In the 6th century BC, The Book of Songs was compiled into a book, which included 65,438+060 local folk music, 365,438+0 elegant music, 74 short songs, 40 songs for music, 305 songs for * * *, and six lost songs. The producing areas include Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei and Shandong. There are poems reflecting the war, such as Xiaoya in June; Famous love poems such as Zheng Fengji; The ironic reality of "Feng Wei's attack on Tan": There are also a number of large-scale Zhou royal epics reflecting the founding history of the Zhou Dynasty, such as Sheng Min, Gongliu, Mian, Yi Di and Daming.
The Book of Songs, which is dominated by four-word reduplication, shows the characteristics of China's national literature. Since then, China's poetry has embarked on a lyrical road, and lyric poetry has become the main form of China's poetry. The enthusiasm for reality, strong political and moral consciousness and sincere and positive attitude towards life in The Book of Songs are summarized as the spirit of elegance, which has become the most basic and far-reaching tradition of China's poetry.
On the 14th day of the first month in 339 BC, Qu Yuan, the first great man in the history of China poetry, was born. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang compiled the works of Qu Yuan and Song Yu into a book, including Li Sao, Jiu Ge (1 1), Jiu Wen, Jiu Zhang (9) and Chu Ci.
Qu Yuan's poems created a new poetic style, which directly influenced the emergence of Han Fu. They also use a large number of Chu dialects, such as "you, Cai, Qiang, Zheng, jealousy and embarrassment", which have strong local color. Chu Ci highlighted the romantic spirit and influenced later poets such as Li Bai, Li He and Han Yu. The symbolic tradition of vanilla beauty.
Yuefu poems in the Han Dynasty entered the poetry world after The Book of Songs and Songs of the South, and were collected by Yuefu organs in the Western Han Dynasty and Huangmen Propaganda Department in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Yuefu poems are good at narrating, Lang tells about beautiful women's resistance to violence, Sang tells about Luo Fu's refusal to be too defensive to pursue, and Xing tells about his wife sewing clothes for vagrants, which arouses her husband's suspicion. Together, it fully reflects the true face of the whole society that both persuades the rich and sympathizes with the suffering. Yuefu poems in the Han Dynasty realized the transition from four-character poems to five-character poems with miscellaneous words.
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, poems created by literati groups appeared. Five words have replaced the traditional four words to become a new poetic style, and even produced a complete seven-character poem. The earliest extant literati poem in the Eastern Han Dynasty is Ban Gu's Ode to an Epic, and his Poem of Bamboo Fan is an early and complete seven-character poem. The most famous literati poem is Nineteen Ancient Poems. Without the author's name, it is about wandering wanderers and worries about women. So nostalgia and romance are integrated. At the same time, it also involves many philosophies of life, such as eternity and brevity, people's mentality and life cycle, sadness and joy. Literati's poetry is good at lyricism and perfect in language, which directly influenced Cao Zhi and Tao Yuanming.
From the Jian 'an period at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the early period of Cao Wei, there were three Cao Cao and seven poets. In ancient times, Cao Cao was straightforward and sad, Cao Pi was graceful, Cao Zhi was both a father and a brother, and the seven sons of Jian 'an were two wings, which completed the final transformation from Yuefu folk songs to literati poems and opened up a broad road for five-character poems. More famous are Cao Cao's short songs and Cao Pi's Eight-Beam Poems.
"Jian 'an Style" is a distinctive and energetic style in Jian 'an literature, especially in five-character poems. Based on the writer's generous thoughts and feelings, he has formed the characteristics of deep ambition, broad outline, sadness and generosity. The distinctive personality and characteristics of the times have become the unique charm of Jian 'an's poetic style.
In the late Cao Wei, Sima came to power, and a group of people were dissatisfied with Sima's rule and lived in seclusion in the mountains. Seven people, led by Ruan Ji and Ji Kang, are called "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". Ruan Ji's representative work is Eighty-two Poems about Love, which is the first series of political lyric poems in the history of China literature. Poetry is full of loneliness and depression, but under political pressure, they dare not speak out and entrust contrast and symbol to their arms.