Cao Cao's short songs
Cao Cao has two short songs. The first one is very famous. This poem expresses the poet's desire for virtue and ambition to unify the world through singing at the banquet in a calm and frustrated style. The whole poem is profound, solemn and elegant, and full of emotion, which is one of Cao Cao's representative works. Autumn comes and goes, which makes people envious. In sharp contrast with the geese flying south in Qiu Lai, this man who is bound and hopeless to return to the south shows the poet's inner sadness more.
song
one
Calling for Song one after another, how many days do we have?
For example, morning dew is much more difficult to go to Japan.
Be generous, and your troubles will be unforgettable.
How to solve your worries? Only Du Kang.
Qingqing is your collar, YY is my miss.
But for your sake, I've thought it over.
A herd of deer, yo, ate mugwort in Ye Yuan.
I have a group of good guests, playing the piano and playing the piano.
As clear as the bright moon, when can I forget it?
The troubles come from this and cannot be cut off.
The weirder, the more useless.
Talk about it, and remember the past.
There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south.
Turn around the tree three times, what branches can you rely on?
The mountain is never too high, and the sea is never too deep.
The duke of Zhou vomited, and the world returned to the heart.
Note ①: People's Education Edition is "sea" and Guangdong Education Edition is "water".
Secondly,
Zhou Xibochang, Huai Dede.
There are three points in the world and two points.
Cultivate contributions, and the Minister's Day is not long.
The worship of Hou Wei is based on detention.
After seeing the original forgiveness, he gave me an axe and a shovel, and I want to conquer.
As Zhong Ni said, to achieve virtue,
Let's serve Yin and talk about its beauty.
Qi Huan's contribution is the first of the tyrants.
Nine princes, one conquers the world.
Conquer the world, not with personnel carriers.
Without criticism, its virtue is to say.
Confucius sighed and said that the people benefited from it.
If you give it to the temple, you will die.
Xiaobai dare not, Tianwei is close at hand.
Jin Wen is also a tyrant, bowing to the king of heaven.
Someone gave me a bow,
Lu Gongya has 1,000 men and 300 warriors.
Conquering princes is respected by teachers.
The quartet heard of it and named it Ya Qi Huan.
The meeting of Heyang, pretending to be Zhou Wang, is famous.
Precautions:
Sing a song about wine: sing a song while drinking wine. When, it means singing.
Geometry: How much?
I suffered a lot in the past: I suffered too much in the past. There is a sigh that life is short.
Generosity: refers to impassioned singing at a banquet. When? There is no practical significance here.
Du Kang: According to legend, he was the first person to make wine, which means wine here.
Qing Qing Zi Tiao (Jρn) has a long heart: from The Book of Songs Zheng Feng Zi Tiao. Originally written about a girl who misses her lover, it is used here as a metaphor for people who are eager for talent and knowledge. Son, address each other respectfully. This is an antique collar. Green fern is the dress of Zhou scholars, referring to the learned people here. Long, long-term appearance, describes continuous thinking.
Thinking: originally refers to whispering and thinking, here refers to missing and admiring the sages.
Yo (not you) yo Luming Literature, wild apple. I have a guest who is blowing: Xiaoya Luming Literature in The Book of Songs.
Yo-yo: Deer bark.
Drum: Playing.
Ping: Artemisia argyi.
When can I get it? When can I get it? Answer the phone. Answer the phone.
Cross the street: Cross the criss-crossing paths. Strange things go to the path of the field. Money, a north-south path.
Misuse and coexistence: condescending to visit. Waste, here means "waste driving"; Use, and. Save, greet, miss.
Yan: the same face (Yan in the original text).
Turn (zā): week, circle.
The sea is never too deep: a book called Water is never too deep. [2] The "Pipe Shape Solution" is cited here. The original text is: "The sea does not hesitate to water, so it can become big; The mountain does not leave the soil, so it can become high; Knowing the Lord never tires of others, so we can become many "means that we hope to accept as many talents as possible." "
Yuè: An ancient weapon.
Jué: treacherous.
Confucius sighed and said that the people benefited from it.
Sacrificial meat: meat provided during ancient sacrifices.
Zan: Ancient jade wine-making vessels.
Chang: Ancient sacrificial wine.
Lu Gong Yaqian, Hu Ben (bēn): Warrior King Wu.
Pa (pā): flowers.
Translation:
Singing while drinking is short.
Just like the morning dew is fleeting, there are too many lost days!
The songs on the table are passionate and generous, and melancholy has filled my heart for a long time.
By what to alleviate depression? Only binge drinking can set you free.
Those students who wear blue-collar (Zhou Dynasty bachelor's clothing), you make me miss day and night.
Just because of you, I have been chanting with deep sadness ever since.
In the sunshine, the deer are chirping on the green slope and eating leisurely.
Once talented people from all over the world come to our home, I will entertain guests in blowing sheng.
When can I pick the bright moon hanging in the sky?
My long-standing worries and resentment suddenly welled up and merged into a long river.
Guests from afar came to see me one after another on the field path.
Meet again after a long separation, have a long talk, have a full meal, and try to tell the old feelings.
The moon rises, the stars twinkle, and a flock of nesting blackbirds fly south.
Fly around the tree for three weeks without breaking your wings. Where can you live?
The mountains do not hesitate to look at the towering rocks, but the sea does not abandon the trickle to see the grandeur.
I would like to be as courteous as the Duke of Zhou, and I would like the heroes of the world to submit to me sincerely.
Secondly,
Ji Chang is known as Xibo, with sound mind and high moral character.
The land of the Yin Dynasty was divided into three parts, and he had two parts.
Standardize the tribute and serve, without losing the duties of courtiers.
Just because of the slander of worshipping the late Jin, he was wrongly detained.
Later, he was pardoned for giving gifts and was given the right to attack with an axe and a shotgun.
He was praised by Kong Qiu for his noble character and prominent position.
He always surrendered to the emperor of the Yin Dynasty, and his reputation spread all over the world.
With Zhou Ligong as the leading factor.
Aggregating governors to defend the Central Plains and rectify the achievements of the world for generations.
Honest behavior, virtue is passed down behind.
Confucius praised Qi Huangong and Guan Zhong.
The people owe him a lot, and Jing surrendered without mercy.
The son of heaven gave meat to Huan Gong and ordered him to accept it instead of worshipping it.
Huan Gong said Xiaobai dared not, and the majesty of the son of heaven was close at hand.
Jin Wengong inherited the throne and personally sealed Zhou Wang.
Collect jade wine, archer 300.
Jin Wengong prestige town governors, from the wind is respected.
Fame spread from all directions, and its reputation is second only to that of Qi Huangong.
Pretend that the king of Zhou went out hunting and recruited his son of heaven to Heyang.
I called on everyone to obey the ceremony, so there was a lot of public discussion.
Overall appreciation
"Short songs" is an old topic in Han Yuefu, which belongs to "harmony and flat tone". This means that it was originally the name of a piece of music. The singing of this piece has been lost. However, in Yuefu's Harmony Tune, there are "long tunes" as well as "short tunes". Jason Wu's Interpretation of Ancient Poems in Yuefu in Tang Dynasty quoted the ancient poems Long song in Full swing, Ge Yanxing and Short Songs Can't Grow by Wei Wendi Cao Pi, Ge Yanxing and Ge Yanxing by Fu Xuan in Jin Dynasty, and The Governor came to Long song to continue short songs. Now we can only understand the musical characteristics of "short songs" according to this material. The music "A Short Song Line" originally had the corresponding lyrics, that is, "Yuefu Ancient Ci", but this ancient ci has been lost. The earliest "short song" that can be seen now is Cao Cao's "Two Short Songs", which is a quasi-Yuefu (adding new words with old Yuefu songs).
one
The theme of singing opera on wine is very clear, that is, the author hopes to have a large number of talents for his own use. In his political activities, in order to expand his ruling base among civilian landlords and crack down on reactionary hereditary forces, Cao Cao once strongly emphasized "meritocracy", and for this reason, he successively issued orders to seek talents, recruit scholars and escape. The "short song" is actually a "song of seeking virtue", and because it adopts the form of poetry and contains rich lyrical elements, it can play a unique infectious role, effectively publicize his persistence and cooperate with his decrees.
There are six interpretations of short songs (namely, six paragraphs), and this poem "Duijiu Yin" can be divided into four paragraphs according to the poem.
In the first eight sentences, the author emphasized that he was very worried, very worried. I'm worried because I can't find many "talents" to cooperate with him and make contributions together. Even Cao Cao, a formidable person, is actually worrying about talent, and its propaganda function is self-evident. If there are really "talents" among the landlords in Buyi, we can't help being moved and encouraged by these words. They are trying to find a way out. They didn't expect Cao Cao to be eager for talents there, so many people who are really talented or think they are talented are likely to be eager to try and "repay" him. On the surface, these eight sentences are very similar to the negative sentences in Nineteen Ancient Poems, but in fact they are quite different. Talking about "life geometry" here is not to ask people to "eat, drink and be merry", but to make contributions in time. Here, Cao Cao seems to be expressing his personal feelings, fearing that time will pass too fast and I am afraid there will be no time to make a difference; In fact, it is subtly infecting the vast number of "talents", reminding them that life is as easy to disappear as "morning dew". After many years, we must make up our minds and go to him to display our ambitions. Therefore, the rich lyrical atmosphere in the poem contains quite strong political purposes. Such a positive purpose and deliberately use a low tone to start, which of course shows that Cao Cao really has his melancholy thoughts, so he speaks the truth; But on the other hand, it is precisely because of this tone that we can open the hearts of people at the lower level who have experienced many difficulties and are eager to find a way out. Therefore, the intention and wording are true and ingenious. In these eight poems, the main emotion is a word "sorrow", which needs to be dispelled with wine. The emotion of "worry" itself cannot be evaluated, only the objective content of this emotion can be evaluated, that is, what is "worry". Worrying because of selfishness, decadence and even reaction is a negative emotion; On the contrary, worrying about the purpose of some progress becomes a positive emotion. Looking at the specific historical background, the melancholy expressed by Cao Cao here belongs to the latter and should be properly evaluated in history. A Qing poet Chen Ling's evaluation of this poem in "Shi Pin" can basically understand the meaning of Cao Cao's worries better than "Xing Jian". However, the so-called "building sages to pass on their descendants" is a bit far-fetched. Cao Cao was considering ending the war and unifying China with his own life. This is similar to the song of the great wind sung by Emperor Gaozu.
Then eight words of affection are even more lingering. The phrase "Qingqing" comes from The Book of Songs Zheng Feng Zi Jin. The original poem is about a girl who misses her lover. The four sentences in the first chapter are: "Qingqing Zi Jin, carefree in my heart. Even if I don't go, I'd rather not send a message? " Cao Cao quoted this poem here, saying that he had been reciting it in a low voice, which was really ingenious. He said that "a girl in green is lingering in my heart", which is of course a direct metaphor for missing "talented people"; But more importantly, he omitted two sentences: "Even if I don't go, I'd rather not send a message?" Because it is impossible for Cao Cao to look for those "talents" one by one, he reminded them in this subtle way: "Even if I don't look for you, why don't you take the initiative to look for me?" It can be seen from this implicit sentence that his meaning of "seeking the virtuous" is very thoughtful and indeed has touching power. And this touching power embodies the combination of politics and artistic creation. Of course, his profound and subtle intentions can't be fully expressed in the literature such as "Asking for a Scholar". As a poem, this "short Song Xing" can express feelings that cannot be expressed in political literature and play a role that cannot be played by political literature. Then he quoted four sentences from The Book of Songs Xiaoya Luming Literature to describe the host-guest banquet, meaning: "As long as you come to my place, I will be treated as a' guest' and we can get along happily and harmoniously." These eight sentences still don't clearly say the word "seeking the virtuous", because Cao Cao writes poems, so he uses allusions as metaphors, which is the performance of "being gentle, respectful and frugal". At the same time, the word "Jun" is also typical in Cao Cao's poems. Originally in the Book of Songs, this "gentleman" only refers to a specific person; Here, it has a wide range of significance: at that time, all the "wise men" who read Cao Cao's poem could think that he was the missing object of Cao Cao's meditation on amethyst. It is precisely because of this that this poem will play a huge social role if it is circulated.
The third eight sentences emphasize and take care of the above sixteen sentences. The above sixteen sentences mainly have two meanings, that is, worrying about seeking the virtuous and treating the virtuous with courtesy. If music is used as a contrast, it can be said that these are the two "main themes" of the whole poem, and the eight sentences of "Clear as the Moon" are the reappearance and variation of these two "main themes". The first four sentences are about sadness, not the first eight; The last four sentences are about the arrival of "talents". These are the last eight sentences. On the surface, the meaning is repeated by the first sixteen sentences, but in fact, due to the reproduction and variation of the "main theme", the whole poem is more melodious and repetitive, which strengthens the concentration of lyric. Judging from the theme of the poem, these eight sentences are not simple repetitions, but contain profound meanings. Because Cao Cao is constantly recruiting talents, then the latecomers may worry about "overcrowding"; Therefore, Cao Cao further said here that his heart of seeking the virtuous will not end like the bright moon, and the people will not have any worries, and there will be preferential treatment in the morning and evening. It is also the author's thoughtful expression to say this. On this point, the author will make it more clear in the following. It is just a connecting link and plays a transitional and buffering role.
The first four sentences of the last eight sentences are not only accurate and vivid descriptions of scenery, but also metaphorical meanings. This means that people who hesitate are at a loss in the situation of the three countries. Therefore, Cao Cao used the scene of blackbirds circling trees and "with what branches" to motivate them. Don't be half-hearted, be good at choosing branches and live, and come to your side quickly These four poems vividly describe the situation and mood of the hesitators, but the author not only does not accuse them at all, but reveals his concern and sympathy for these people in his rich poems. This just shows that Cao Cao is good at ideological work and he attracts and strives for talents with a reasonable attitude. And a feeling like this also gives full play to the unique infection effect of poetry. The last four sentences make the finishing point, clearly showing courage, hoping that all talents will give in and clarify the theme of this poem. "The mountain will never be too high, and the sea will never be too deep" is a very convincing expression. By analogy, the more talents, the better, and there will never be a situation of "a sea of people". The allusion of "Duke of Zhou spat" comes from "History of Han Poetry", saying that Duke of Zhou sometimes had to wash his hair and eat a meal in order to receive people from all over the world, and it was interrupted several times. Of course, this legend is somewhat exaggerated. However, this allusion is used here to highlight the author's thirst for talents.
Generally speaking, this poem, like Cao Cao's other poems, such as Good Li Xing, Nine-Nine Lines, and Crying in the Han Dynasty, is a highly political poem, mainly serving the political line and strategy implemented by Cao Cao at that time. However, its political content and significance are completely integrated into the rich lyrical artistic conception. The whole poem gives full play to the characteristics of poetry, accurately and skillfully uses metaphor, and achieves the goal of combining reason with emotion and touching. At that time, Cao Cao was able to achieve the expected social effect according to the special laws of lyric poetry, and this creative experience is obviously worth learning from later generations. At the same time, because Cao Cao's emphasis on "meritocracy" at that time had certain progressive significance, his highly artistic performance on the theme of "seeking talents" should also be affirmed by history.
Secondly,
Zhou Xibo is an epic, and the poet wants to express his feelings to courtiers at home and abroad and the world through historical events of harmony and harmony. In chronological order, the structure is clear: the first sentence 15 "Zhou Xibo Chang" is written, the middle sentence 15 "Qi Huan's Merit" is written, and the last sentence 13 "Jin Wen is also a tyrant" is written. Cao Cao wrote about them, emphasizing their achievements and virtues. In addition, it also highlights that despite their great achievements, they always respect the history of the son of heaven.
In this poem, Cao Cao praised great historical figures such as Zhou Wenwang, Qi Huangong and Jin Wengong, and actually used them to express his grand ambitions. Zhou Wenwang and Suoluo were still able to serve the people under the excellent situation that the world was divided into three parts in the Yin Dynasty. Therefore, Confucius advocated that "Zhou Zhide is the supreme virtue". However, Zhou Wang's confidant Chong Houhu still had to slander and destroy King Wen in front of Zhou Wang, and he was imprisoned. Cao Cao quoted this historical fact, which showed that he followed the example of Xibe Jichang, a sage, and affirmed what he had done, being cautious and always worthy of Xian Di's reward; Let's talk about Xibo, Ji Chang, Qi Huangong and Jin Wengong, all of whom were ordered to "go to war", which means that the situation in the world is quite similar to Xibo, Jihuan and Jinwen, and it is wise for the Emperor to order them to "go to war" to please his ministers. His attitude is very clear, that is, he doesn't want to be emperor on behalf of the Han Dynasty, but he wants to emulate Zhou Wenwang, Qi Huangong and Jin Wengong.
Emperor Xian of Han once wrote a letter to Jiu Xi Pian, in which Cao Cao's merits were fully described. He thought that his merits were higher than those of Iraq and Zhou, but his reward was lower than that of Qi Jin, so he gave Jue a land of Jiu Xi, which was an unprecedented reward. At that time, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty had become a puppet and Cao Cao was in power. Whether to abolish the emperor and usurp the Han dynasty became a major political event at that time. There are supporters, opponents, and people who want to make Cao Cao a target in the name of support. In this regard, Cao Cao knows well. At the age of 56, he wrote "Let the counties know their own stories", saying, "Either people are lonely and strong, but they don't believe in fate, and they are afraid of selfish evaluation. They say that they are inferior, think about it in vain, and worry every time they use it. Qi Huan and Jin Wen are so famous today that they can still serve Zhou Shi because they have great military potential. " The Analects of Confucius says: "There are two things in the world, the virtue of Zhou, and the ultimate virtue is to serve Yin. "Husband can roll with the punches." Cao Cao is good at summing up historical experience and lessons and can fight. In view of this, he was able to lead the governors to respect Zhou, but failed to be like Xibo Ji Chang, only created conditions for his son, King Wu. Once the talents of heaven and earth are ready, they will be mature, and there is no need to rush to notoriety. Cao Cao secretly rejoiced that he had won the loyalty of King Wen and finally served Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, instead of saying that he was lonely. So he waited for an opportunity to make Sun Quan a vassal, so he kept staring at the critical eyes and made plans unabashedly. When his confidants Chen Qun, Huan Jie and Xia Houdun sincerely advised Cao Cao to be emperor, Cao Cao also replied categorically: "Destiny is in me, and I am Zhou Wenwang." Following the established policy is actually the essence of Cao Cao's administration and management.
This song "Zhou Xibochang" is a collection of Xibo's three parts of the world in Historical Records and Yin Benji, which advocates the virtue of "courtiers are not prosperous". From Zuo Zhuan, the historical relics of Qi Huangong's "conquering the world without chariots" and Jin Wengong's "conquering kings" and "conquering princes" were cut into poems.
Cao Cao's four-character poem is unique after the Book of Songs. His four-character poems have neat sentence patterns and obvious sense of rhythm. However, this second poem, A Short Song, is different. This poem mainly uses four sentences, but there are some changes, such as a small number of five and six sentences, and many prose sentences. This shows that Cao Cao is not confined to the form of poetry, but can change flexibly at any time according to his expressed thoughts and feelings.
Cao Cao's Two Short Songs and Chanting to Wine are about remembering. When drinking at the wedding scene, he was excited about the scene at that time, expressing his feelings at the scene, and he was thinking about the world for thousands of years. In his persistent melancholy, he aroused the generosity of resisting ambition and expressed his desire for talents to rebuild Wang Ye. Zhou Xibochang is an epic poem with straightforward writing. It praised Zhou Wenwang, Qi Huangong and Jin Wengong's great virtues of sticking to the Minister's Day and benefiting the world with small things, and declared that they only had the ambition to help the Han Dynasty with all their strength, but never represented the heart of self-reliance in the Han Dynasty. The combination of the two poems fully shows Cao Cao's personality, education, ambition and ideal, and his poems are magnificent and elegant.