of Li Bai's poems: (1) Images are often personalized with strong subjective feelings. Such as "Shu Dao Nan". (2) The images in Li Bai's poems are often surreal, such as climbing Mount Tianmu and chanting in a dream. (3) Li Bai's exaggeration is the boldest and most acceptable. For example, Song of Qiu Pu is full of white hair. (4) Li Bai's language is fresh and bold, and he does not stick to rules or words. Everything is in harmony with nature.
Du Fu: 1. Du Fu's family has two characteristics, one is "observing officials by Confucianism" and the other is "making contributions". Judging from Du Fu's life, he has been practicing his family precepts. No matter how poor he is, he must help the world. It can be seen that his thought belongs to Confucianism, which can be proved by his political enthusiasm for worrying about the country and the people.
2. In the fourteenth year of Tianbao, Du Fu went to Fengxian to control his family. After returning to China, I wrote "I went to Fengxian to cherish 500 words", in which "the wine in Zhumen stinks and the road has frozen bones". Two poems have become famous sentences through the ages.
3. In the spring of 75 AD, Du Fu returned to Huazhou from the East, and wrote what he saw along the way as "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells" (Xin 'an official, Shi Haoguan official, Tongguan official, newly married, resigned and homeless).
4. The last couplet in Du Fu's Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, "Look at the red and wet place, flowers are more important than Jinguan City", describes the loveliness of spring rain and brings people a colorful spring.
5. Poems such as "Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers remain forever" in Spring Hope show Du Fu's feelings for national affairs and his regret for running away from home.
6. Du Fu likes to sing Phoenix, which has almost become the embodiment and portrayal of the poet. So his phoenix is as kind as he is.
7. Among Du Fu's lyric poems, Eight Poems in Autumn is the most artistic one.
8. A remarkable feature of Du Fu's poetry creation is to express major themes with trivial matters around him, such as Spring Hope, Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, and The Return of Wu Lang. Expressing major themes through dialogues between characters is another feature of Du Fu's poems, such as "garage" and "trencher".
9. Autumn and the great river are the two most imaginative images in Du Fu's poems, which are embodied in his poems such as Ascending the Mountain, Bai Di and Eight Poems of Autumn Prosperity.
10, the language of Du Fu's poems is vigorous and concise. In his words, it is "no regrets after poetry".
1 1, Du Fu is a multi-body poet, who can use five words, ancient style, metrical poems and quatrains freely, especially ancient style and metrical poems. He was the first master to write seven laws in Tang Dynasty. At the same time, his new Yuefu poems, as "famous works", directly opened the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty. So we say that Du Fu is a writer who connects the past with the future.
12. Du Fu's major historical events are deeply reflected in his poems, so he is also called "the history of poetry".
Short answer: 1. Give examples of poems to briefly explain the ideological content of Du Fu's poems? A: The main ideological content of Du Fu's poems is: (1) Facing the reality and satirizing current events, such as Che Dian, Two for Tao, Three Officials and Three Farewells. (2) Reflect people's life and sufferings, such as swimming, walking with a negative salary, being sucked in by Tianfu's mud, and going to Fengxian from Beijing to fall in love; (3) Love life and describe daily life, such as Goose Before the Boat, Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, Moonlit Night, Northern Expedition and Qiangzhai.
2. Briefly describe the artistic features of Du Fu's poems: 1. Be good at making various artistic summaries of real life; Second, he has a magnificent artistic realm and meticulous expression techniques; Thirdly, Du Fu's poems have made outstanding achievements in language art, and his master of language has experienced ups and downs. Fourthly, Du Fu is a versatile poet. He used the ancient five-character quatrains and seven-character quatrains freely, especially the ancient style and meter.
The New Yuefu Movement and Bai Juyi: 1. New Yuefu refers to Yuefu with current affairs as its new theme. The New Yuefu Movement in the Middle Tang Dynasty began with the creation of Zhang Ji, Wang Jian and Li Shen. Li Shen wrote 20 new Yuefu songs, which were reconciled by Yuan Zhen, and Bai Juyi expanded to 50 songs on the basis of Yuan Zhen, named "New Yuefu". Besides Bai Juyi, other important writers include Yuan Zhen, Zhang Ji, Wang Jian and Li Shen.
2. The new Yuefu, which wrote current affairs with a new title, was founded in Du Fu, and the writers who made the transition from Du Fu to Bai Juyi were Jie Yuan, Gu Kuang, Rong Yu and Dai Shulun.
3. Gu Kuang was the first poet to write the word "first" in the new Yuefu. In the new Yuefu movement, besides Bai Juyi, Wang Jian, Zhang Jihe, had the highest creative achievement.
4. "Who knows that every Chinese food is hard" is a famous sentence in Li Shen's "Compassion for Farmers".
5. Bai Juyi was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima at the age of 44, which was divided into two periods: the first period was "helping the world" and the second period was "being independent".
6. Bai Juyi divided his poems into four categories: satirical poems, leisurely poems, sentimental poems and miscellaneous poems. Among them, satirical poems are the most successful, mostly written in the early stage.
7. Among Bai Juyi's sentimental poems, there are two famous long poems, namely Song of Eternal Sorrow and Pipaxing, among which Pipaxing has always been praised for its description of musical images.
8. Bai Juyi's literary creation thought of "Nine Books with Yuan Dynasty" is that "articles should be combined with the times, and songs and poems should be combined with the phases".
Short answer: 1. Explain the artistic features of Bai Juyi's poems with simple examples? A: (1) is mainly manifested in poetic language. Simple and easy to understand, it is wonderful to be interested in writing. (2) Be good at using one or two epigrams to control the whole article, so as to achieve the effect of simple words and profound meanings and plain surprises. (3) It is also highlighted in narrative poems, which are narrative-oriented, supplemented by lyricism, with distinct veins, vivid twists and turns and prominent characters.