1827, Hugo published the play Cromwell and its preface. Although the script was not performed, the preface was regarded as a declaration of French romanticism and an epoch-making document in the history of literature. It greatly promoted the development of French romantic literature.
Victor hugo 1830, Hugo's play Onani was staged in the Grand Theatre of the French Academy, which had a great influence and established the leading position of romanticism in French literature.
Onani tells the story of a robber from Spain, Onani, who rebelled against the king in the16th century. Hugo praised the robber's chivalry and aristocratic temperament, showing a strong anti-feudal tendency.
1830 In July, the "July Revolution" occurred in France, and the feudal restoration dynasty was overthrown. Hugo enthusiastically praised the revolution, the revolutionaries, and wrote poems to mourn the heroes who died in the street fighting.
Notre Dame de Paris, published in 183 1, is Hugo's most romantic novel. The plot of the novel is bizarre, tense, vivid, unpredictable, dramatic and legendary.
After the "July Revolution", France established the "July Dynasty" ruled by the big bourgeoisie headed by the financier Louis Philippe. In the July dynasty, Hugo was constantly being wooed. 184 1 year, Hugo was elected to the French bachelor's college. 1845, Louis Philippe made him a French aristocrat and became a member of the French House of Lords. Hugo's enthusiasm for struggle in creation has weakened. 1843, he wrote a mysterious play "garrison officer", which was booed by the audience and failed. Hugo was silent for nearly 10 years without writing.
1848 In June, the people of Paris held a revolution, overthrew the July Dynasty and established the Republic of China. Hugo didn't understand the revolution at first, but when the big bourgeoisie plotted to destroy the Republic, Hugo became a staunch pacifist. 185 1 65438 In February, louis bonaparte staged a coup, and Hugo participated in the anti-coup uprising organized by * * * and party member. After louis bonaparte came to power, the Second Empire of France was established. He pursued a policy of terror and ruthlessly suppressed the rebels. Hugo was persecuted and had to go into exile. During his exile, he wrote a political satire "Punishment Collection", and each chapter was accompanied by a section of Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte's policy agenda, satirizing and comparing the achievements of Napoleon I and the shame of Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte. He also wrote other political satirical pamphlets and satirical poems, attacking Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte's dictatorship. During this period, he published the novels Les Miserables, Marine Laborers and Smiling Man.
1870 When the Franco-Prussian War broke out, after France was defeated in Sedan, the Prussian army pushed Paris. At the critical moment of national peril, Hugo returned to the motherland after 19 years in exile. He made speeches everywhere, calling on the French people to rise up against the German aggressors and defend the motherland. He also bought two cannons with the reward of his work and reading poems, which showed his lofty patriotism.
Hugo didn't understand the revolution during the Paris Commune uprising. However, when the commune failed and the reactionary government frantically suppressed the commune members, Hugo angrily condemned the cruelty of the reactionaries. He called for the pardon of all commune members and announced in the newspaper that his residence in Brussels, Belgium would be used as a refuge for exiled members. To this end, his home was attacked by reactionary thugs, and he almost died, but he still held his ground.
Hugo's life's works cover all fields of literature. Critics believe that his creative ideas are closest to modern ideas. After his death, France mourned and was buried in the Pantheon, where commemorative cards of French celebrities gathered.
The most popular romantic story of victor hugo Hugo in France is that at the age of 30, he met the 26-year-old actress Juliet Derouet and fell in love. Together or apart, Hugo wrote love letters to Juliet Derouet almost every day until Juliet Derouet died at the age of 75. In the past 50 years, he has written nearly 20,000 letters without interruption. The leading idea that runs through Hugo's life activities and creation is humanitarianism-opposing violence and controlling "evil" with love.
Hugo (1802 ~ 1885) was the leader of the active romantic literary movement in the early19th century, an outstanding bourgeois democratic writer in the history of French literature, and experienced almost all the major events in France in the19th century. He wrote many poems, novels, plays, various essays, literary comments and political articles in his life, and was an influential figure in France.
Hugo's creative history is more than 60 years, and his works include 26 volumes of poems, 20 volumes of novels, 79 volumes of plays 12 and 2 volumes of philosophical papers1,which adds a brilliant cultural heritage to the treasure house of French literature and human culture. Representative works include: the novel Notre Dame de Paris (that is, the hunchback of Notre Dame de Paris), Les Miserables, Marine Labors, Smiling Man 1993, poetry collection Light and Shadow, Letter to Captain Butler on the British-French Allied Expedition to China (Lesson 4, Volume 1, eighth grade Chinese textbook of People's Education Publishing House). Shanghai Nine-year Compulsory Education Textbook, Grade 6, Volume 2, Lesson 10. Hubei education publishing house, volume 2, grade 6, lesson 2 1. Speech commemorating the centenary of Voltaire's death (selected from the sixth lesson of the first volume of the ninth grade of People's Education Publishing House)
Hugo worshipped chateaubriand, an early French romantic writer, since he was a child. 1827 Cromwell and: Preface, a poetic script known as the manifesto of the French romantic drama movement, is an extremely important literary work of Hugo. 1830, he wrote the first romantic drama "Onani" according to the theory in the preface, and its performance marked the victory of romanticism over classicism.
Notre Dame de Paris (183 1) is Hugo's first large-scale romantic novel. It wrote a story that happened in France in the15th century: Claude, the vice bishop of Notre Dame, was hypocritical and snake-hearted, and loved first and then hated, persecuting the gypsy girl Ais Melar. Quasimodo, the ugly and kind bell ringer, gave his life to save the girl. The novel exposes the hypocrisy of religion, declares the bankruptcy of asceticism, praises the kindness, friendship and self-sacrifice of the lower working people, and embodies Hugo's humanitarian thought.
Les Miserables (1862) best represents Hugo's ideological and artistic style. With his outstanding artistic charm, he showed the cruel reality that capitalist society enslaved working people and forced them to engage in prostitution. However, the author is convinced that only moral influence is the best way to cure social disasters. Although there are many realistic factors in the novel, it is still a romantic masterpiece in terms of characterization, environmental description, symbolism and contrast skills.
Notre Dame de Paris and Les Miserables have been made into movies for many times, which have been widely circulated around the world and become classics.