The original text, translation and appreciation of Niannujiao·Chibi Nostalgia 1
Original work
Niannujiao·Chibi Nostalgia——[Song Dynasty] Su Shi
Go to the east of the Yangtze River, and the waves will be gone, and you will be a first-class figure through the ages. Therefore, on the west side of the fortress, the human path is: Chibi, Zhou Lang of the Three Kingdoms. Rocks and clouds collapsed, stormy waves crashed onto the shore, and thousands of piles of snow rolled up. The country is picturesque, and there are so many heroes at one time.
I think back to Gong Jin’s time, when Xiao Qiao got married for the first time and looked majestic and handsome. Feather fans and silk scarves, while talking and laughing, the rafts and oars disappeared into ashes. My motherland wanders in my mind, I should laugh at my passion, and I will be born early. The world is like a dream, and one statue still shines in the moonlight.
Notes
Niannujiao: the name of the word brand, also known as "Hundred Character Order". Double tone, one hundred words, oblique rhyme, mostly using entering tone. The Red Cliff where Zhou Yu defeated Cao Cao was in present-day Puqi County, Hubei Province. The place where Su Shi visited was Red Cliff in Huangzhou, also known as Chibiji.
Dajiang: Yangtze River.
The waves have washed away all the great figures of the ages: The outstanding figures of the past thousands of years have all been washed away by the waves rolling eastwards. Wash, rinse. A first-rate figure, an outstanding figure in history.
Fortress: an old fort in ancient times.
Zhou Lang: Zhou Yu.
Chibi: Place name. Zhou Yu defeated Cao’s army in Chibi.
Rocks pierce the sky: steep and uneven stone walls shoot straight into the sky.
Rolling up thousands of piles of snow: The rolling waves are like thousands of piles of white snow.
How many heroes were there at that time: How many heroes were produced at that time.
Gong Jin: Zhou Yu’s name.
Xiao Qiao: Zhou Yu’s wife.
Majestic posture and heroic hair: Describes Zhou Yu's majestic posture and high-spirited spirit.
Feather Fan Lun (ɡuān) scarf: holding a feather fan in hand and wearing a Lun scarf on the head, this was the attire of Marshal Ren, a scholar at that time. Lun scarf, a scarf woven with green silk ribbon.
Qiang and scull: a tool for rocking the boat. Qiang, the mast of the ship.
Into ashes: The fleet was burned and disappeared like soot.
If you laugh at me for being sentimental, I will grow gray hair prematurely: If you laugh at me for being sentimental, I will grow gray hair prematurely. You should laugh at me if you are passionate, which is the inversion of "Laugh at me if you are passionate".
One statue returns the moon in the river: Let’s pay homage to the bright moon in the river with a glass of wine. Zun, wine vessel. He poured wine on the ground to pay homage.
Modern Translation of Ancient Poems
The Yangtze River flowing eastward is like a long river of time. Over the past thousands of years, it has carried away generations of outstanding talents. To the west of the old fortress, people say it is the red cliff where Zhou Lang defeated Cao's army during the Three Kingdoms period. Steep and uneven stone walls reached into the sky, and astonishing huge waves crashed against the river bank, rolling up thousands of snow-like waves. What picturesque rivers and mountains, how many heroes were created during that period!
Thinking back to Zhou Gongjin back then, Xiao Qiao had just married him, how majestic his posture must have been. Holding a feather fan in his hand and wearing a black silk scarf on his head, while talking and laughing, Cao Jun's warship was reduced to ashes in the thick smoke and fire. Traveling among the ancient battlefields, you should laugh at me for being too sentimental and causing premature gray hair. A person's life is actually like a dream, so let's use this glass of wine to pay homage to the bright moon on the river!
Appreciation
Su Shi (1037-1101), courtesy name Zizhan, also known as Dongpo Jushi, was a native of Meishan (now Meishan County, Sichuan Province). He was born in a well-educated family. His father Su Xun was famous for his articles. His mother taught him to read "Hanshu" when he was young. He became a Jinshi in the second year of Jiayou (1057). Su Shi is a famous writer and one of the eight great writers of prose in Tang and Song Dynasties. He is knowledgeable and versatile, and has high attainments in calligraphy, painting, poetry, and prose. Especially the achievement of Ci is the highest, which can be said to be unprecedented. He expanded the subject matter and connotation of Ci, broke the shackles of Ci specifically expressing love and sorrow, and created a generation of bold and upright Ci style with powerful writing and lofty artistic conception.
In July of the fifth year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 1082), Su Dongpo, who was demoted to the deputy envoy of the Huangzhou regiment for opposing Wang Anshi's reform, took a boat to visit Red Cliff. Facing the ancient battlefield, the poet felt sad and wrote this eternal song. In his lyrics, the author expressed his admiration for heroes and his yearning to achieve heroic careers by recalling the ancients, and expressed his depression of being unable to display his talents and ambitions.
Shangque: chanting Red Cliff, expressing feelings at the scene. By describing the ancient battlefield, the poet expresses his memory of ancient heroes.
"The great river goes eastward, and the waves are gone, and there are first-class figures throughout the ages." The work begins with the scene before the eyes of "the great river goes eastward". The water of the Yangtze River is written to give people the momentum and majesty of a rushing stream. Extraordinarily magnificent beauty. The surging river water running day and night makes people feel the passage of time and history, and triggers infinite nostalgia for the heroes of the past. Touching the scene and evoking emotion not only describes the scenery of the river in front of you, but also highlights the nostalgia for the past, which is majestic and full of emotion. The three words "Wang Tao End" implicitly and powerfully express the author's mood of paying homage to the ancient battlefield. This beginning also provides an environment and atmosphere for the subsequent depiction of Red Cliff and the memory of Zhou Yu.
"To the west of the ancient fortress, the humane way is: Chibi, Zhou Lang of the Three Kingdoms." Explain the location, era, and characters of the ancient battlefield, point out the meaning of the title, and elicit memories of the wars of the Three Kingdoms.
The skillful use of associative expression techniques brings readers into the review of that war-torn historical scene.
"Rocks pierced through the sky, stormy waves crashed on the shore, and thousands of piles of snow were rolled up." This sentence describes the scenery of Red Cliff from the front*, that is, using dynamic brushwork to outline the magnificence and majesty of the ancient battlefield , its purpose is to hint at the war scenes at that time and inspire readers to imagine the intensity of the battle at that time and the heroic fighting style of Zhou Yu leading the navy. The words and sentences not only express the author's love for the great rivers and mountains, but also pave the way for the following praise of Zhou Yu.
"The country is picturesque, and there are so many heroes at one time." The author returned to reality from his thoughts about the ancient battlefield. The heroes have passed away like the water of the Yangtze River, leaving only the picturesque mountains and the "I" who have made no achievements. In terms of structure, the former clause is a summary and summary of the above, and it is a continuation of the above; the latter clause is an echo of the sentence "a first-class figure through the ages", and it is also the lead up to the following, writing Zhou Yu's works for the lower part. This is the beginning.
Xiaque: Embrace Zhou Yu and express feelings. With the help of his admiration for Zhou Yu, he expressed his feelings about his failure.
"I think back to the time when Gong Jin was young, when Xiao Qiao got married for the first time, with a majestic appearance. Feather fans and turbans, while talking and laughing, the oars and oars disappeared into ashes." In these two sentences, the author uses the point in the face. The writing method is to select one point - Zhou Yu - from many first-class cultural relics and describe it in detail. "Xiao Qiao is married for the first time, and he looks majestic and handsome" describes his youth, handsomeness, majestic spirit, grace and elegance. "While talking and laughing, the oars and oars were wiped out in ashes" describes his commanding general demeanor and outstanding ability in using troops and commanding operations. Talent. The author's focus on writing about Zhou Yu is not only to pay tribute to the ancients, but also to express his depressed feelings about the difficulty of achieving his ambitions. Zhou Yu was young and promising, and his achievements would go down in history. However, when he was nearly fifty years old, he had failed to achieve anything but was demoted. Naturally, he would feel sad after such a hardship, so he could only relieve himself by remembering the past.
"My motherland is wandering, I should laugh at my affection, and I will be born early." She sighed with emotion about her life experience, lamenting that life is short and impermanent, and her mood turned from excitement to excitement to negativity and depression.
"Life is like a dream, and one statue still shines in the moonlight over the river." He expressed his feelings through wine, and his deep emotions made the work linger. In addition to the heroic mood of pursuing merit, the author here shows a kind of negative and pessimistic mood. This is an objective reflection of the limitations of class* and the limitations of the times, and at the same time, he does not lose the heroic mood of pursuing merit.
In terms of writing style, this poem expresses the past and present, is majestic and desolate, and brings people back to the picturesque, majestic scenery* and profound historical contemplation, arousing readers. Infinite emotions and thoughts about life. In addition, the work skillfully integrates scenery, personnel, and philosophy, giving people an enjoyment of artistic beauty. (20xx-9-2) Nian Nujiao·Chibi Nostalgic Original Text, Translation and Appreciation 2
When the great river goes eastward, the waves are gone, and there are romantic figures throughout the ages.
On the west side of the fortress, the way of humanity is, Chibi, Zhou Lang of the Three Kingdoms.
Rocks pierced through the sky, stormy waves hit the shore, and thousands of piles of snow were rolled up.
The country is picturesque, and there are many heroes at one time.
I think back to Gong Jin’s time, when Xiao Qiao got married for the first time and looked majestic and handsome.
Feather fans and silk scarves, while talking and laughing, the boats and oars disappeared into ashes.
My motherland is wandering in my mind, I should laugh at my passion, and I will be born early.
Life is like a dream, a statue returns to the moon.
——Song Dynasty·Su Shi's "Niannujiao·Chibi Nostalgia"
Translation and Notes
Translation
The water of the river keeps rolling eastward Flowing away, the huge waves swept away the heroes of the ages.
To the west of the old fortress, people say it is the Red Cliff where Zhou Lang defeated Cao's army during the Three Kingdoms period.
The shore is lined with rocks, as if they are about to pierce the sky. Amazing huge waves are crashing on the river bank, and the waves are like thousands of piles of white snow.
The majestic mountains and rivers are as beautiful as pictures, and many heroes have emerged in one time.
I recall Zhou Yu’s triumphant life back then. Xiao Qiao had just married him as his wife, and she looked heroic, graceful, and radiant.
With a hand-held feather fan and a silk scarf on his head, he burned the powerful enemy's warship to ashes while talking and laughing.
Now that I am wandering in the past on the ancient battlefield, it is ridiculous that I have so much nostalgic tenderness that my hair on the temples is turning gray before I get old.
Life is like a dream, let me pour a glass of wine to pay homage to the bright moon on the river.
Comments
Niannujiao: the name of the word brand. Also known as "Hundred Character Order", "鹹江月", etc. Chibi: This refers to Chibi, Huangzhou, also known as "Chibiji", located in the west of Huanggang, Hubei Province today. The cultural circles believe that Chibi, the ancient battlefield of the Three Kingdoms, is located in the northwest of Puqi County, Chibi City, Hubei Province today.
Dajiang: refers to the Yangtze River.
Tao: flush, flush.
Celebrity figures: refers to outstanding historical celebrities.
Fortress: a fortress left over from the past.
Zhou Lang: Refers to Zhou Yu, a famous general of the Wu State during the Three Kingdoms period, named Gong Jin. "Gong Jin" in the following refers to Zhou Yu.
Snow: a metaphor for waves.
Remote thoughts: describes thinking far away; memories.
Xiao Qiao married for the first time (liǎo): "Three Kingdoms·Wu Zhi·Zhou Yu Biography" records that Zhou Yu attacked Anhui from Sun Ce and "got the two daughters of Mr. Qiao, both of whom were of national beauty. Ce took the bridge from Na, "Yuna Xiaoqiao." Qiao, this is "bridge". At that time, it had been ten years since the Battle of Chibi. The word "first marriage" here means that she was a proud young man, suave and romantic.
Majestic and heroic (fā): It is said that Zhou Yu has extraordinary physical appearance and outstanding speech. Yingfa, extraordinary conversational skills and outstanding knowledge.
Guān scarf: the casual attire of ancient Confucian generals. Lupine, a fan made of feathers. Lun scarf, a scarf made of blue silk.
樯橹 (qiánglǔ): This refers to Cao Cao’s naval warships. Qiang, the mast on which the sail is hung. Oar, a type of oar used to rock a boat. "毯橹" means "Qianglu", "Qianglu", and "Kanglu".
The wandering spirit of the motherland: a reverse text of "the wandering spirit of the motherland". Homeland: This refers to the old land, the battlefield of Chibi.
Wandering: traveling in imagination and dreams.
Two sentences of "passionate": "You should laugh at me for being passionate, because I will be born early".
Hua Fa (fà): gray hair.
One statue returns (huán) to the moon (lèi) over the river: The ancients poured wine on the ground to pay homage. This refers to pouring wine to reward the moon and expressing one's feelings. Zun: Same as "zun", wine glass.
Qianglu: A powerful enemy, referring to Cao Jun. Lu: A scornful term for an enemy.
Appreciation
This poem is nostalgic and lyrical, writing that I have exhausted my ambition and turned to pay attention to history and life with a broad-minded heart. The upper column mainly describes the natural scenery of Chibiji with wind and waves. The artistic conception is broad and broad, and the emotion is vaguely deep. When you start writing, you can lift the clouds vigorously, and you can lift powerfully. Combining the mighty rivers and people through the ages, he writes down the lines.
Since all the great figures of the ages have been wiped out by the waves, wouldn’t it be sad to have only one of them? However, Su Shi had other insights: Since it is inevitable for romantic figures throughout the ages to be like this, then there is no need to lament when one's own glory, disgrace, and poverty are so great! Since human beings have reached the same destination through such different paths, it would be too pedantic to be obsessed with temporary fame. The next two sentences cut into the nostalgic theme, specifically talking about the Three Kingdoms Red Cliff. The words "Humanity is" are used very appropriately. The hometown of the Battle of Red Cliff is highly controversial. One theory is that it was changed to Chibi City in present-day Puqi County, Hubei Province. But today there are four places in Hubei Province with the same name as Chibi, and the other three are near Huanggang, Wuchang, and Hanyang. The place Su Shi visited was Huanggang Chibi. He seemed not sure, so he used the words "humanity is" to elicit the following discussion.
The following five sentences of "Rocks" describe the spectacular scene of the surging river. Among them, the verbs such as "wear", "shoot" and "roll" are used vividly. "The country is picturesque" is a summary sentence for describing scenery. "How many heroes at a time" transitions from scenery to personnel.
The key point Su Shi wanted to write about was "Zhou Lang of the Three Kingdoms", so the whole story was triggered by Zhou Lang. Change the first five sentences to write about the Chibi War. Similar to Zhou Yu's laughter and debate, the author describes such a vigorous war with ease and ease. From the beginning of the sentence "a romantic figure through the ages" to "how many heroes at one time" and then to "reminiscing about Gong Jin's time", the line of sight kept narrowing, and finally focused on Zhou Yu. However, when writing about Zhou Yu, we do not write about his great wisdom and courage, but only about his elegant and elegant demeanor.
People who are not paying attention may easily regard "Feather Fan Lun scarf" as a nickname for Zhuge Liang, because Zhuge Liang's attire is famous for his feather fan scarf. But during the Three Kingdoms period, this was the usual attire of Confucian generals. People in the Song Dynasty also often used "feather fan" to refer to Zhou Yu. For example, Dai's poem "Red Cliff" said: "Thousands of years have passed since Zhou Gongjin, just as he is now. The heroic wind waves the feather fan, and the fierce fire breaks the building and the ship."
Su Shi It is said here that Zhou Yu is elegant and calm, but his emotions are complicated. The two sentences "homeland" were transferred from Zhou Lang to himself. Zhou Yu was thirty-four years old when he defeated Cao Cao, while Su Shi was forty-seven when he wrote this poem. Confucius once said: "If someone is forty or fifty and is unknown, it is nothing to be afraid of." From Zhou Yu's youth and promise, Su Shi thought of his own ups and downs, so he wrote the sentence "Sentimental people should laugh at me", which seems to be light. It's light, but its meaning is gloomy. But Su Shi is Su Shi after all. He is not a miserable Confucian, but a wise man who has overcome the favor and disgrace in the world. Therefore, after he realized his sorrow, he did not indulge in the sea of ??misery and self-destruction like Li Yu of the Southern Tang Dynasty, but placed Zhou Yu and himself in the entire history of the country to observe. In Su Shi's view, what about Zhou Yu, who was chic, calm and famous all over the world back then? Wasn't he also wiped out by the waves? With this comparison, Su Shi transcended from his sorrow. "Everywhere in life, we know what is the same, it should be like a flying dragon stepping on snow and mud. Occasionally there are fingers and claws left on the mud, and Hongfei can't count things." ("He Zi Nostalgia from Mianchi"). Therefore, after Su Shi made some comparisons with Zhou Yu, although he also saw that his political achievements were not comparable to Zhou Yu's, when it came to the development laws and universal destiny of the entire human race, there was actually no big difference between the two. With such deep thinking, I came to the conclusion of the poem, "Life is like a dream, and a bottle of wine returns the moonlight over the river." As he said in the poem "Moon over the Xijiang River": "The world is a big dream, and life has several cool autumns." Negativity and pessimism are not the true meaning of life, but transcendence and soaring are the song of life. Since everything in the world seems like a dream, why not sprinkle the bottle of wine on the reflection of the bright moon in the center of the river, get rid of the depression, enjoy the infinite from the limited, and let the spirit be free. His "Red Cliff Ode" written at the same time makes this point more clear and conclusive: "Only the cool breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains can be heard by the ears and made into colors by the eyes.
There is no limit to what can be taken, and it can be used inexhaustibly. This is the infinite treasure of the Creator, and this is what I and my son are most comfortable with. "This kind of transcendental and far-sighted text is like a replica of the thoughts of "Zhuangzi: Equality of Things". But Zhuangzi used this to avoid reality, and Su Shi used this to transcend reality.
Huangzhou has been Su Shi's thought for several years The period of transition was also a period when he continued to mature and become wiser. He used this to preserve his calm personality and maintain his pure spirit. This poem "Niannujiao" and several other poems written in the same period. Poems and articles all reveal clues to us.
Since its publication, this word has experienced two completely different fates, such as Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Yuyincong Hua" who praised it. "The language is sublime, and it is truly a masterpiece of ancient and modern times." Those who disparage it are like what Yu Wenbao said in "Blowing the Sword": "Dongpo was in Yutang, and there were ministers who were good at praising it." Because he asked: "How is my poetry better than Liu Qi?" ’ He said to him: ‘Liu Lang’s poem can only be combined with a girl of seventeen or eighteen, holding a red tooth plate, and singing ‘The dawn wind wanes on the willow bank’. To write a bachelor's poem, a big man from Guanxi must hold an iron plate and sing "The great river goes eastward". The public was utterly defeated. "On the surface, Mu Shi's remarks differentiated the two styles of poetry between Liu and Su in terms of singing style, but it also contained a mockery of Su's poetry that deviated from the traditional style of poetry. Some people in the Qing Dynasty believed that this poetry "has both flat and oblique sentences. "Unqualified" (Ding Shaoyi's "Tingqiu Shengguan Ci Hua"), Zhu Yizun's "Ci Zong" and detailed dialectics can also be said to be critical.
"Niannujiao" is a work written by Su Shi after he was demoted to Huangzhou. Su Shi was 21 years old Zhongjinshi lived most of his life in the study before the age of 30, and his official career was bumpy. Following the political turmoil in the Northern Song Dynasty, he was arrested and released from prison for writing a poem that satirized the new law. Later he was demoted to the deputy envoy of the Huangzhou regiment. This was a sinecure. He cultivated land in the old city camp and traveled to ancient times. He was politically frustrated, which fostered his thoughts and emotions of escaping from reality and being unappreciated. However, due to his open-minded mind, he became a great hero in the motherland. Inspired by the country and historical figures, he used the scenery to express his feelings and wrote a series of popular poems.
The poem "Nian Nujiao" is divided into two parts: the upper part and the lower part of the poem. Xia Que cherishes Zhou Yu and feels sorry for himself, and ends with his own emotions. The author is nostalgic for the past, thinking about the heroes of ancient times, using the heroic deeds sung by the ancients, and thinking about the setbacks he has experienced, and his unrealized ambitions. It reflects his inner sorrow and anger.
Shangque chants Red Cliff, focusing on the scenery to set off the description of the characters. The first three sentences not only describe the momentum of Dajiang, but also summarize the heroes of the ages. The yearning for heroes. The use of words such as "chaos", "wearing", "jing", "shooting" and "volume" is used to describe the dangerous situation of the ancient battlefield. It describes its majestic and majestic scenes, thereby exaggerating the environment and atmosphere for the heroes in the Red Cliff War that are recalled in the next film.
Xiaque rewrites the characters and expresses himself through his admiration for Zhou Yu. The emotion of failure in his achievements. The purpose of writing "Xiao Qiao" is to highlight Zhou Yu's talent and high spirits, and to highlight the character's demeanor. The description of Zhou Yu's military exploits in the middle is intended to contrast his old age and inaction. Although the last few sentences of "passionate" express sadness. But this kind of emotion is actually the expression of the poet's unwillingness to sink, his aggressiveness, and his striving for progress, without losing his heroic character.
The poet writes with a heroic mood.
He was a broad-minded man. Although he was frustrated in politics, he never lost confidence in life. This poem is a concentrated reflection of his complex mood. Although the poem is written in frustration, the style is heroic, which is similar to the works of frustrated literati. Obviously different. The heroic mood in the poem is first reflected in the description of the scenery of Red Cliff. The extraordinary scenery of the Yangtze River and the dangerous situation of the ancient battlefield give people a sense of heroism and heroic achievements.