The first part is Wang Anshi: (102 1- 1086), a politician/thinker/writer and reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty. During the reign of Zongshen, he carried out political reforms and was praised by Lenin as "1 1 century China reformer". As soon as I came to power, the new law was implemented for one day. Later, due to the failure of conservative opposition, he retired to Jiangning, sealed Shu Guogong and changed his name to Jing, also known as pawn. His prose is magnificent and sublime, and he is known as one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". His works are now preserved in Wang Linchuan Collection and so on.
Recording is a style that can be explained, discussed, described and narrated. Baochan Mountain Tour: This was written after Baochan Mountain Tour, so it is a travel book. What the topic lacks is travel notes. )
What do we mainly write when we write travel notes?
Student A: When and where to travel together, and then write down what you see, express your love for nature or praise for ancient civilization relics, praise the wisdom of ancient working people and national pride as descendants of the Chinese people, and so on. But this travel book is not like this. It expresses profound philosophy through the author's personal travel and exploration. So what philosophy does the author explain for us? What thoughts does his point of view give us? Ok, let's study this article together (blackboard writing title, and then read the full text)
Second, introduce the author and solve the problem
Recording is a style that can be explained, discussed, described and narrated. Baochan Mountain Tour: This was written after Baochan Mountain Tour, so it is a travel book. The author wants to travel to Baochan. How does the author introduce Baochan? Ok, let's look at the first paragraph first.
Thirdly, study the first and second paragraphs (1).
1, name reading, interpretation. If you have any questions, please find other students to answer or accept the teacher's guidance.
Pay attention to the following words and sentences:
Polysemy:
A. "pawn": ① death. Bury it. 2 finally. Death and Joy. ("Lian Po is as good as a biography") 3 soldiers. "My husband is exhausted ..." ("Battle of Red Cliffs")
B "Text": ① Inscription, full text. "Its words are scattered.". "This is a separate text." 3 gorgeous and colorful. "Give up the selected works". ("lose")
C. "Dao": ① Dao. "There is a monument to servants." Say it. "How can I get the word?" . 3 reasons. "Pass the message and accept the major" ("Teacher's Theory") 4 The correct method. "Policy is not based on its own way." (Ma Shuo).
D. "extreme": ① do it,-enjoy it. "The fun of extreme travel." 2 at most, at most. "It is also extremely 70,000 to 80,000 ears." (Battle of Red Cliffs)
Flexible use of parts of speech;
A. "house": build a house and settle down. Nouns are used flexibly as verbs. Start with its address.
B. "Name": ① Naming and addressing. Nouns are used flexibly as verbs. It's called Zanchan. Make it clear, make it clear. Nouns are used flexibly as verbs. "But not famous."
C. "poverty": exhausted, come to an end. Adjectives are used flexibly as verbs. A good traveler can't be poor.
"... who ... also" means two forms of judgment:
① indicates simple judgment, with the subject before "zhe" and the predicate after "zhe". For example, "Today's so-called Huikong Buddhist Temple is also the home of Zanlu." "Lian Po, Zhao Zhiliang will also".
(2) indicates the compound judgment of causality, where "zhe" not only indicates the pause tone, but also prompts the reason. For example, "people who say' Hua' is like' petrochemical' today will cover up the sound." "I did it for the urgency of the country and personal hostility." The mastery of these words has been rubbed into the translation of the text.
2. Then try to draw a virtual schematic diagram with Huashan Cave as the reference object according to the orientation in the text.
(Hint: The Zen Temple is five miles west of Huashan Cave, because Huashan Cave is five miles east of its courtyard; The servant tablet is more than 100 steps west of Huashan Cave, because the author saw it on the way from the east of the Buddhist temple to Huashan Cave. The front cave is the Huashan cave, and the "front" of the front cave is relative to the "back" of the back cave; Houdong is five or six miles north of Huashan Cave, because Huashan Cave is in the "Yang of Huashan Mountain" and Yamanoe is in the north. )
3. The author visited Baochan Mountain and introduced the origin of Baochan Mountain, which led to Huikong Temple and a visit to China Cave. Writing those servant tablets and the words on them seems dispensable, just like the author's idle pen. Should it be deleted?
If the students can't answer, stay and solve the problem. The discrimination between "Hua" and "Hua" embodies Wang Anshi's habit of drilling ci, which is still ridiculed by contemporary people. What do you think of his habits? (discussion)
Lead the students to recite this paragraph. Original name → the origin and proof of alias → the origin of Huashan cave name → seeing original name from servant tablet → pointing out pronunciation errors.
(2) Learn the second paragraph.
1, what is the abbreviation of the second paragraph? What to write in detail? What comparisons were used? What are the functions? Tip: Briefly describe the front hole (19), and write down the characteristics of the back hole and what you see and feel after swimming in detail. What are the comparisons in this paragraph: ① the comparison between the flatness of the front hole and the depth of the back hole; "It's flat and spacious down there"-"It's cold when there is a cave."
(2) The comparison between the former cave "remembered by many tourists" and the latter cave "remembered by few people" and "even more so";
③ I'm Coming is shallow compared with Good Walker;
④ The joy of "not surprising" when entering the hole is compared with the regret of "not having the pleasure of traveling" after leaving the hole. The role is to pave the way for the second part of the discussion.
2. What does it feel like for the author to swim out of the hole? "Regret" Why regret? Because you are full of energy and fire, you can't enjoy the trip. It really shows that you have no determination. End the tour with "regret" and pave the way for the discussion later.
(3) Guide reciting:
Teachers and students discuss the level of this paragraph:
On the first floor (from the beginning to "go out with it"), remember the passage of the swimming hole;
On the second floor (from Where is Gai Yu going to the end of the paragraph), I remembered what I saw in the back hole and expressed regret.
The front hole (flat and spacious, with a lot of records)-the back hole (gentle and cold)-the entrance (deep and strange)-all-remember what I saw in the hole (what I covered ... added less)-think of myself, and the word "regret" (.
Fourth, learn the third and fourth paragraphs.
(1) Read and interpret paragraph 3 by name:
(1) "the ancients view of heaven and earth ..." means "the ancients view of heaven and earth". The auxiliary word "zhi" is meaningless and has a soothing effect. "Yu" here means the object of observation, which can be omitted when translated into modern language.
(2) "risk", here is the original meaning, namely "mountain", because the back hole is on the mountain. "Yi" refers to the flat land, which refers to the topography of Qiandong.
The word "as for" in "as for" is a concrete phrase, which means "to the place where ...".
(4) The word "Ye" in "Those who have my ambition but can't do it" can be saved in general, but it can't be saved here. It expresses a positive tone, which means that I really tried my best.
⑤ "What did you get from this surplus": This is a special form of judgment sentence. After reading this, you have to cook a meal.
Remind students to pay attention to the function words that express mood, such as salt, leaf, volt, then, er, ancient, meaning, nature, qi, breath and so on.
1, "So I have a sigh" connects the preceding with the following, further expounding the thinking behind the author's regret.
2. The author first said that the ancients "did it for ... everything was there." Why did the author say the ancients first? A: Taking the ancients as the standard can also make the author's argument more convincing.
3. Then, the author wrote that most people are afraid of danger, and "being near is less" (taking care of the front cave), so they can't see the "extraordinary, magnificent and extraordinary world view", which reminds me of Mao Zedong's seven wonders-"Photo of Comrade Li Jin in Lushan Fairy Cave": "Looking at Jinsong at dusk, Yunfei is still calm around. Born in Xiandong, the infinite scenery is in the dangerous peak. " Starting from the article "Extraordinary and Exquisite, Magnificent and Extraordinary Worldview often lies in precipitousness", I made a footnote for the sentence "Infinite scenery lies in precipitous peaks".
4. If you want to gain extraordinary vision, you must be ambitious (and the world ... can't come if you are willing);
5. Then, talk about ambition and powerlessness (where there is will ... you can't get there); Ambition and power, but also foreign things (ambition and power ... can't be achieved);
6. The last two items once again show that if you are willing to make your own subjective efforts, you can "have no regrets" even if you can't achieve your goal.
What does the author mean by "can't come"? You can't go deep into the cave and you can't see the "wonder". )
This is originally a "regret" thing. Why did the author say "no regrets"? Because I have tried my best. )
What do you mean by "do your best"? An effort to realize one's wishes. )
Summary: The author reveals the dialectical relationship among "ambition", "strength" and "thing", emphasizes the role of these two objective conditions, emphasizes the key role of the subjective factor "ambition", and emphasizes that as long as you do your best, even if you can't achieve your goal, you can "regret" and "have no ridicule". What the author said here. What inspiration did you get from this? Can you talk about it in your own life?
(2) Study the words written on the servant tablet in the fourth section, corresponding to the description of the servant tablet in the first paragraph. (The foregoing description paves the way for the following discussion. )
What does writing these servant tablets express the author's point of view? You must "think carefully and act cautiously" in your research.
Thinking: From the first paragraph, the author thinks that "the servant's way has a monument, and his writings are numerous", that "ancient books don't exist", and the situation from "absurd sound" to "absurd biography" can't "prevail", so he naturally draws the conclusion that reading should be "thoughtful and careful"
Verb (verb's abbreviation) The fifth paragraph is a supplementary narrative, indicating the place of origin, name, time of writing this article, and signature. Thinking: The names of fellow travelers did not appear in the text, but were recorded in the text. What are the advantages of writing like this?
Tip: It can make the writing concise and avoid complication.
Sixth, the discussion of the problem. How are the narrative part and the discussion part of this article closely related?
(try to transition from ①; ② The two parts echo each other in words; (3) The internal relationship between touring mountains and touring the world.
Tip:
There is a transitional sentence between the two parts: the last sentence of the second paragraph "Don't travel extremely happily" opens the next paragraph, and the first sentence of the third paragraph "So I have a sigh" closely follows the previous paragraph, leading the whole paragraph and making the article coherent and natural. (2) Sentences with consistent words, coherent meanings and mutual care include "People are near, so there are many tourists" and "There are many people downstream"; "If the risk is far away, fewer people will come" and "If there is a hole, it will be very cold. If you ask, you will not be poor. ""There are fewer people who remember when you come "; "Wonder, wonder, wonder" and "the more strange, the more strange"; "People who have no will" and "people who want to go out"; "Let it go" and "Let it go"; "Mockable" and "Blamable"; Regret for yourself and regret for it, the ancient books of Servant Monument and Servant Road and Monument don't exist, and their works are lost, misinformation and phonological misunderstanding. The narrative in the previous article only paves the way for the discussion, so that the discussion has a basis. The discussion part is the deepening of narrative, and it is a kind of philosophical sentiment realized from concrete things.
(3) The author compares the study of life to a tour of mountains and waters, and grasps the similarities between them: both should have indomitable will and thoughtful and cautious attitude. On the basis of full discussion, designate one person to write his own "two-part comparison table" on the blackboard, and other students will supplement and modify it.
Analysis of the second textbook;
The Travel Notes of Baochan is the representative work of Wang Anshi, a politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. This travel note narrates his trip with several companions, and made comments before his death, indicating that to achieve lofty ideals and achieve a career, besides certain material conditions, it also needs firm ambition and tenacious perseverance, and puts forward the attitude of "thinking carefully and taking carefully" in research. The travel notes are clear-cut, clear-cut, concise and long-lasting. "The sound of pearls and jade is imminent, and the color of the clouds is in front of us", which is precious because of its novel style and unlimited development.
This lesson is the second classical Chinese in Unit 5, Book 2 of the Chinese textbook for senior high school. The study content of this unit is the prose of Song Dynasty. Romance of Six Kingdoms and Travel Notes of Baochan are teaching texts, while Biography of Lingguan and Shi Zhongshan are self-reading texts. The Theory of Six Kingdoms and Biography of Lingguan are both historical theories that satirize the present by borrowing from the past, while The Travel Notes of Baochan and The Story of Shi Zhongshan are both travel notes that focus on matters. Baochan Mountain is clearly ahead of Shi Zhongshan.
Previously, students had three years of learning experience in studying classical Chinese in junior high school, and they mastered a lot of classical Chinese knowledge after entering senior high school. Therefore, students will not find it particularly difficult to learn this simple classical Chinese. The Chinese syllabus for senior high school requires students to learn classical Chinese: they can read simple classical Chinese, understand the meaning of words and the ideological content of works, and recite a certain number of famous articles. Focus on mastering the common usage of 150 classical Chinese notional words, 18 classical Chinese function words and the main classical Chinese sentence patterns in the text. According to this requirement, the teaching objectives and difficulties of this course are determined.
Teaching objectives:
First, cognitive goal-learn the usage of nouns as verbs and adjectives as verbs in this article. Understand the meaning and usage of function words "one" and "qi" in classical Chinese. Learn the writing method of this article from memory to discussion, that is, to understand things.
Second, the ability goal-familiar with reading and reciting, cultivate students' ability to read classical Chinese.
Third, emotional goals-to understand knowledge and the world, we must have a firm will and think carefully about truth.
Teaching focus:
First of all, pay attention to the accumulation of notional meanings such as name, yue, Wen, Jin, Qi, Hao, Chu, Ji, Guan, Qiu and Xian in classical Chinese.
Second, master the meaning and usage of function words "one" and "qi".
Third, the flexible use of parts of speech.
Teaching difficulties
First, master the writing characteristics of profound reasoning and rigorous composition.
Second, understand the truth expounded in this article.
Application of teaching methods:
Guiding ideology:
Adhere to the "three masters" teaching philosophy and quality education direction of "teachers as the leading factor, students as the main body and training as the main line", cultivate students' good reading habits, develop students' sound cognitive structure, stimulate students' positive emotional factors, and enable students to understand the learning process and learn to learn.
Teaching philosophy:
First, this article is written in classical Chinese, and there are some obstacles in writing. Please tidy it up before class.
Secondly, this article is a travel note, which can be compared with the ancient Chinese prose I have studied.
Third, in order to stimulate students' interest in learning, we can use multimedia means to show relevant landscape pictures and the author's tour (making multimedia courseware).
Fourthly, in order to master the important classical Chinese vocabulary in the text, we can use multimedia to show relevant classroom exercises.
Teaching methods:
Recite-ancient poems need to be read and memorized.
String *-Classical Chinese needs clarification.
Questioning method —— Interaction between teachers and students is needed in class.
Comparative method-old and new knowledge needs to be reviewed to know the new.
Discussion-An active atmosphere is needed in class.
Practice method-teaching needs intensive reading and more practice.
Teaching media:
Tape recorder, multimedia courseware, slide show.
Legal learning guidance:
Senior one students have some basic knowledge and accumulation in classical Chinese reading, but how to learn classical Chinese is still a new topic. Therefore, teachers should guide students to master learning methods, assimilate new information by using the existing knowledge framework, establish new intelligence, and gradually move towards the realm of autonomous learning.
First, guide students to take notes in words and translate by themselves with reference books. When necessary, teachers should give guidance, solve problems and cultivate self-study ability.
Second, tell students the principles to follow in translating classical Chinese.
Thirdly, to arouse students' enthusiasm for thinking, discussion and communication, teachers should give timely guidance and cultivate students' ability to find and solve problems.
Fourth, prompt students to read the text repeatedly and understand the truth expounded in the article.
Fifth, encourage students to summarize the methods of learning classical Chinese in time and pay attention to accumulating classical Chinese knowledge.
Teaching procedures:
Teaching this course can be arranged for 2 class hours.
The first class:
1, import a new lesson:
First of all, I would like to introduce Mao Zedong's four-line poem "A Photo of Comrade Li Jin in Lushan Fairy Cave": "Looking at Jinsong at dusk, it's easy to walk around Yunfei. Born in Xiandong, the infinite scenery is in the dangerous peak. " Students understand the meaning of the sentence "Infinite scenery on the dangerous peak" through reading. Then, it leads to the topic, pointing out that Wang Anshi's Travel Notes of Baochan, which we are going to study today, also contains similar profound philosophy.
2. Overall feeling:
Play the text with the tape recorder first, then organize the students to read the full text, understand the main idea of the article and grasp the content of the article as a whole. Correct incorrect pronunciation. And check the students' understanding by asking questions:
(1) What paragraphs are the key points in the text? (Section 65438 +0 and 2)
② What part is the discussion in the third paragraph aimed at? (Article 2)
What is the conclusion? Therefore, people without will can't come. If I can't do what I want, I can have no regrets. )
(3) What part of the discussion in the third paragraph is aimed at? (Article 3)
What is the conclusion? Therefore, scholars can't take it seriously without thinking deeply. )
(4) Please read the text carefully and find out the sentence that can be used as a footnote to \ \ "Infinite scenery on a dangerous peak \" ("Extraordinary and refined worldview is often in danger").
3. Writing order:
First, the origin of real names and aliases
Remember to swim through this hole.
C, express the feeling of swimming in the cave
D, abbreviated as servant monument and feelings.
E, make up the people who travel with you, and remember the travel time.
4. Text analysis:
A, guide the students to read the first two paragraphs by themselves, and ask them to describe the journey across the mountains. Put forward the explanation methods of key notional words from the students' answers.
("She nationality" is interpreted as "building houses for settlement" in the notes. What is the basis? What similar sentences have you seen? What are the characteristics of ancient Chinese? -using nouns flexibly as verbs, I learned that "the donkey can't be angry, but its hoof is on it" and "the public will bulge it". Summary: "Praise begins at its address", which must be preceded by a verb to express the action of praise. Therefore, the word "shed" must be extended, and people will think that "shed" is built by people, so it is interpreted as "building a house to settle down". This is an attempt to figure out the meaning of words from their positions and relationships. Therefore, we should examine the language environment, not only in sentences, but also pay attention to the relationship between sentences. The first two paragraphs are similar in usage: hence the name "Zanchan". Name: Nouns as verbs mean "naming". The fire is still bright enough. Ming: Adjectives are used as verbs, meaning "lighting". This is the flexible use of parts of speech)
B. Ask questions to examine students' understanding of the article.
(1) 1 Why do you mention the servant tablet and the words on it?
(As a foreshadowing for the following, the author made a detailed investigation on the words on the servant tablet and explored the origin of things, which fully embodied the exploration spirit of "seeking the depth of thinking", which is also the basis of "thinking deeply and taking care". )
(2) How are the outlines and details of the second section arranged? What are the comparisons? What is the function of these contrasts?
Draw a sketch of the hole before swimming. Write down the hole and what you saw and felt after swimming. )
(Contrast: front hole and back hole.
Flat and deep
Very little, very little.
I am shallow, and a good traveler is deep.
There is also the joy of seeing wonders compared with the regret of coming out of the hole. )
(role: pave the way for discussion. )
C, classroom training:
Summarize the meaning and usage of "Ming, Yue, Wen, Jin, Qi, Hao, Chu and Ji".
Finish Exercise 2 and Exercise 3 after class.
The second class:
1, introduce a new lesson;
The second paragraph describes the process of swimming back to the cave in detail, focusing on the regret of returning with a "lazy man" when the strength is still sufficient and the fire is still bright. There is also the comparison between the front hole and the back hole, which paves the way for the discussion in the third and fourth paragraphs.
2. Think about and answer the level of the second paragraph:
First floor: from the beginning to "then take it out", remember to swim through that hole.
The second layer: At the end of the paragraph, I remember what I saw in the back hole and express my regret.
3. Read the third paragraph:
The teacher demonstrates reading and punctuates comments, questions and discussions in time.
Ask a question
① When writing feelings in ancient travel notes, one sentence is often used to summarize the main idea of the full text. For example, the words "it's fun to be a satrap" and "it's fun to be drunk" in the last paragraph of Zuiwengting are the main idea of this article. Tell me which sentence can be used to summarize the main idea of this article.
("People who can't reach my goal can have no regrets." )
What does the author mean by "can't come"?
You can't reach the depths of the cave, and you can't see the "wonders". )
This is originally a "regret" thing. Why did the author say "no regrets"?
Because I have tried my best. )
(4) What does "do your best" mean?
An effort to realize one's wishes. )
Summary: "Do your best" is the key to this sentence.
discuss
(1) Which sentence is "do your best" or the previous paragraph?
("I'm sorry I can't travel with my husband, too." )
(2) What is the "extreme pleasure of traveling" aimed at?
Go deep into the cave. )
(3) Why can you "have fun" when you get to the depths of the cave?
("The deeper you go, the more difficult it is to walk, and the more amazing it is", "Extraordinary scenery is often in the distance". )
④ What is the real reason for the author's "regret"?
(Then stop. )
Summary: "Stop it" means giving up your will and giving in to others without making efforts. This is the key point of this sentence.
This leads to the conclusion of this paragraph: be ambitious.
4. Read and analyze the fourth paragraph:
Students read aloud and then discuss.
(1) What sentence does "ancient books don't exist" mean?
(Its prose is scattered. )
(2) What sentence does "later fallacy" refer to?
The word "Hua" today is just like the word "Hua". )
(3) From this point of view, do these two sentences refer to the unclear inscription and misrepresent "Huashan" as "Huashan"? Why?
(No, it is both a specific reference and a general reference, and it focuses on the general reference. From "How can we win Tao?" We can see that it refers to errors in text circulation or printing. )
Summary: This is a general writing method from the individual, and it also shows the author's broad mind and high ideological level.
From this, we can draw the conclusion of this paragraph: we should think carefully and treat it carefully.
5. Briefly talk about the fifth paragraph: Understand the writing and function of the ending of ancient travel notes.
6. Summary and expansion:
Central idea. (This travel note describes the mental journey of the author and several companions to Baochan Mountain, and comments on this life. It shows that in order to realize lofty ideals and achieve a career, besides certain material conditions, firm ambition and tenacious perseverance are needed, and it is proposed that the attitude of "careful consideration and prudence" must be adopted in academic research. )
Writing characteristics. (Seeing that things are reasonable, combining discussion with discussion, highlighting the key points, being detailed properly, having a tight structure and giving consideration to both before and after)
Exchange of ideas. Everyone will express their feelings after learning this article in one sentence. )
7. Classroom exercises:
Sort out the usage of the function word "qi" (combined with practice "three").
Finish exercise one after class.
8. Task:
Practice "Four" after class.
Recite the text after class.
Blackboard design:
Efforts should be made to embody procedural, generality, guidance and artistry.
Wang Anshi's "You Bao Chan"
Describe the mountain (mountain → courtyard → cave → monument) servant monument (1 section)
(1, section 2) Swimming hole (front hole → back hole) Back hole (section 2)
Talking about laziness and regret, ambition, strength and material things (section 3)
(Sections 3 and 4) Eliminating fallacies, Reflection and Caution (Section 4)
Look at things according to reason, pay attention to the combination of narration and discussion, be meticulous and appropriate, have a tight structure, and give consideration to both before and after.