When reading a book or an article, you encounter some wonderful parts or good words in the text, as well as your own experiences, and write them down anytime and anywhere. The ancients had a famous experience in reading, which told them to read with eyes, mouth, heart and hands. This "hand to hand" is a reading note. After reading an article or a book, you should write reading notes according to different situations. Writing reading notes is a necessary condition for deeply understanding and firmly mastering what you have learned, and it is also a necessary condition for accumulating learning materials for emergencies.
Taking reading notes can not only improve the efficiency of reading books and articles, but also improve the ability of scientific research and writing. Through study and practice, students fully realize the role of library, which not only gains knowledge and exercises ability, but also stimulates students' desire to explore.
The easiest way to take reading notes is to "extract".
Abstraction means reading a book or an article, picking up some good sentences and paragraphs and copying them in a notebook or card.
The content of the extract should be determined according to your own needs. You can copy the teachings of leaders and mentors, the famous sayings of thinkers, writers and scientists, the grandiloquence and proverbs of people and heroes ... For example:
There is no royal road to science, and only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb along steep mountain roads can hope to reach its glorious summit. A Dream in Red Mansions
You can also extract the words you are interested in.
The main contents of reading notes:
Extract beautiful sentences, paragraphs and words.
Write your thoughts or reading experience, appreciate the content, discuss the theme, comment on the characters and evaluate the language.
Reading notes are generally divided into extracts, outlines, comments and feelings. The format and writing are not difficult, and reading in thought notes is a bit troublesome, but as long as you understand the relationship between arguments, arguments and arguments, you can easily win it, because the feeling of reading is just an argumentative paper. Many applied languages can only be used in future work practice, while reading notes belong to daily use and should be learned immediately.
Commonly used forms are: abstract, comment, experience and notes.
Edit the summary of this paragraph.
That is, some important ideas, wonderful and incisive sentences, useful data and materials in books or articles are extracted in order to accumulate various materials and prepare for scientific research, teaching, learning and work. Can be extracted according to the original book or the original system; You can also extract important arguments and paragraphs; You can also extract important numbers.
Reading notes are to accurately copy sentences and paragraphs related to one's study, work and research according to the original text when reading. After extracting the original text, the source should be indicated, including the title, author, publishing unit, publication date, page number, etc. For reference and verification. Abstraction should be selective, and whether it is useful or not should be taken as the standard of abstraction. The extracted notes can be divided into:
Index reading notes
Index reading notes are notes that only record the title and source of an article. Such as book title, author, publication date, library. If it is a book, you should remember the book, chapters and sections. If it is a periodical, remember the issue number, and the newspaper should remember the year, month, day and page for future reference. For example: Zhuang Zhao: On Who to Biography, Guangming Daily History.
Copy original notes
Copying the original text of reading notes means copying the wonderful sentences and paragraphs related to your own study and research in books and periodicals as the original materials for future application. To extract the original text, write down the classification theme and indicate the source after the quotation.
Edit the notes of this paragraph.
Critical reading notes are not only excerpts, but also their main views on the content and materials of reading materials, which naturally include expressing the author's feelings. Comments sometimes give a general explanation of the main points of the excerpt.
The common method of annotating reading notes is head annotation. That is, mark important places in the book with a pen or mark them with comments and folding pages in the blank; You can also briefly record the arguments or main arguments of books and articles by outline method; You can also summarize the main points of the full text and write down the main contents; Reading the whole book or commenting on the gains and losses in full text is also a method.
There are the following notes:
(1) Title Note
Making notes at the beginning of a book is the easiest way to take notes. That is, when reading a book, draw a symbol in the blank next to the word with a pen, or add a note in the blank, or make a note with folded pages and paper clips, and so on. This method of taking notes can not only deepen the understanding of the contents of the book, but also provide convenience for future search.
summary
An outline describes the arguments and arguments of a book or an article in the form of an outline. The outline can briefly write the main contents according to the chapters and paragraphs of the original text. Outline reading notes can be written by combining the original sentence with your own language.
abstract
Abstract is different from outline. Outline is the main point of writing paragraph by paragraph, and summary is the main point of writing a comprehensive text. You can simply write the reading content in your own language. In addition to objectively describing the content of reading materials, it also has the nature of some comments
Another kind of abstract is a brief description of the content of an article or a book.
Comments on reading notes
Commenting on reading notes means commenting on the gains and losses after reading the book, or commenting on the difficulties. Such reading notes are called comment notes. For example, Lu Xun read a passage in Hui Hui magazine: Qing Yan Unlicensed Hui Hui Magazine: The West Lake has a stone carving of the word "Man Jiang Hong" by Yan Song and E Wang, which is very magnificent. Words are generous, books are thin and powerful, and at the end, the title is University Gai Hua. Later generations erased their names and changed the topic to Xia Yan. Although despicable, it is enough to punish rape.
Case: Yan Song's poems and Yue Fei's ci are like deeds, but later generations left a message to change their names, which seems to deceive themselves. Mr. Yan thought they could write and promise to punish the traitors, which was like ambiguity. Only 60 words, written in three states. (Lu Xun's Collected Works Bookstore Folded Collection (II))
Supplement the original text
Reading notes that supplement the original text are used to supplement the content of the original book or article after reading. It should be noted that the supplement to the original text is not dispensable, but should be extended or expanded around the central idea.
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Experiential reading notes, that is, after reading. It is your own understanding, feeling, experience and sentiment after reading a book or article. The commonly used methods are: reading notes, which is the product of the combination of notes and experience; Experience, also known as the feeling after reading. Write your reading experience, feelings and gains; It is also a good way to read books by combining opinions with opinions, putting forward your own opinions and recording them.
Learning to read notes is a kind of notes to write your own knowledge, feelings, experiences, feelings and gains after reading. It has the following kinds:
(1) Note
Reading notes are written by combining the main points and experiences of reading notes. The forms of these notes are flexible and varied. Can be long or short.
(2) Experience
Learning notes is also called post-reading. Write down your experiences, feelings and gains after reading. These reading notes can be used to write the experience of reading, and also to write the development of some arguments in the original text or to put forward criticism and discussion opinions. Writing this kind of notes is generally based on your own language, and you can also quote the original text appropriately.
(3) Comprehensive notes
Comprehensive reading notes refer to notes that after reading several books or articles on the same subject, grasp the center to comment on your own views and opinions and put forward your own views.
The above three types of reading notes, no matter which type is adopted, are all for the service of study, work, scientific research and writing. When taking notes, you can start with abstract style. You will read more books in the future. After the comparison, you can write the annotation style. As for the experience style, it goes further and belongs to the category of scientific research [1].
Edit the comment form of this paragraph.
There are many forms of reading notes. The main forms are:
1) notebook
This notebook can be used to copy the original text, write an outline, take notes and write a summary. The advantage is that it is easy to save, but the disadvantage is that it is inconvenient to classify, but it can be compiled separately according to categories.
2) Loose-leaf book
Loose-leaf books can be used to take all kinds of notes. Easy to classify, save paper, for future reference.
3) cards
It is convenient for sorting and sorting according to the purpose, convenient for flexible transfer and saving paper, but the space is small and the content is not long.
4) newspaper clippings
Cut out newspapers and useful materials. Long articles can be pasted on notebooks or loose-leaf books, and short materials can be pasted on cards. Newspaper clippings can be marked or posted in categories, and the source should be indicated for easy use.
5) Copy the full text
Important reading materials, in order to maintain integrity, can be copied and catalogued in full.
6) Memory
If you can write it down with your brain, you can make better use of the knowledge in your notes in your life. Why not?
7) Bookmark style
What you usually need to recite in reading can be recorded in bookmarks, put in books, put in pockets or inserted in special bags for bookmarks.
Read it whenever you have time, recite it, and then store it until you remember it. Can help memory.
8) Image type
After reading, the main contents and key points in the book can be arranged into concept maps or mind maps, which is more convenient and faster than traditional text-based reading notes.
Edit this annotation example.
Helen Keller (author) was a smart and lively girl when she was a child. She can speak some simple words in six months and walk after one year old. In a word, she is much more obedient and studious than the average child. However, the good times don't last long, and the happy time always ends prematurely. In a spring full of beautiful songs of robins and larks and full of flowers, after a high fever, Helen lost her hearing and sight, and then she could not speak. These three things are necessary and indispensable in life. If you lose these three things, for an ordinary person, it is equivalent to losing the fun of life. If you were Helen and you were given three days, what would you do? If I were her, I would not live. No amount of strength and drum power can illuminate my dark, cold and wet heart. There is only one thought in my heart: it is better to live like this than to die, so let's end it early.
However, Helen's practice is just the opposite of my idea. She spent 88 spring and autumn years in her life, but she survived 87 years of dull and silent loneliness. Moreover, it is this blind and deaf woman who graduated from Harvard University in the United States. What an amazing achievement. But after all, this amazing achievement is inseparable from her own efforts. Compared with her, it's a world of difference. I'm really ashamed!
Helen can create these miracles that ordinary people can't imagine because she has an indomitable and persistent heart. She accepted the challenge of life without hesitation, embraced a beautiful and vibrant world with her fiery heart and great love, and fought against difficulties with amazing perseverance. Finally, she overcame the challenge of life, opened her eyes, gained confidence and hope, and walked out of silence and darkness. Finally, she extended her loving hands to the whole world!
Helen changed from a blind and deaf girl to a writer of world civilization. She experienced many ups and downs, but she never backed down, but went forward bravely, fearless in the face of difficulties, overcome difficulties and surmount them. A blind and deaf person can do it, not to mention that we are a person without defects. There is no reason why we can't do it! Some students feel inferior and say they are stupid. Everyone is equal. There is no genius or idiot. Genius and stupidity depend on whether this person has the determination and perseverance to learn, which is the most important thing. The road of life is bumpy, depending on whether you have the confidence and perseverance to step on it and step on the road to success step by step.
Each of us is painting a picture of our own life. Only by working hard and constantly striving for self-improvement will our life be full of bright colors and our life picture will shine.
Reflections on reading childhood
This summer vacation, I read Gorky's autobiographical novel Childhood, which impressed me deeply. Alisha was born in a poor carpenter family. During the brutal czar's rule, Gorky suffered a lot: he lost his father in childhood, but was abused by his grandfather. Everyone around him is so selfish, greedy and full of hatred. ...
Alisha's childhood was so tragic. Compared with him, I am much happier. I was born in a beautiful place surrounded by mountains and rivers. My parents take care of me in every possible way, my relatives are extremely kind to me, and my friends are naive and friendly to me, so that the happy notes always fall on my side. Playing in the bamboo forest, picking mushrooms on the mountain, catching crabs in the stream, chasing butterflies, smelling flowers and chasing grasshoppers, my childhood began like this. Stumbling behind my cousin and carrying a big basket to pick up wheat, the big basket always hits my heel. Two pigtails jumped up and down happily, and the white butterfly jumped up and down happily. Wan Li's blue sky and Wan Li are cloudless, and the breeze pulls the skirt. There are already more than half of the ears of wheat in the basket. The good times of childhood were spent in happy labor. I walked into a campus full of books and became a student. The whole day begins with the sound of reading The teacher taught us knowledge enthusiastically and the students discussed with each other. We are like saplings, nourished by spring breeze and rain, absorbing more and better knowledge and thriving. In this ocean of knowledge, I ended my happy childhood and began to mature. I live in a socialist country full of humanitarianism, where there is no flogging, beating, hatred, greed, rudeness, endless atrocities and scandals. People here are kind, innocent and optimistic, so my childhood is full of happiness and joy.
Hamlet
Shakespeare's Hamlet is a classic. On the surface, this book is not much different from historical legends. It tells the story of the Danish prince's revenge for his father, full of bloody violence and death. As the dramatist Horatio said: You can hear the result of rape and murder, abnormal repair, unconscious judgment, accidental slaughter, skillful murder and self-mutilation. The tortuous plot revolves around revenge.
Hamlet rushed back to China from wittenberg to attend his father's funeral. What he couldn't accept was that he missed his father's funeral, but witnessed the wedding of his mother and uncle Claudius, which made Hamlet suspicious. In addition, he met his father's dead soul on the terrace of the palace castle at night and complained about it. This atrocity was committed by Hamlet's uncle, who asked him to avenge his father. At this point, he began a difficult course of revenge and launched a life-and-death contest with Claudius. Finally, a sword of vengeance was given to Claudius.
The Count of Monte Cristo
Love thoroughly, hate thoroughly. The reward is thorough, and the revenge is thorough. This is my biggest feeling after reading The Revenge of Monte Cristo.
China has a saying that it is never too late to take revenge. Revenge also needs to preserve strength, and you can't act rashly with temporary emotions. The count of Monte Cristo explained this proverb with his own actions. After fourteen years in a dungeon, the essence of his life is to find his former relatives, benefactors and enemies. After identifying the person he was looking for, he didn't stab the benefactor through fire and water with his fist, as we saw in martial arts novels. He chose his own path. He tried his best to support the shipowners who had been kind to him, silently, in various ways, but never let them know that he actually came to repay the kindness. If his gratitude is touching, then his revenge is so incisive that we are a little shocked after several applause.
Freud's The Interpretation of Dreams
Freud (1856-L939) is a famous psychiatrist in Austria and the founder of psychoanalysis. His works span half a century, and have exerted extensive and profound influence on literature, philosophy, theology, ethics, aesthetics, politics, sociology and popular psychology. If the scope of influence is taken as a measure of greatness, then Freud is undoubtedly the greatest psychologist. Freud initiated another Copernican revolution in the history of human thought. He pointed out that people's unconsciousness is not controlled by consciousness, and people's subconscious contains huge psychological content. He used the most rational voice to talk about human irrationality. Interpretation of Dreams is Freud's pillar academic work. Through the study of dreams, we have greatly expanded the scope of human exploration of ourselves and had a far-reaching impact on our lives.
Red and black.
What the writer shows is, first of all, a typical window of the whole French society-the political structure of the small town of Villiers. Mayor Derine, who was born in nobility, was the highest representative of the Restoration Dynasty here, and regarded it as his bounden duty to safeguard the restoration regime and prevent bourgeois liberals from seizing power. Vanod, the director of the poor shelter, is an ordinary citizen. He got the lucrative job because he took refuge in the secret organization of the Catholic church, thus tying himself to the restoration regime. Masseron, the pastor of the replica church, is a spy sent by the church. Everyone's words and deeds are under his supervision. In this era when the throne and the altar support each other, he is a hot person. The tripartite politics formed by these three people reflected the situation that the restoration forces monopolized power in Villier. On the contrary, they are a large number of aggressive bourgeois liberals with strong economic strength. On the one hand, Stendhal described the autocracy of royalists, on the other hand, he made people draw the conclusion that the bourgeoisie with economic strength will be the final winner in politics. Red and Black was written before the July Revolution in 1830, but Stendhal seems to have understood the inevitable trend of this historical movement.
As an excellent critical realism novel, Red and Black does not interpret the protagonist Julian as a symbol of pursuing utility from the concept. On the contrary, the author gave him deep sympathy and criticized the specific social reality of that era through people's persistent pursuit of desire and the pain they could not pursue, which is also the reason why Red and Black has been circulated to this day. [2]
The vagrancy of fifteen teenagers
The Adventure of Fifteen Teenagers tells the story of fifteen teenagers who drifted to the middle of the Pacific Ocean for some unknown reason the night before going on a boat trip because they had nothing to do in the summer vacation, which led to tragedy. However, in the end, the teenagers overcame their difficulties and set foot on the road home. The fifteen teenagers in the book were not discouraged when they were shipwrecked, but stubbornly resisted and found a way out. This is very respectable and worth learning from all of us. ......
On the empty island, they didn't get any help, but fifteen teenagers United with each other, overcame difficulties together, scrimped and saved, and learned a lot of knowledge and common sense. With these skills, collective wisdom and courage, it is not easy for them to survive on a desert island! ! In order to survive, fifteen teenagers actively fought against nature, but also launched a life-and-death struggle with the villains. How can we not be moved by it? The indomitable spirit of teenagers and their friendship left a deep and warm impression on me, and also influenced me.
The vivid images of the characters in the text are also presented to our readers. You see: visionary Golden, kind-hearted Bulun, brave and strong Denoban, and super-capable Maoke ... The twists and turns of the story amazed us, and our hearts felt immersive with the ups and downs of the story, as if we had really gone to the island where fifteen teenagers lived for more than a year. ......
We should learn from the unity and friendship of teenagers! Although I know this is only a science fiction novel, this book has benefited us a lot and has become our favorite reading.
Edit the comment form of this paragraph.
Reading notes refer to a style in which people write down things worth recording and their own experiences when reading books or articles. The ancients had a famous experience in reading, which told them to read with eyes, mouth, heart and hands. This "hand to hand" is a reading note. After reading an article or a book, you should write reading notes according to different situations. Commonly used forms are:
(1) profile style
The purpose is to remember the main contents of the book. By writing an outline of the content, the main content and secondary content are clearly defined.
(2) Extract type
Mainly to accumulate vocabulary and sentences. You can extract beautiful words, wonderful sentences and paragraphs for later reading, reciting and using.
(3) Imitating writing style
In order to apply what you have learned, you can imitate the wonderful sentences and paragraphs extracted and learn to use them.
(4) Comment style
It mainly comments on the characters and events in the reading materials to affirm their ideological and artistic value. It can be divided into title, main content and comments.
(5) experience.
In order to write down what I feel most, write down the books I have read, write down what is in my most educated book, and write down my feelings in connection with reality. That is, the feeling of being casual.
(6) Suspicious type
It is mainly to record the difficult problems encountered in reading, write them down while reading, and then ask questions separately later to achieve the purpose of understanding.
(7) Simplified form
In order to remember the outline of the story, after reading a long article, you can grasp the main content and abbreviate it into a short article.
The above forms can be mastered step by step.
People, people will eat each other, which is called the death of the world. ..... protect the country, its monarch and ministers, and the carnivores seek it; Those who protect the world are mean to everyone. They are expensive. ……
The reading notes written in the Record of the Day are called "Founding a Mountain and Casting Copper", and many books are often quoted, from which a conclusion is drawn. If all the books cited are plagiarized, it will be too many and inappropriate, so we have to draw a conclusion. Yanwu drew this conclusion from many materials. When he said "national subjugation", he changed the dynasty, so it was only a matter of the monarch and ministers of that dynasty, and the official title of that dynasty should be considered. "Carnivores" refer to officials.
Edit the annotation classification of this paragraph.
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Model essay on reading notes
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reference data
1. How to take reading notes in reading skills? Learning strategy network [reference date 20 13-03-5].
2. red and black notes. Reading notes. 20 12-08- 10[ reference date: 20 12-08-3 1].
3. Reading notes. Paper web online [reference date 20 12- 12-29].
Open classification:
Reading notes