The source of China literature is poetry. Poetry has been the main form of China literature for thousands of years. Traditionally, China paid attention to the knowledge of literature and history, so most of the literati took poetry as the foundation and showed its value. Under the rule of literati, the development of China's poetic circles seems to have obvious China characteristics or stage problems. The Book of Songs made a good start for China's poetry. The Book of Songs is rich in ideological content, simple and natural in artistic style and good in expressive force, and it is still recited by people today. With the good wind, pre-Qin prose and Chu ci flourished, which made a great splash in the history of China literature. After entering the Han Dynasty, some literati began to deliberately pursue literary forms and techniques, and Han Fu appeared. Han Fu can also be regarded as a form of poetry. Han Fu probably originated from Song Yu. Han Fu really enriched China's literary form and created a number of excellent works. However, because it later became art for art's sake, ignoring social content and taking show as its function, it turned into gorgeous and grandiose words, and the author abused abnormal thinking, making the road narrower and narrower. This ethos has dominated the literary world for hundreds of years. By the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, some outstanding poets, represented by Cao Cao and his son, began to pay attention to the social content of poetry, eulogized their political ideals and ambitions, rose up and swept away that flashy style of writing, forming a sad, bold and vigorous style, which was called "Jian 'an Style" in history. The works during this period are really excellent. However, the good times did not last long. After the Western Jin Dynasty, some people embarked on the formalistic road of pursuing only formal beauty, divorced from readers and reality, and regarded poetry as a tool for self-entertainment. The representative figures of this period are Lu Ji and so on. At the same time, metaphysical poetry appeared at this time, and the poet muttered to himself, but the reader didn't know what to say; At this time, although there were great poets such as landscape poems and Tao Yuanming, the poetic world was basically shrouded in ethereal, aesthetic and grandiose poetic style. This poetic style has enveloped China's poetic circles for hundreds of years, and there are few good poems. Until the early Tang Dynasty, Chen Ziang and other talents took the lead in cleaning it up and breaking it. Chen Ziang and others took a clear-cut stand against the poetic style of Qi and Liang Dynasties, advocating "the style of Han and Wei Dynasties", seeking for Jian 'an in the upper level, prosperous Tang Dynasty in the lower level, supporting Qu Yuan in one hand and Li Bai in the other, and found a way in the scenic towns of the Six Dynasties, reaching the poetic realm of strong politics, lofty thoughts and smooth artistic forms. Because of this, China produced great poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi during this period, as well as Tang poems that made great contributions in the world. However, in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, the situation began to change again, and there appeared an aestheticism poetry style represented by Wen, which ignored the social and political content, was rich in poetry color and flowery in rhetoric, and had the same effect as the court style in the Southern Dynasties. These are fragrant, soft and full of powder flavor, and poets are called flower poets. The poet among flowers is probably equivalent to the poet in the wheat field now. This poetic style has enveloped China's poetic circles for hundreds of years. At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, with the influence of Kunxi style, the phenomenon of "a thousand people on one side" appeared in the poetry circle, which developed from piling up and carving to fantastic danger. This situation has attracted the attention of some people of insight, and the poet represented by Ouyang Xiu initiated the poetry innovation movement. The great achievement of poetry innovation is to break the style of writing since the late Tang Dynasty and make the poetry circle pay attention to the social ideological content again. As a result, a new era in the field of poetry began again, and a large number of great poets such as Su Shi, Lu You and Xin Qiji appeared. At this time, we not only made progress in poetry, but also developed the literary form of ci. Song Ci has written a glorious page in the history of China literature. Unfortunately, it seems that the cycle of history has become a rule. In the late Southern Song Dynasty, there was no such impassioned voice in the poetry circle, and various factions appeared, such as Siling School, Jianghu School and Jiangxi Poetry School. These poets hold a negative attitude towards reality, and some linger at the scene to express their personal sadness or hatred; Some pursue formal skills and pay attention to rhetoric and rhythm; Some whitewashed reality and praised the political rule at that time. This phenomenon has dominated China's poetry for hundreds of years. In the Yuan Dynasty, the road of poetry became narrower and narrower, and the content became narrower and narrower. Finally, the orthodox literary form of feudal society declined completely, and its mainstream position was replaced by the emerging "popular literature" such as zaju and novels. There are few good poems in Ming Dynasty, and few poets come in, but there are many schools of poetry, much like today's situation, such as Wu Poetry School, Yue Poetry School, Min Poetry School, Jiangyou Poetry School, Chaling Poetry School, Yue Poetry School, Taige Style and so on. These schools of poetry made no great achievements and were soon forgotten by readers. Later, the first seven poets launched a sweeping campaign against these poetic schools and styles, praising folk songs and advocating that "literature must be in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and poetry must be in the prosperous Tang Dynasty", so innovative poetic schools such as the Tang and Song Schools, the Public Security School and the Jingling School appeared again. Driven by these poetic schools, poets in the late Ming Dynasty dared to face up to reality and actively cared about politics. Their works contain social contents closely related to the fate of the country and have a high-spirited and passionate fighting style. Poetry in the early Qing dynasty inherited the tradition of the late Ming dynasty, and some good poems and excellent writers appeared. However, after Kangxi, the situation of poetry deteriorated day by day, and many schools of poetry appeared, such as verve school, style school, texture school, envy school and Song school. Very vivid, but not much achievement. This phenomenon continued into modern times. 1At the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the reformists advocated the "poetic revolution", which bridged the transition from old poetry to vernacular poetry and injected vitality into the rebirth of poetry.
The transformation from ancient poetry to vernacular poetry is indeed a profound revolution. Vernacular poetry has been in existence for less than a hundred years, which is only a brief moment in the history of poetry. The vernacular poetry that has just appeared is as soft and ridiculous as a baby in its infancy. Now we have this feeling when we look at the vernacular poems of literary masters such as Guo Moruo and Lu Xun. However, babies will grow up healthily as long as they are properly fed. Regrettably, however, new poetry was led astray before it was mature, just as China's ancient poems were turned into parallel poems soon after they came into being, and fell into a strange circle of emptiness, beauty and formalism for hundreds of years.