Poetry usually expresses the poet's feelings and conveys the poet's thoughts with the help of specific descriptions. These feelings and thoughts are what we call ideological content, so we should grasp the preparation essentials of emotional poetry appreciation. When we read and appreciate poetry, we must first understand the author's feelings in the poem, which is the basis of speaking with the author and reading poetry. The college entrance examination examines the emotional grasp of the main questions are:
First, analyze the emotion contained in the poem.
The so-called analysis of the emotion contained in the poem is to extract a sentence from the poem and ask the candidates to analyze the author's emotion contained in the poem. According to the characteristics of the selected sentence, you can set questions from the following angles.
1. The scenery is lyrical. Extract the sentences describing the scenery in the poem and ask the candidates to analyze the feelings expressed by the author. Such as the 2007 college entrance examination Jiangsu volume:
Read the following Song lyrics and then answer this question.
This Gutian scared people away.
Xin Qiji
After singing "Guan Yang Guan", I cried dry, regarded my fame as a funeral, and urged snacks. The water is connected, as if the trees on both sides of the river extend into the endless distance, and the dark clouds with rain buried half the mountain. Throughout the ages, there have been more than a thousand kinds of annoying things. Is it only parting that makes people sad and gathering that makes people smile? Jiangtou is not a storm, and there is no place on earth that is difficult to go.
What kind of thoughts and feelings does "floating in the air to send infinite trees, rain clouds buried in the middle of the mountain" contain?
Lyricism by borrowing scenery is a common technique in the creation of ancient poems. Here, the author wrote the scenery of "from afar, the water meets the sky, the trees are far away, and a rainy dark cloud floats over, covering most of the mountain". With its vast and low characteristics, the author expressed his feelings of farewell to friends, as well as the hardships of the journey and his worries about their future. At the same time, Rain Clouds Buries the Mountain shows a gloomy future.
2. Speak your mind. Lyricism by borrowing scenery is implicit, and sometimes the understanding may not be in place, but it is relatively simple to analyze the author's feelings by deducting direct expression sentences. Such as the 2007 National College Entrance Examination Volume Ⅰ:
Read the following Song lyrics and then answer this question.
Wang Jiangnan transcendental platform (1)
Su Shi
Spring is not old, the wind is fine and the willows are oblique. Let's see that leaving Taiwan, half the city is full of flowers in spring, and there are thousands of flowers in misty rain. After cold food (2), I feel uncomfortable after waking up. Don't miss the old country for the sake of old friends, try new fire, new tea and poetry wine while you are young.
Note (1) Chaoran Terrace is located in the north of Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province). At that time, Su Shi was a local official in Mizhou. 2 cold food, one or two days before Qingming. The old custom cold food festival does not raise fire, and the fire after the festival is called new fire.
Judging from the words "consult", "oppose" and "come", what kind of emotion do you think the author should show in his words? Please analyze it briefly.
The scenery I saw in the transcendental platform aroused the author's homesickness, but I couldn't go home. I had to "ask for advice" after waking up, and said helplessly, "Don't talk about homesickness with my old friends, let's" talk "about making new tea with new fire to comfort myself! Therefore, the words "consultation", "suspension of power" and "Qijiang" listed in the title are all words that express the author's helplessness and bitterness.
3. Including implicit and explicit. Although this kind of problem is complicated, it is relatively easy to do it well as long as you master the method. Such as the 2007 college entrance examination Hunan volume:
Read the following Song poems and complete the appreciation as required.
Show it often.
Wang Anshi's parting was not light when he was young, but he was also sentimental when he was old. Cao Cao's cups and plates are for laughter, and the faint light is for life. Three years of self-pity for the lake and the sea, a thousand miles in the dust and sand. I want to know when the later period is, and I want to see Yan Nanzheng when I deliver the book.
Note: Chang is the eldest sister of Wang Anshi (1021-1086), the wife of the assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry, and was named the king of Chang 'an County. This poem was written by Wang Anshi before he was sent to Liao in the fifth year of Jiayou (1060). At this time, he has not worshipped the political reform.
This poem expresses the feeling of "longing". Please appreciate how the author expresses this feeling one by one from the two couplets in the middle.
This poem uses the method of borrowing scenery to express feelings, and the neck couplet uses the method of expressing the mind directly. Analyze it separately when you understand it. Zhuan Xu: "Laughing" expresses the joy of meeting, and "Talking about Life" tells the vicissitudes of life: the two set each other off and add a layer of sadness. "Hasty cups and plates" and "dim light" create an atmosphere in which poets are more likely to feel sad. And "sloppy" and "powerless" are clever use of overlapping. Cao Cao shows the simplicity of dining tables, but there are also some shortcomings in the party; "Faint" sets off the feelings of the characters, suggesting that it will cause other pains.
Neck couplet: "self-pity" and "re-writing" run through, and the poet takes this opportunity to express his heart and express his sorrow. The "lake and sea" have been separated for a long time, and the "dust and sand" have gone away, and they will meet again soon, and it is not a Liao country without difficulties and obstacles. The expansion of time and space deepened the sadness. "Three years" means a long time, and "Wan Li" means a long distance. Numbers are used in poetry, one vertical and one horizontal, which makes the sadness more intense.
4. Take things and express your wishes. When the ancients wrote poems, they liked to pin their feelings on something and express their feelings by reciting it. This is the so-called "grasping the appreciation of emotional poems for reference" in the college entrance examination. Proposers often ask candidates to analyze how the author expresses his feelings through a specific object. When answering questions, it is generally necessary to know people and discuss the world, find the similarities between the author's feelings and the things entrusted, realize the docking of people and things, and thus grasp the author's thoughts and feelings. For example, the college entrance examinations in Hainan and Ningxia in 2007:
Read the following poem and complete the topic.
Xiao Zhai is that thing.
Liu Yi just (1) pitied the straight strings of the piano and loved chess because of the game (2). If you don't use it, how can you remember the court merchants? The older you get, the clumsier you get. Although these two things go hand in hand, there is no difference between ups and downs.
Note ① Liu Yi: Song Huizong Xuanhe was a scholar for three years (1 12 1). He used to be the censor. According to records, he was dismissed for "taking care of Qin Gui". 2 games: refers to the chessboard.
Why does the author write piano and chess? What kind of feelings does he want to express when playing chess?
The strings and chessboard in this poem are upright and square, which is consistent with the author's own square character. My founder's personality remains unchanged, and as a result, the world is getting thinner and thinner, and everything gets in the way, leaving me alone in my den, which has nothing to do with the rise and fall of the country. The author writes about Qin and Qi, which is the expression of ambition, expressing the author's feelings about personal experience and sarcasm to the world.
Second, grasp the emotion in poetry as a whole.
The so-called overall grasp of emotion often needs to be analyzed and evaluated in combination with the whole poem in order to sort out the emotion expressed by the author, which is much more difficult than understanding the emotion of a sentence of the author. Candidates are required to comprehensively analyze the materials and interpret the connotation as much as possible. Such as the 2007 college entrance examination Fujian volume:
Read the following poem and then answer this question.
Wuyishan high school
Song Xie Fangde (1)
Ten years (2) returning home without dreams, independent of Qingfeng wild water industry.
At the beginning of Shan Yu, the lonely scene in heaven and earth, how many years can I experience to cultivate Mei Cheng's character?
Note (1) Xie Fangde, a native of Xinzhou (now Jiangxi) in the late Song Dynasty, once resisted the Yuan Army and lived in seclusion in Fujian after the defeat. He died of hunger strike after being coerced to Yanjing. (2) Ten years, the first year of Song Deyou (1275), the poet resisted Yuan's failure and abandoned his family for the mountain. The next year, his wife and children were captured and their family was destroyed. This poem has been written for nearly ten years.
What kind of thoughts and feelings does this poem reflect?
This question requires candidates to combine not only the analysis of the whole poem, but also the background information in the notes. It can be seen from note (2) that "Dreamless Homecoming" and "Independent Breeze" in the first and second sentences express the author's loneliness and pain to the country. Three or four sentences about plum blossom image, combined with Note 1, show the poet's feelings of aloof, unyielding and self-motivated.
It can be seen that when we perceive the emotion in poetry as a whole, we should not only grasp the content of poetry, but also contact the author's life experience and background of the times, so as to know others and discuss the world.
Third, compare the feelings of the authors in different poems.
In addition to the overall perception, the college entrance examination can sometimes compare the similarities and differences of specific emotions in poems according to the author's mood, identity and status. This is more specific and can be divided into two categories:
1. Compare the similarities and differences of artistic conception of the same words in different poems. Such as the 2007 college entrance examination Liaoning volume:
Read the following poem and complete the following questions.
Sitting alone in autumn night (excerpt)
(Tang) Wang Wei sat alone in sorrow, and he wanted to be two more in the empty hall. Wild fruits in the mountains fall in the autumn rain, and insects on the grass whisper to the lights.
late night
(Song) Zhou Bi
The people in the virtual hall are quiet and don't smell much, sitting alone in bed facing the night light.
There is no discipline outside the door, and there is ice flowing at half peak.
There is "sitting alone" in both poems, but the author's mood is different. Try a simple analysis.
Although these two poems are all about "sitting alone", the mood (artistic conception) expressed by the authors is different due to the different environment. Analysis should also be combined with the whole poem for overall perception. Wang Shi wrote a sad and lonely mood. There are one or two sentences about the loneliness of the poet sitting alone and the sadness of the passage of time; Three or four sentences are written about the sporadic whining of plants and insects, which adds to the sadness. Zhou Shi wrote a quiet and comfortable state of mind. There are one or two sentences about the poet sitting alone under the lamp and studying hard, unaware of the night; With the outdoor scenery change of "I don't know", the reader's input and concentration in reading at night are set off.
2. Compare the emotions expressed by the same object in different poems. Such as the 2007 college entrance examination Chongqing volume:
Read the following two poems and then answer this question.
Begonia
(Song) Su Shi
The east wind is full of worship, and the fragrant fog turns to the corridor. I was afraid that the flowers would fall asleep in the middle of the night, so I lit candles and put on red makeup.
Cherish peony flowers
(Tang) Bai Juyi
There are only two red peonies left in front of the melancholy stage.
I think all the flowers should be blown away when the wind blows tomorrow morning. At night, I pity these weak but red flowers and take a torch to see the peony.
Pay attention to sogou, radiant.
Su Shi's Haitang and Bai Juyi's Precious Peony Flowers are also about enjoying flowers at night. What's the difference between their feelings?
Both poems describe the scene of "viewing flowers with candles", but they express different feelings. Su Shi first wrote that the east wind blows slightly, and the begonia flowers are full of noble and beautiful luster and fragrance, which makes people feel empty and confused. At this time, the moon has turned the winding corridor and can't shine on the begonia. The poet was afraid that the flowers would fall asleep in the middle of the night, and he would be even more lonely. He lit bright lights and candles to look after clusters of red begonia and expressed the author's love for the blooming begonia. But white poetry is unique among countless poems that cherish flowers. People don't know how to cherish until the flowers fall. Although this poem is abnormal, when the flowers are in full bloom, it reminds me of the day when the red flowers wither and the fragrance disappears. With the fresh idea of sparks, it shows infinite pity for the peony and expresses the deep affection that the years have passed and the youth is hard to stay.