Poetry at the Twelve Hours
23:00-01:00丨Zi Shi
The moon sets, crows cry, and the sky is filled with frost. Jiang Feng, fishing fire, sleeps in sorrow.
At Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the bell rang at midnight to reach the passenger ship.
——"Night Mooring at Maple Bridge" by Zhang Ji of the Tang Dynasty
Midnight, also known as midnight and middle night, is the first hour of the twelve o'clock.
At this time, the lights were dim and the night was dim. Fishermen and firemen hang around beside Maple Bridge, and bells ring on Hanshan Mountain.
In "Zuo Zhuan: The Sixteenth Year of Ai Gong", "Send him off drunk, send him off at midnight" is what we have seen so far. The word "midnight" is the earliest example of the use of time.
01:00-03:00丨When you are ugly
In the dream, the storm is turbulent, and when you wake up, you sing wildly and drop your hat.
I sighed several times, and I misunderstood.
——"Congratulations to the Bridegroom" by Liu Xun of the Song Dynasty
The cock crows, or the wild chicken. At this time, the gentle breeze blew through the dreamland, and everything was silent. Occasionally, jackdaws would startle, circle the tree three times, and fly past the bright moon.
The word "rooster crow" is used for time, which originated from "Spring and Autumn Zuo Zhuan Zhengyi". In ancient times, the Han people called chickens "the animals that know the time." Zan said: "Watching the night will not miss the time, and you have faith."
03:00-05:00丨Yinshi
The moon is in Penpu late at night, and the peak of the furnace is smoked in Pingdan.
Qinghui and spiritual energy, articles for worship at night and day.
——Tang·Bai Juyi's "Ti Xunyang Tower"
Pingdan, also known as Dawn and Ridan. At this time, the sky was hazy and dawn had not yet broken. The earth was dark and gloomy, and the sky was slightly white.
The "Pingdan Qi" in "Mencius Gaozi 1" is the earliest example of the word "Pingdan" seen so far. At this time, it is the fifth watch, or the fifth drum. The chickens are still crowing.
05:00-07:00丨獯时
The sun rises in the east, as if it comes from the ground.
Li Tian has entered the West Sea again. Is the place where the six dragons are safe?
——"Sun Travel" by Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty
Sunrise is also called dawn and sunset.
At this time, the sun jumped out of the horizon and shone brightly on the earth. Ancient officials went to court in the morning. It was exactly Mao hour when the roll call took place at the Yamen Gate.
Therefore, "Dianmao" is called work report, which is still used today.
The word "sunrise" was first found in "The Book of Songs·Hinoki Wind·Laoqiu": "The sunrise has rays, and the lambsqiu is like wet."
07:00-09:00 丨Chenshi
As soon as I write a failed essay, the whole family rejoices.
We have wheat flour for breakfast, and common clothes for getting up in the morning.
——"Three Revised Poems" by Pi Rixiu of the Tang Dynasty
Eating time is also called breakfast and feast. This period of time was the time when the ancients "had breakfast".
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, people had two meals a day, with "Chao Shi" as the main meal.
The term "eating time" has appeared as early as in the "Book of Rites". For example: "Therefore, if a gentleman is an official, he will not harvest crops, and if he is in the field, he will not fish. When he eats, he will not take care of it. A great man will not sit on a sheep, and a scholar will not sit on a dog."
09:00-11:00丨Sishi
At that time, the red sun passed over the hillside,
The lonely shadow was like a shuttle of tears.
——Compilation of "Baixue Yiyin" by Hua Guangsheng of the Qing Dynasty in Folk Song Shidiao
Yuzhong is also called Riyu. At this time, it was approaching noon, the fog dispersed, and the sun was shining brightly in the sky.
The term "Yuzhong" first appeared in "Huainanzi·Tianwenxun": "As for Hengyang, it is called Yuzhong; as for Kunwu, it is called Zhengzhong."
12 :00-13:00丨Noon
It is noon when summer makes people sleepy. At the beginning of noon, sleepy people suffer from heatstroke.
New poems are caused by wine. Poetry becomes new because of wine.
——"Bodhisattva Man" by Wang Qiyu of the Song Dynasty
Rizhong, also known as Rizheng. At this time, the sun reaches the middle of the sky and the scorching sun is shining brightly. In ancient times, people used this period as a time mark for going to the market to trade.
There is a saying in old novels and plays that "the beheading begins at three o'clock in the afternoon". The time value of the hundred-quarter system has been changed many times. By the early Qing Dynasty, it was finally settled on the ninety-six-quarter system. According to this calculation, three quarters of noon is approximately 11:45 now.
13:00-15:00丨Wei Shi
Wei Shi misses you and sighs that you live alone.
Wen Jun has not seen you for a long time.
——"Thinking of the King at Twelve Hours" by Zhou Lianxian of the Qing Dynasty
Rizhao, also known as Riyang, Rizhe, etc. At this time, the sun is in the west, bounded by the mid-heaven and opposite to Yuzhong.
In "Historical Records·Tianguan Shu": "When the day comes to eat, it is wheat; when the day comes to eat, it is Ji." It originally appeared as a time noun. There is also "Hanshu·Youxia Biography": "All the guests rush to the market to buy, and they will all meet at the end of the day."
15:00-17:00丨Shenshi
Watch your steps Green and barren, the sun is about to fade in the desolate courtyard.
The celery mud is accompanied by swallows, and the bee whiskers are on the stamens.
————"Xu Bu" by Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty
Afternoon time, or evening food and steaming time. It is the time when Han people had their second meal in ancient times.
In ancient times, "晡" and "禎" were connected. "Yun Shi" first appeared in the "Huainanzi Tianwen Xun" chapter: "(Sun) As for the Valley of Sorrow, it is called Yin Shi." In literary works, the ancients often used the word "晡" to replace "Yun Shi".
17:00-19:00丨Youshi
Although the glass is consumed alone, the cup will fall over when the pot is empty.
The sun is moving among the flocks, and the returning birds are singing in the forest.
——Tao Yuanming of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, "Drinking Part 4"
The sun sets, and the sun sets, and the sun sinks. At this time, the sun is about to set and the sun is setting in the west.
The ancients regarded "sunrise" and "sunset" as signs of the arrival of day and night respectively.
"Yuan Shi Li Zhi" says: "The sun rises as day and the sun sets as night."
The sun sets first appears in "Chun Qiu Zuo Zhuan Zhengyi": "The sun sets and it is said , Xu Yanyu Youguang. "
19:00-21:00丨 Xushi
Shuangyan flew to the Weeping Willow Courtyard, and the small pavilion curtain was rolled up.
At dusk, I lean against Zhulan alone, with the crescent moon eyebrows in the southwest.
——"Qingpingle" by Feng Yanji of the Tang Dynasty
Dusk, also known as sunset and sunset. At this time, the setting sun is sinking, everything is hazy, and the first watch wants to be dark but is not dark yet.
The poet Qu Yuan used the word dusk for the first time in "Li Sao": "The past king told me sincerely, saying that dusk is the end of time, and the Qiang will change the road."
21 :00-23:00丨Hai Shi
The moon is dim and bright when people are fixed, and the fragrance disappears and the pillow mat becomes clear.
The green screen blocks the shadow of the candle, and the sound of the curtain under the red sleeves
——"Ren Ding" by Bai Juyi of the Tang Dynasty
A person is still, that is, a person is still. Also called Dinghun and Weiye. It is the last hour of the twelve o'clock in the day and night. At this time, the second watch of the night is already deep, and people are sleeping peacefully.
"The Peacock Flying Southeast" has the poem "After the dying dusk, the lonely man is at peace."
Know the weather, follow the four seasons, and choose the right time. Time is culture, and time contains poetry. Although traditional Chinese time is impacted by the rhythm of the ticking clock, it is still everywhere in the morning and evening.