What are Du Fu's poems?

Du Fu's poems were appreciated by Du Fu (7 12-770), who was a great poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province, Gong County, Henan Province. Du Zhisun, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Tang Suzong, Official Left Addendum. After he entered Shu, he was recommended by his friends as a staff officer of Ren Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center, and Yuan Wailang was appointed as the school's engineering department. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu. Du Fu is as famous as Li Bai and is known as "Du Li" in the world. The core of his thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government. He has a great ambition of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior first, and then making the customs pure". He loves life, people and the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. He hated evil, criticized and exposed the corruption of the imperial court and the dark phenomenon in social life. He sympathized with the people and even fantasized that he was willing to make self-sacrifice to save their suffering. Du Fu is a great realistic poet, who wrote 1400 poems in his life. His experience and poetry creation can be divided into four periods. 1. During my roaming at school (before the age of 35), I traveled to Wu, Yue (now Jiangsu and Zhejiang), Qi and Zhao (now northern Shandong and southern Hebei), during which I went to Luoyang to find a job. After meeting Li Bai in Luoyang, they formed a profound friendship, then met Gao Shi and traveled with Liang and Song (now Kaifeng and Shangqiu). Later, Du Li went to Jizhou again, met at the east foot after breaking up, and separated again, so there was no chance to meet again. Second, during the period of being trapped in Chang 'an (35 to 44 years old), Du Fu won the first and last place in Chang 'an. Later, he presented gifts to the emperor and presented them to the nobles. He lived a life of "detaining the rich in the morning, following the fat horse dust at night, throwing a cup and baking it cold, hiding his worries everywhere". Finally, he got a small official who led the government to join the army. During this period, he wrote poems such as "Car Shop" and "Two Ways", criticizing current politics and satirizing dignitaries. The book "Singing 500 Words from Beijing to Fengxian" is particularly famous, which indicates that his understanding of the political and social reality of the imperial court has reached a new height after ten years of hard life in Chang 'an. 3. Being trapped as a thief and being an official (45 to 48 years old). When the Anshi Rebellion broke out and Tongguan fell, Du Fu settled in Zhangzhou and went to Suzong alone. He was captured by the Anshi Rebellion and taken to Chang 'an. In the face of chaos in Chang 'an, he heard the news that the loyalist troops were repeatedly defeated, and wrote poems such as Moonlit Night, Spring Hope, Ai Jiangtou and Sad Chen Tao. Later, he fled to Fengxiang to cheat and made a collection. Because of the suggestion, Shangshu was demoted to be the prime minister of joining the army. Later, he recorded his experiences in the form of poems and became his immortal works, namely "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells". Fourth, the wandering period in the southwest (48 to 58 years old). With the collapse of Xiangzhou loyalist and the famine of Guanfu, Du Fu abandoned his official and fled with his family, passing through Qin Zhou and Tonggu, and lived a relatively stable life in Chengdu. When he entered the DPRK, the warlord in the middle of Shu rebelled and he went to Zizhou and Langzhou. Then go back to Chengdu. After Yanwu's death, he drifted again, lived in Kuizhou for two years, drifted to the same lake and died on the Xiangjiang River. The works of this period include Heart on the Water Threshold, Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, Sick Orange, Climbing the Building, Book Reading, The Yellow River was recaptured by the imperial army, Showing Wu Lang again, Ascending the Mountain, Qiu Xing, Three Jueju and Sui Yanxing. Throughout his life, Du Fu's thoughts were "worrying about Li Yuan in poor years" and "being the best monarch and being Yao Shun", so his poetry creation always runs through the main line of worrying about the country and the people, which shows Du Fu's greatness. His poems are rich in social content, rich in the color of the times and distinctive in political inclination, which truly and profoundly reflect the political current affairs and broad social life prospect of a historical era before and after the An Shi Rebellion, and are called the "history of poetry" of a generation. The style of Du Fu's poems is basically "gloomy and frustrated", and the language and text structure are full of changes, emphasizing the refinement of words and sentences. At the same time, his poems have many styles. Besides the five ancient poems, the seven ancient poems, the five laws and the seven laws, he also wrote many lines. There are also various artistic techniques, which are the epitome of the ideological art of Tang poetry. Du Fu also inherited the spirit of Yuefu in Han and Wei Dynasties, got rid of the old themes of Yuefu, and created many new themes of Yuefu, such as "three officials" and "three parting", which had a positive impact on the "new Yuefu movement" of Baiyuan. For details about his life, see Old Tang Book (volume 190). This is Du Gongbu. Wang Yue explains Du Fu's poem Wang Yue. There are three poems about Dongyue (Mount Tai), Nanyue (Hengshan) and Xiyue (Huashan). This song is about seeing Mount Tai in the East. In the 24th year of Kaiyuan (736), the 24-year-old poet began a wandering life of "chasing horses". This poem was written in Qi and Zhao (now Henan, Hebei, Shandong and other places) and is the earliest extant poem of Du Fu. Between the lines, Du Fu's youthful vigor is permeated. How magnificent the original Mount Tai is! ? Out of Qilu, green peaks can still be seen. The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north. Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy, birds are flying around in front of my nervous eyes ... trying to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet. Explanation of armory shops in Du Gongbu Collection written in Tianbao Decade of Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (75 1). That year, the Tang Dynasty marched eastward and recruited troops, which led to a restless life for the people. Du Fu felt this and wrote "Car Shop" to express his anger. It turns out that Chetuo, Ma Xiaoxiao, each of you has a bow and quiver on your belt. My parents, my parents, my wife and children all ran to see them. When they marched, the dust covered the sky and they couldn't see xian yangqiao. On the way, holding soldiers' clothes, eating and crying, the sky rushed into the sky. Passers-by asked the soldiers how they got there, saying only that the roster was frequently recruited. Some people go to the north of the Yellow River at the age of fifteen, even if they go to the western border to open up wasteland at the age of forty. When they set out, the mayor wrapped a headscarf for them and came back with a white head. Countless border guards shed blood and sacrificed to form seawater, and the concept of border defense in Huang Wu has not stopped. Haven't you heard that there are hundreds of villages covered with vegetation in 200 states east of Huashan Mountain? Even if a strong woman plows the field with a hoe, nothing will grow on the crops in the field. Moreover, the soldiers of the Qin Dynasty can fight hard, and there is no difference between chickens and dogs when they are rushed to fight. Although the elders have doubts, how dare those who serve complain? Just like this winter, we didn't stop the soldiers west of Hangukou from enlisting. The county magistrate urgently urges people to pay taxes. Where does the tax come from? If you really know that boys are a bad thing, you might as well have a girl. Girls can also marry their nearest neighbors, and boys will die in battle. Don't you see, on the edge of Qinghai, the bones of soldiers killed since ancient times have not been buried. The new ghost wails there, and the old one is loudest in the stormy dark sky. In July of the first year of Emperor Xiaozong of the Tang Dynasty (756), Du Fu learned that Su Zong was in Lingwu (now Lingwu County, Ningxia), that is, the position of the emperor, so he settled in Qiang Village, Yinzhou (now Fuxian County, Shaanxi Province) and defected alone. On the way, he was captured by the Anshi Rebellion and taken to Chang 'an. He didn't get away until the following spring. During the days when he was forced to stay in Chang 'an, he wrote many poems reflecting the life in the occupied areas, either worrying about the country or thinking about his relatives. Hope in Spring is the masterpiece of this time. Although a country is divided, mountains and rivers remain forever, and plants are in spring. Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate. The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold. Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin. For the explanation of moat officials, see Du Gongbu Collection. As one of the three officials, it was written in 759 AD. After the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline, and the country was not a country, and the people were in poverty. That year, the author moved to Xin 'an, Shi Hao and other places, witnessed the official recruitment activities, and felt this. The three officials are Xin 'an officials, Shi Hao officials and Tongguan officials. Shi Hao, now southeast of Sanmenxia City, Henan Province. In Shihao Village at dusk, officials arrest people at night. The old man climbed over the wall and left, while the old woman went out to watch. Why are officials angry? Why do women cry? Listen to his wife's speech: "Ye Cheng San Xia." One man attached a book, and two men died. Those who drag out an ignoble existence are dead! There is no one in the room, only a baby and a grandson. And grandma didn't go, and there was no skirt in and out. Although an old woman is weak, please come back at night. If you are in a hurry to serve Shirley in the river and Yang, you might as well prepare the meal in the morning. The night is long and silent, like crying and choking. Dawn will rise into the future, leaving the old man alone. The interpretation of "wedding separation" in Du Fu's "Three Pillars" has carefully shaped the image of a young woman who understands the righteousness. This poem is in the form of a monologue. The whole poem uses seven words "Jun", all of which are heartfelt words from the bride to the groom. It is touching to read. It turns out that rabbit silk is wrapped in hemp, so it is not long. It is better to abandon the roadside than to marry a woman and ask for a husband. If you get married, you won't warm your bed. Goodbye in the morning of the wedding, nothing is too busy! Although your trip is not far, keep the border and go to Heyang. Why should I worship my aunt when my body is not clear? When my parents raised me, they made me hide day and night. If you have a daughter, you will get a chicken and a dog. You're going to die today, and you've been forced into your intestines with deep pain. Swear to go with you, the situation is yellow. Don't worry about the wedding, work hard! Women in the army are afraid of being soldiers. A girl from a poor family has been a prostitute for a long time. Lolo quit and washed his red makeup. Looking up at a hundred birds flying, your body will double. There are many personnel mistakes, facing Junyong! For the explanation of the book, see Du Gongbu Collection. Written in the first year of Shangyuan (760). At the end of that spring, Du Fu moved to Huanhuaxi Caotang, took time to pay his respects at Wuhou Temple in Chengdu, and wrote this book "Shuxiang" to express his grief. Where is the famous Prime Minister Temple? In a pine forest near the Silk City. The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves. The third call aggravated his state affairs, and he gave his sincerity to two generations. But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats. The explanation of Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night can be found in the Collection of Du Gongbu, which was written in the spring of the second year of Shang Dynasty (AD 76 1), and was written by Du Fu in Chengdu when he was roaming southwest in his later years. In the description of the spring rain, the poet reveals his joy in the spring rain. Good rain knows the season, when spring comes. Sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently. The wild path is dark, and the river is bright. Look at the red and wet place, the flowers in Jinguancheng are heavy. For the explanation of the song "Caotang was blown off by autumn wind", see Du Gongbu Collection, which was written in 76 1 year, before the Anshi Rebellion was settled. In the spring of the first year of Shangyuan (760), Du Fu's relatives and friends helped him build a thatched cottage near Huanhuaxi outside Xiguo, Chengdu, to settle down. In August of the following year, the thatched cottage was destroyed by the autumn wind. Du Fu had mixed feelings and wrote "The thatched cottage was blown by the autumn wind" as a souvenir. In the autumn of August, the high wind roared, rolled up my three hairs, and the hairs flew across the river and spread to the suburbs. The highest one hangs a long forest tip, and the lower one floats and sinks. The children in Nancun bully me, and I can't stand being a thief in the opposite direction and openly carrying Mao into the bamboo forest. My lips were burning out of breath, and I turned to sigh. In an instant, the wind will set the color of the clouds and ink, and the autumn will be bleak and dark. This cloth has been as cold as iron for many years, and Joule has been lying down and cracking. There is no dry place in the bedside table, and the feet are numb with rain. How can you get wet all night since you are in a mess and don't get enough sleep! There are tens of millions of luxury houses in Ande, which greatly protect the poor people in the world from the spring breeze and the wind and rain! Oh! When I suddenly see this house in front of me, I will freeze to death alone! For an explanation of the problem of loyalist recovering Henan and Hebei, see Du Gongbu Collection. In the first month of the first year of Zong Guangde (763), Shi Chaoyi (son of Shi Siming) was defeated and hanged himself in the forest. He handed over Tian and Li Huaixian. So far, Henan and Hebei regions have been recovered one after another. Du Fu wrote this poem when he lived in Zizhou (now Santai, Sichuan). Henan and Hebei refer to Luoyang and northern Hebei. The original news of this distant western station! The north has been recovered! At first, I couldn't stop crying on my coat. Where are my wife and son? There is not a trace of sadness on their faces. However, I packed my books and poems crazily. On a green spring day, I began to go home, singing my songs loudly and drinking my wine. Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south and then go north-to my own town! . Four quatrains (1) There are not many explanations for Du Fu's seven-character quatrains, but this one is one of the most popular poems in China. Popular and easy to understand, plain as words, but it also contains the poet's aesthetic ideal, which is highly praised by scholars. It can be said that elegance is based on vulgarity, and elegance is rewarded. Two orioles sing green willows, and a row of egrets go up to the sky. My window framed the snow-covered western hills. My door often says "goodbye" to the eastbound ships. One Night Abroad was written by Du Fu when he left Chengdu in 765 and took his family to the east by boat, passing through Yuzhou (Chongqing, Sichuan) and Zhongzhou (Zhongxian, Sichuan). Although he is young, he has the ideal of "being a gentleman first, then being simple". In the end, I accomplished nothing, but I was old and sick, and my relatives and friends were scattered and drifted alone. He is on such a vast river, and he seems to be Europe between heaven and earth. Where will he fly? Lonely, lonely! The author's feelings are deep. It turned out that a breeze rippled on the grass shore, through the night, and blew to my motionless tall mast. The endless plains are dotted with drooping stars. The moon runs with the river. I hope my art can bring me fame and liberate my sick old age from the office! . Flying around, what am I like? But sandpipers in the vast world! . For the explanation of mountain climbing, see Du Gongbu Collection, which was written in the autumn of 767 in Dali, Tang Daizong, when he lived in Kuizhou (now Fengjie, Sichuan). In ancient times, there was a custom of climbing mountains on September 9. This poem was written by Du Fu with the feeling of climbing the mountain, expressing his feelings of wandering, old illness and loneliness for many years. It turns out that in the gale blowing from the wide sky, apes are sobbing, and birds are flying home on the clear lake and white beach. The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably. Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness. After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged. "Meeting Li Guinian Down the River" Interprets Li Guinian, a famous musician in the years of Tang Kaiyuan and Tianbao. Du Fu once heard his songs in Luoyang when he was young. After wandering in Jiangnan in his later years, Du Fu reunited with musicians from other places. At this time, it has been more than ten years since the "prosperous Tang Dynasty" before the "An Shi Rebellion". Both the poet and Li Guinian have entered their old age, and they met in such an environment full of memories and sadness. Therefore, the poet uses very implicit language to express his feelings about the ups and downs of the past. It turns out that Qi Wang's house is very ordinary, and Cui has heard of it several times before. Never thought, in this Jiangnan scenic area; It is the season of falling flowers, and I can meet you, an old acquaintance.