China national musical instruments are often divided into four categories: blowing, pulling, playing and playing. China national musical instruments are mainly divided into four types: wind instruments, plucked instruments, percussion instruments and stringed instruments. China national musical instruments have a long history. Only from the unearthed cultural relics can it be confirmed that as far back as the pre-Qin period, there were various musical instruments. These ancient musical instruments show people the wisdom and creativity of the Chinese nation.
1. Wind instruments
The pronunciation of wind instruments in China is mostly made of bamboo or wood. According to the different vibration starting methods, it can be divided into three categories:
The first category, there are flutes, flutes (Qu Di and Bangdi), flutes, etc.
in the second category, there are suona, sea flute, pipe, double pipe and throat, etc. which make the pipe string vibrate when the airflow blows through the whistle.
in the third category, there are sheng, Bao sheng, Paisheng, Bawu, etc., which are caused by airflow passing through the reed.
2. plucked instruments
plucked instruments in China are divided into horizontal and vertical types. Horizontal style, such as: Zheng (Guzheng and Tuned Zheng), Guqin, dulcimer and solo piano, etc. Vertical, such as: Pipa, Ruan, Yueqin, Sanxian, Qin Liu, Dongbula and Zamunie. Most of the instruments played are rhythmic, except for the solo, but the aftersound is short, so it is necessary to roll or turn the long sound. Generally, the strength of plucked instruments has not changed much. In the band, except for the guqin, the sound penetration of other instruments is strong.
3. percussion instruments
There are many kinds of percussion instruments in China, with rich skills and distinctive national style. According to their different pronunciations, they can be divided into:
(1), sounding brass, such as: big gong, small gong, cloud gong, big and small cymbals, ringing bells, etc.
(2) Loud wood, such as boards, bangzi, wooden fish, etc.
(3) Leather, such as drums, banjo drums, paigu drums, elephant foot drums, etc.
China percussion instruments are not only rhythmic instruments, but also each percussion group can play independently, which plays an important role in setting off the music content, drama plot and increasing the expressive force of music. National percussion instruments are also often used in China Western Orchestra.
4. stringed instruments
stringed instruments mainly refer to huqin instruments. Although its history is shorter than other national musical instruments, it is widely used in solo, ensemble, ensemble and accompaniment because of its beautiful pronunciation, rich expressive force and high playing skills and artistic level. Most stringed instruments are two-stringed, and a few use four-stringed instruments, such as Sihu, Gehu and Ai Jieke.
snake skin, python skin, sheepskin, etc. covered on most piano tubes; A few boards are used, such as coconut palm and banhu. A few are flat or oblate, such as Ma Touqin, Hu, Banhu, etc., and their timbres are elegant and soft, and some are clear and bright; Some are vigorous, cheerful and full of singing.
Extended information
There are nearly 7 kinds of musical instruments in the pre-Qin period. There are 29 kinds mentioned in the Book of Songs alone, including 21 kinds of percussion instruments such as drums, bells, cymbals, chimes, bells, etc., and 2 kinds of stringed instruments such as flutes, pipes, cymbals and sheng.
Due to the great increase in the variety of musical instruments, in the Zhou Dynasty, it was divided into eight categories according to the different materials used to make musical instruments: gold, stone, earth, leather, silk, wood, bamboo, which was called "eight tones" classification.
In the underground music hall of Ceng Houyi Tomb in Suixian County, Hubei Province, 124 ancient musical instruments were preserved. Whether it's a musical instrument giant weighing more than 5, kilograms-64 chimes, or drums, flutes, sheng and harps which are exquisite in modeling, production and painting, they all reveal to us the highly developed situation of China's music culture during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, which is a witness to the glorious creation of ancient musical instruments in China.
since the Qin and Han dynasties, new musical instruments have emerged continuously. For example, a new type of stringed instrument appeared in Qin dynasty-"the people played the strings while drumming them." Xiannai is a pipa with a round sound box and a straight handle. Later, it developed into a "Han Pipa" with four strings and twelve columns in the Han Dynasty, also known as "Ruan Xian".
In the development history of Chinese musical instruments, it is worth noting that stringed instruments appeared much later than percussion instruments, wind instruments and stringed instruments. According to the literature, it was only in the Tang Dynasty (AD 618-97) that the "rolling Zheng" and "Xiqin" (Qin Qin in the Song Dynasty) rolled with bamboo pieces appeared.
The Qin in Song Dynasty was played with a ponytail bow, and the name "Huqin" appeared. For example, Song Shen Kuo said in his "A Talk on Mengxi": "The ponytail and huqin follow the Han car, and the music sounds like resentment." Since the Yuan Dynasty, various types of stringed instruments have been developed on the basis of Xi Qin and Hu Qin.
China's four categories of musical instruments, namely, blowing, beating, playing and pulling, have gone through a long historical stage. After the founding of New China, a lot of explorations and reforms have been made in the following aspects: impure sound quality, inconsistent melody, unbalanced volume, inconvenient modulation, inconsistent pitch standards among fixed-pitch instruments, and lack of bass instruments in comprehensive bands. Great achievements have been made and many achievements have emerged.