First, there are three sources.
1. Won surname Sun Boyi was born in Zhuan Xu and his ancestors were Zhao She. According to legend, Emperor Zhuan Xu had a granddaughter named Nvxiu, who was pregnant and gave birth because of eating swallow eggs. Boyi, the son of Daye, was given the surname of Won by Emperor Shun for his contribution to Dayu's water control. Da Lian, the son of Boyi, was born in Jisheng. There is a great-grandson named Zhao Fu, a driving doctor in Zhou Muwang. He was sealed in Zhao Cheng (now North Zhao Cheng, Hongdong County, Shanxi Province) for his meritorious service in quelling the rebellion in Xu Yanwang, and was called Zhao in history. After the establishment of Zhao. During the Warring States Period, the king of Zhao had a son named Zhao She, who was famous for his fighting skills. Because of his outstanding achievements, Zhao Huiwen was named Ma Fujun and was buried in Fengyi after his death. His descendants took "Ma Fu" as their surname at first, and later omitted the word "Fu", hence the name. Live in Handan. Historically, Ma's surname is authentic.
2. From his surname to Ma. For example, there was a man in the Han Dynasty whose real name was Ma Ya, who went to study as an official and changed his name to Ma.
3. Change his surname from his home. Horses in the Western Regions lived in Lintao Didao (now Gansu) and took horses as their surname. Yue Naihe, a Mongolian, was renamed Ma Shi and Zuchang because his ancestors were justice Fengxiang Military Forces at the end of the Jin Dynasty. After Ma Zuchang, it is Ma Shi. After Jin and Yuan Dynasties, it was the most popular name for Hui people.
Second, migration distribution.
ZIMMUR of Zhao She, also known as Zhao Jiang, lives in Handan. In BC 100, the State of Qin destroyed the State of Zhao and moved Mu Zhi to Xianyang, Shaanxi. After Ma Xing, Ma Heluo moved to Fufeng Maoling (now northeast of Xingping, Shaanxi). Since then, Fufeng Maoling has become the development and reproduction center of horse history.
From the Han Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, horses became a famous family in Fufeng Maoling, and also distributed in some places in Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Hubei, Sichuan, Gansu, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other provinces.
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Wang Chao and Wang Shen entered Fujian accompanied by the history of Henan people and settled in Fujian. Xu Zhou, a native of Yin, worked less as a carpenter and enlisted in the army. Sun Ru took Qin Zongquan's Ministry into Yangzhou, and transferred people from another general, Liu Jianfeng, to occupy Tanzhou. In 896, Liu Jianfeng was killed in the north, and Ma Yin took the lead. He was appointed as the secretariat of Tanzhou by the Tang Dynasty, and later served as the special envoy of our Wu 'an Army. In 907, he was made King of Chu by the Later Liang Dynasty, and the State of Chu was established, which lasted for 45 years. The descendants of Ma Fujun's thirteenth biography entered the customs with Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty (206 BC-BC 195). After entering the customs, Ma Fujun's descendants belonged to the Han nationality. The Ma family first settled in Xianyang, then moved to Bianliang, Kaifeng, and lived in Lin 'an, Zhejiang.
In the early Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 127 to 1 130), the official doctor Ma Gong went north to Guangdong with Song Gaozong Zhao Gou from Lin 'an, Zhejiang Province, and settled in the ancient port (now the north gate of Huicheng Town, Xinhui City). Ma Su was a professional doctor, a doctor of the five dynasties (the first sai-jo was a government doctor, the second sai-jo was a doctor in charge of the country, the third sai-jo was a doctor in charge of the country, the fourth sai-jo was a doctor in charge of punishment, Liang), and the third sai-jo was a satrap (the second sai-jo allowed the state government to take charge of the country, the third sai-jo was a doctor in Leizhou holding a frenzy, and the fourth sai-jo was a doctor in Yingde). After eight generations, the descendants of Magong in Zhibei have spread all over Huicheng and Dongting in Xinhui, Chaolian, Gaosha and Ma Yuan in Jiangmen, Baisha and Hengshan in Taishan, Mamen in Conghua, Gaoyao in Sihui, Shuiteng in Shunde, Henan in Guangzhou and the ancient town of Zhongshan. Later, the descendants of Ma Gong in each room lived in Shantou, Chaozhou, Yangjiang, Gaohe and Wuchuan. Ma Bei Gong is the first member of Ma Kai family in Lingnan. Knowing that Beimagong's family background is prominent, the court has two gold purple seals (the second ancestor holds the title of Duke of the country and the third ancestor Jigong was sealed), so it is known that Beimagong's ancestral home is Jinzi Street (now in front of the Great Hall of the People in Huicheng Town, Xinhui City). It is for this reason that the ancestors of Ma's settlements in Lingnan and overseas used the name "Golden Hall".
The lineal consanguinity from the ancestors of Lingnan Ma's ancestors to Taishan Ma's ancestors are: the first ancestor, the second ancestor, the third ancestor, the fourth ancestor, the fifth ancestor, Liang Bi, and the sixth ancestor, Xing Xun. The seventh ancestor followed the fine tradition and passed Kangping from the eighth ancestor to Yao Zuohe and Di Zuo (living in Haochong, Hengshan Mountain). The eighth ancestor, Kangding, gave birth to three sons who moved from Xia Lang, Ma Yuan and Xinhui to Zongzhi of Hengshan Mountain. Due to the harsh living environment here and now, and the chaos in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty, most descendants of Kangding moved to Chaozhou, Shantou, Xinhui and other places.
Kangping, the eighth ancestor, had no children and was succeeded by Turban (named Tian Bo), the second son of his cousin Kangcheng. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty (about AD 14 10), Kang Ping and his stepson Tian Bo moved from Xinhui, Ma Yuan to Baishamadong. Tian Bo envied Ma Dong's village, where the caves and mountains were beautiful, and the stone gate shook toward North Korea, so he settled down and hung up. Tian Bo, the ninth ancestor, gave birth to six sons. The eldest son fished, the second firewood, the third ploughed, the fourth ZIMMUR, the fifth oil refining and the sixth planting. He can be called the ancestor of the clan who made great contributions.
1995 and 1997, we conducted a systematic survey on the separation and population of the Ma family living in Taishan with several Ma family heads. The survey results show that there are Markov branches in many places in Taishan City, such as Baisha Town, Santai Town, Jiu Si Town, Hengshan Town and Wencun Town. Taishan horse has been handed down for 32 generations. According to the survey, the permanent population of this city is nearly 50,000. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 80,000 relatives living abroad in Xinhui, Enping, Gaozhou, Wuchuan, Yangjiang and Heshan in China.
After the Song Dynasty, the surnames of horses in Fujian, Guangdong and other places gradually increased. By the Ming Dynasty, people named Ma were all over Fujian. In the Qing Dynasty, some people moved to Taiwan Province Province, and then to Southeast Asia, Europe and America.
Bai's origin
[Author: Song reposted from: Xinjiang tourism hits: 13 Article input: Song]
The origin of Bai surname is complicated, and there are many unrelated tribes. "Yuan Ming Bao" said: "Emperor Yan has a strange son, Bai Fu, who is the water vein of Shennong and should be the beginning of Bai surname." This is a branch of Bai.
"New Tang Book Prime Minister's Genealogy" said: "Bai is from Ji's surname. Sun Yuzhong, the fifth king of the Zhou Dynasty, was sealed in Pinglu East, Shanxi, and was destroyed by Jin. Jing Boxi, the prince of danger, went to the State of Qin as a dowry slave of the State of Jin, and was later appreciated, so he was named Bailixi. The Western Prosperity, whose real name is Meng, was named after the ancient people used the word "name" first. Meng has two sons: one is Xiqiao, the other is Bai, and later he thought it was his surname. " Bai's descendants took Bai as their surname, forming another branch of Bai. Because the capital of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period was located in Yong (now southeast of Fengxiang, Shaanxi), this White House originated in today's Shaanxi.
Bai Juyi's "Taiyuan Baijiaer Road" describes the lineage of Bai's ancestors, saying: "The Bai family has a surname, and the Chu family also. Chuxiong lives in Prince Jianben Zheng. The son of the sword wins. I live in Wu Chu,no. Baigong, because of my home. " This white surname is a descendant of Chu nationality in the Spring and Autumn Period.
In addition, according to legend, there was a White Republic in the ancient south, where Baizhou (now Bobai County, Guangxi) was located in the Tang Dynasty, and the local people took the land as their surname, also known as Bai. This is the cloud "Yizhou Book is a country of white people, today's white state, or there are people who take the land as their surname" in Seeking the Origin of Surnames.
The early Bai family was mainly distributed in Qin, Chu and Wei. During the Warring States Period, Bai Qi (now Meixian County, Shaanxi Province), a famous general of Qin State, won many battles. In 278 BC, he conquered Du Ying, the State of Chu, and was forced to commit suicide. After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he named his son Zhong Bai in Taiyuan because of his merits, and his descendants were from Taiyuan.
The Book of the New Tang Dynasty says that Bai Qi is a descendant of Bai, and The Second Family Style of Tai Yuan Bai says that Bai Qi is a descendant of Bai. Zhong Bai, the 23rd Sun Baiyong, was appointed as the Northern Wei satrap, and the 5th Sun Baijian, a minister of five soldiers in the Northern Qi Dynasty, was awarded the title of Tian Hancheng for his work. Bai Wen, the great-grandson of Bai Jian, was appointed as a school official in the Tang Dynasty and moved to the lower corner of Huazhou (now the northeast of Weinan, Shaanxi). His sixth son, Zhong Bai, was appointed as an official of Gongxian County and lived in Zhengzhou. He gave birth to five sons, each of whom was scattered in all directions with his officials. Bai, his eldest son, was appointed as a driver in Xiangzhou and gave birth to four sons. The second son is Bai Juyi, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi lived in Xiangshan, Luoyang in his later years and became the ancestor of Bai's move to Luoyang. His descendants spread to Yanshi, Yichuan, Yiyang, Gongyi, Zhengzhou, Xinzheng and Qinyang in Henan. In addition, Bai Juyi moved to Shandong during the Qin and Han Dynasties. For example, in the Western Han Dynasty, he was a native of Lanling in the East China Sea (now southwest of Cangshan County, Shandong Province); During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, some people moved to Ningxia, Gansu and Guangxi. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, Bai Xiaode was from Anxi (east of Lintan County, Gansu Province) and Bai Song was from Maping (Liuzhou, Guangxi). At this time, people with other surnames changed their surnames to Bai; During the Song and Ming Dynasties, it was also distributed in Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Fujian, Hebei and some places in the northeast and northwest. Since the Qing Dynasty, Fujian people and Guangdong Bai people moved to Taiwan Province Province, and then to Singapore and other countries.
Bai Juyi is the most outstanding figure in the achievements of Bai culture. He was a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, a senior minister of the Ministry of Punishment, and actively advocated the new Yuefu movement in literature, advocating that "articles should be written in time and poems should be written for things"; It's called "History of Poetry". In addition, there were two Bai Gui in the Warring States period, one was a trade theorist and the other was a water conservancy expert. Bai Yuju, a native of Lingwu (now Ningxia) in Sui Dynasty, rose in the ninth year of Daye (6 13), and the number of insurgents has grown to tens of thousands. In the Tang Dynasty, there were writers Bai Xingjian (Bai Juyi's younger brother) and Bai Minzhong, the prime minister of Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Five generations later, there was a China secretary named Bai. Bai Pu, one of the four masters of Yuan Dynasty's zaju, is represented by Up the Wall. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, there was a general of the Red Scarf Army who didn't believe it. There was a water conservancy expert Bai Ying in Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, there were calligraphers Bai and famous officials Bai Zhuntai. In modern times, there were Bai Lang, the leader of peasant armed uprising in western Henan, Bai Yukun, a geographer, and Bai Chongxi, minister of Guangxi Department of Kuomintang.
Today, Bai is the 73rd surname in China, which is not only the most popular surname of Han nationality, but also has a large population among Hui and Mongolian.