On the Meeting between Du Fu's Downstream and Li Guinian
In the Qi family, I often see your performances; Before urging the wine hall, I praised your art many times.
Never thought, in this Jiangnan scenic area; It is the season of falling flowers, and I can meet you, an old acquaintance.
Enjoy 1
This is one of Du Fu's quatrains, full of emotion and meaning. Only 28 years old, but it contains rich content of life in the times. If the poet wrote a memoir about the period before and after An Shi Rebellion, he might as well use it to name the book.
Li Guinian was a famous singer in Kaiyuan period. Du Fu's first encounter with Li Guinian coincided with his youth and the so-called "Kaiyuan Prosperity". At that time, princes and nobles generally loved literature and art, and Du Fu, because of his early talent, was extended by Li Fan, the king of Qi, and Cui Di, the secretary supervisor, so that he could enjoy Li Guinian's singing in their mansion. An outstanding artist is not only a product of a specific era, but also a symbol of a specific era. In Du Fu's mind, Li Guinian is closely connected with the prosperous Kaiyuan era and his romantic youth life. Decades later, they met again in Jiangnan. At this time, after eight years of turmoil, the Tang Dynasty has fallen from the peak of prosperity and fallen into many contradictions. Du Fu drifted to Tanzhou, "loose cloth and tangled bones, running around bitter and tepid", and his later situation was extremely bleak; Li Guinian also lives south of the Yangtze River. "Every time there is a beautiful scene, he sings a few songs and hears them in his seat, so he has to hide his face and cry and stop drinking" (Miscellanies of Ming Taizu). This encounter will naturally lead to the infinite vicissitudes of Du Fu's life, which has long been smoldering in his chest. "It's a common thing in Qi Wang's family, and Cui has heard it several times before." Although the poet is recalling his past contacts with Li Guinian, what he reveals is his deep nostalgia for the "Kaiyuan Shengshi". These two sentences seem very light, but the feelings they contain are deep and dignified. "Wang Qi Zhai Li" and "Cui Tang Jiu Qian" seem to blurt out, but in the eyes of the parties, the place where these two literary celebrities often gather gracefully is undoubtedly the rich and colorful source of spiritual culture in the prosperous era of Kaiyuan, and their names are enough to evoke good memories of the prosperous era. In those days, it was "unusual" to get in touch with an art star like Li Guinian, but it was not difficult to get in touch with him several times. Looking back now, it is simply an unreachable dream. The feeling of separation between heaven and earth contained here can only be tasted by combining the following two sentences. In the overlapping singing and chanting, the two poems reveal infinite attachment to the prosperity of Kaiyuan, as if to prolong the aftertaste.
Dream-like memories can't change the present reality after all. "It's the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and it's the season of falling flowers." Jiangnan, with its beautiful scenery, was originally a paradise for poets in Chengping era. Now I am really in it, facing the "lost season" with withered eyes and the wandering artists with white hair. The season of falling flowers seems to be an impromptu work, but it seems to have ulterior motives, intentionally or unintentionally. Readers who are familiar with the times and Du Fu's life experience will associate these four words with the decline of the world, social unrest, the decline of the poet and illness, but they don't think the poet is deliberately metaphorical. This writing style is particularly confusing. In addition, the two function words "exactly" and "you" in the two sentences are full of ups and downs, and there are infinite feelings between the lines. The beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River is in a strong contrast with the chaotic life experience of being divorced from the times and sinking. An old singer and an old poet reunited in the wandering, and the flowing scenery dotted with two haggard old people became a typical portrayal of the vicissitudes of the times. It mercilessly confirmed that the "Kaiyuan Shengshi" has become a historical relic, and an earth-shaking change has reduced Du Fu and Li Guinian, who experienced the prosperity, to an unfortunate level. There is no doubt that the feelings are profound, but the poet wrote that "falling flowers meet the monarch again", but he accepted it with a gloomy mood, pregnant with deep sighs and painful sadness in silence. I don't want to say a word about this "beginning and ending", which is really meaningful. Shen Deqian commented on this poem: "The meaning has not been applied, and the case has not been solved". The meaning of this "inapplicability" is not difficult to understand for Li Guinian, a party with similar experience; For readers who are good at understanding people and discussing the world in later generations, it is not difficult to grasp. For example, Li Guinian sang in "The Palace of Eternal Life Tanci": "At that time, the sky was clear, but now the drums are beating along the street", "I can't sing endless dreams of rise and fall, I can't play endless lamentations, and my eyes are full of sadness" and so on. Although I sing repeatedly, the meaning is not more than Du Fu's poems, but it seems that the playwright has deduced it from Du Fu's poems.
Four poems, from Village of Emperor Qi's "Smell" song to Cui's face, and then to the emphasis on "Hui", "Wen" and "Hui" in the south of the Yangtze River, connect the vicissitudes of the times and great changes in life in the past 40 years. Although there is no poem directly related to the life experience of the times, it is not difficult for readers to feel the shadow of the great turmoil that brought havoc to the material wealth and cultural prosperity of the Tang Dynasty and the great disasters and trauma it caused to people through the poet's memories. It can indeed be said that "the chaos of the World Games, the rise and fall of the New Year, and the desolation of each other are all among them" (Sun Zhu's comment). Just as there is no set on the stage of an old play, the audience can imagine a very broad spatial background and event process through the singing performance of the actors; Also like a novel, it often reflects an era through a person's fate. The successful creation of this poem seems to tell us how much capacity this short genre of quatrains can have among great poets with high artistic generalization and rich life experience, and what artistic realm can be achieved when expressing such rich content. (Liu Yushu Cheng)
Appreciate II
This is the work of Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, and a masterpiece of his seven-character quatrains.
The reunion of Du Fu and Li Guinian after such a long separation should have been a happy event, but Du Fu's poems came out with a sigh. Why? We can know what is going on by studying the words carefully.
From couplets to antithesis, I think Li Guinian used to go in and out of Qi Wang and Cui Jiu's home with touching singing skills. Two sentences, one is "seeing" and the other is "smelling", show the relationship between them; In terms of "unusual" and "several degrees", it is written that every time Li interacts with royalty and dignitaries, it is the peak. Make a meal first and start below.
On poetry, predecessors thought that quatrains should be circuitous and tactfully changed, and there was no end to every sentence. This poem goes like this. At the end of the couplet, the word "Zheng" turned, and Liang received the word "You". From the "beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River", we can imagine the great realm of "late spring and March, grass grows in the south of the Yangtze River, peanut trees and birds fly around". However, spring flowers fly away and the good times don't last long. In this season, "Meeting Jun again" and "Falling Flowers" symbolize Li's life experience. This place is no longer "Qi Wangfu" or "Cui Qian", nor is it the palace where Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty received him gracefully, but Tanzhou (now Changsha), which is far away from the capital. How can you not let people feel?
Du Fu expressed deep sympathy for Li's experience. What is the reason? Because of his "literary talent in the past, he is hungry and cold today", he drifted out of the gorge on the river, relying on relatives and friends, and was homeless. He and Li Zhiming re-emphasized the past, and now he is wandering and singing self-sufficient in Jiangnan, and the situation is similar. "We are both unhappy-to the end of the day" and "Mourning for the King and Mourning for the King" are combined into one. It is of far-reaching significance to express one's embrace through other people's experiences, and the beauty is that he refuses to reveal it. Some people think that Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip, the pipa of a fake merchant woman, is the basis of this poem. However, this poem uses quatrains, "meaning is not applied", while Bai poetry uses songs to express its purpose, with similarities and differences, which are indispensable.
Is this poem just sentimental about the fate of two people? No, it makes more sense. The prosperity of Kaiyuan, the rising of singing and dancing, the decline of the Tang Empire since the Anshi Rebellion, and the changes of Li and his life experience are the epitome of the rise and fall of the times. The "falling flower season" symbolizes the chaos and difficulties in the world and is painful. Meet again after forty years, the years are getting old, the personnel are no longer there, and the country is in trouble. It's not generous to look at the flowers in spring! A word "you" can send out endless past and present feelings, not just self-pity.
Generally speaking, there are only four sentences in the whole poem, and the words are short and long, and the chaos of the times, the vicissitudes of the world, and the Thai situation have been hidden in it. Not a word in the poem clearly expresses their feelings, but it hides their meaning. "See the charm between the lines, the expression between the lines is pregnant" dignified and gloomy, but obscure, which is really memorable. I am also convinced that that poem was called "Zang Yong" by the ancients. (Lu Guangyao)
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