Bai Juyi, what are you going to listen to here sooner or later? ? The cuckoo's bleeding cry and the ape's sobs. What does Du Fu mean in it?

In the study of poetry in Unit 2 of Compulsory 03, the analysis of typical images appears many times. For example, the four allusions in Jinse use the superposition of multiple images to describe a confused, frustrated and melancholy artistic conception. There are also "apes crying in the wide wind", "cuckoo crying with blood, apes crying" in Pipa Xing and "cuckoo crying sadly" in Shu Dao Nan. Among these four poems, three are about the use of cuckoo images, and two are about apes, which are highly visible. Images like this, especially the "cuckoo" image, not only prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, but also appeared in Li Bai's "Seeing Rhododendron in Xuancheng": "Shu once heard of Rhododendron, and Xuancheng also saw Rhododendron. "Qin Shaoyou's" Walking on the Rocks ":"It is a lonely hall closed in the cold of spring, and the cuckoo sounds in the sunset. In Cao Xueqin's poems, we can still hear Du Fu's crying and moaning: "Du Fu is speechless at dusk" (Flower Burial) and "Du Yu's Spring Return" (Peach Blossom Walk).

What does cuckoo mean? Rhododendron, commonly known as Rhododendron, also known as Zigui, Du Yu and Zijuan. In spring and summer, cuckoos crow all night, crows are crisp and short, arousing people's feelings. If you look closely, the oral epithelium and tongue of rhododendron are red, which the ancients mistakenly thought was full of blood. Just when the azaleas are singing, it is the time when the azaleas are in full bloom. When people see that the azaleas are so bright red, they say that this color is the blood of azaleas. As the Tang Dynasty poet Cheng wrote, "What is the merit of cuckoo?"? It is suspected that there is blood in the mouth, which drips on the branches and becomes flowers. " In ancient China, there were myths and legends about "Looking at the Emperor and Singing the Rhododendron". Wang Di, the legendary monarch of Shu in the late Eastern Zhou Dynasty, was named Du Yu. Later, Zen retreated, and unfortunately the country died. After death, the soul turned into a bird. As for the bleeding in the mouth, its voice is sad and touching, named Du Fu. In China's classical poems, Du Fu is often associated with bitterness. In Li Bai's poem, he said, "Huayang wept, and Wendaolong crossed five streams." Wen Tianxiang's Two Poems on Jinling: "From now on, Biejiang South Road will become a raven with blood." The cuckoo's crow seems to say "it is better to go home", and its crow can easily touch people's homesickness. Fan Zhongyan in the Song Dynasty said: "The smoke cries at night, the trees fly by day, and the spring mountains are infinitely good. It is better to go home than to go home. " Therefore, cuckoo or flower is a myth, which gives the poet sorrow and endless sorrow. For thousands of years, China literati regarded the cuckoo as a sad bird and a symbol of sadness.