1. Please read 6 extracurricular classical Chinese texts for the first year of high school.
3. Read the following paragraph and complete questions 20-22.
(Huzhou) After he was dismissed and returned to the country, he worshiped Xiangru as a minister because of his great achievements, and he was placed to the right of Lian Po. Lian Po said: "I am a general of Zhao, and I have made great achievements in attacking cities and fighting in the field, but Lin Xiangru only works with words and words, yet he is ranked above me, and Xiangru Su is the best. I am ashamed and cannot bear to be inferior."
The declaration said: "When I see Xiangru, I will humiliate him." When Xiangru heard about it, he refused to join the meeting.
Xiangru often complained about his illness every time he went to court, and did not want to compete with Lianpo. When Xiangru came out and saw Lian Po, Xiangru led his car to hide.
So he remonstrated with others and said: "The reason why I go to my relatives to serve the emperor is because I admire the emperor's high righteousness. Now the emperor is on the same level as the incorruptible one. The incorruptible emperor spreads evil words, but the emperor is afraid to hide him. , The fear is very great, and a mediocre person is ashamed, how about the general! I am unworthy, please resign."
Lin Xiangru stopped and said: "Gongzhi. Who do you think of General Lian and the King of Qin?" He said, "No." Gu Wu thought that the reason why Qin Dynasty did not dare to send troops to Zhao was because of the two tigers fighting each other. He puts national concerns first before personal enmity."
When Lian Po heard this, he was naked and burdened with thorns. Why did he come to Lin Xiangru's door to apologize for his sins? . Said: "The despicable people don't know that the general is so lenient."
The soldiers were happy with each other and became friends who cut their necks. Excerpted from "Historical Records" 20. The incorrect explanation of the following highlighted words is ( ) 2 points A Lin Xiangru only uses his words to talk: he is a man of words and changeable B ministers go to relatives and serve the king: leave C Gong Who is General Lian and the King of Qin? I am familiar with D. A despicable person. I don’t know that the general is lenient. I am despicable even now: I have shallow knowledge. 21. Translate the sentences.
3 points The reason why I do this is to put national urgent matters first and then personal vendettas. 22. Which one do you admire, Lin Xiangru or Lian Po? Based on this passage, tell us your opinions and reasons.
3 points Reference answer: 20. C 21. The reason why I do this is because I put the country’s urgent affairs first and my personal grudges behind. 22 Appreciate Lin Xiangru, he puts the interests of the country first and does not care about personal grudges.
Or appreciate Lian Po, he knows his mistakes and can correct them. (14) Li Sheng discusses good scholars. Original article Wang Sheng loves to learn but cannot learn the law.
His friend Li Sheng asked: "Do you believe that you are not good at learning?" Wang Sheng did not say, but said: "I can understand what the teacher said, so he is not good at learning." ?" Li Sheng said: "Confucius said, 'Learning without thinking will lead to failure. Wang Sheng was so angry that he didn't respond and left. After staying for five days, Li Sheng went to find Wang Sheng and told him: "A good scholar is not ashamed to ask, what should be wrong with a good person? The biggest taboo of a scholar is to be self-loathing, and why should he change it? Otherwise, his years will be wasted. , Although I want to change my motivation, I'm afraid I can't do it!" Wang Sheng was shocked and said: "I am not sensitive, I just know that your words are good."
Please sit on the right side and show your kindness." "Translation: Wang Sheng loves learning but cannot learn the law.
His friend Li Sheng asked him: "Some people say that you are not good at studying. Is it true?" Wang Sheng was unhappy and said: "I can remember everything the teacher said. Aren't you also good at learning?" Li Sheng advised him: "Confucius said, 'Study but don't think, you will be confused. There will definitely be no achievements in the end. On what basis do you say you are good at learning?" Wang Sheng became even more angry, ignored Li Sheng, turned around and ran away. Five days later, Li Sheng went to Wang Sheng and told him: "Those who are good at learning do not consider it a shame to ask for advice from those with lower status than themselves. They choose the best person and follow him, hoping to hear the truth!" Before I finished speaking, your expression changed and you almost refused to accept others. What is the (attitude) that people who are good at learning should have? The biggest taboo of people who learn is not to be satisfied with themselves. Why don't you correct it? If you don't correct it, it will be too late when you get older and you will waste time even if you want to correct yourself!" After hearing what he said, Wang Sheng was shocked, woke up, and apologized: "I really do. Not smart, I just realized you were right today.
I take your words as a motto to show clear warning. "Reading training 1. Add the dotted pronunciation of "Li" in the following sentences and explain them.
① I know the sound and meaning of Neng Zhi ② Li Sheng said that the sound and meaning ③ The sound and meaning should not be returned ④ The sound and meaning are wasted due to age 2. The usage of "die" in "The wise old man in the river bend died to respond" The difference is ( ) A. Wang Sheng didn’t say it B. It’s what he changed C. I know what I can do D. Talent is not visible 3. Translate the following sentence: “A good scholar is not ashamed to ask questions, choose the good and follow it” , I hope to hear the Tao.
"Translated sentence: 4. Choose the one that has the same meaning as "Gu" in the sentence "Li Sheng is looking for Wang Sheng" ( ) A. The public asked about his reasons B. Guang Gu said a few words about his death C. Therefore he explained it D. Huan Hou asked people to ask 5. What does Li Sheng think is a "good scholar"? (Answer in the original text) Answer: (14) 1. ①zhì; same as "knowledge" ②shuì; persuade ③xuán; same as "xuan" ", turn around ④cuō tuó time flies 2.D. 3. Those who are good at learning do not consider it a shame to ask for advice from people with lower status than themselves. They choose the best person and follow him, hoping to hear the truth! 4.C 5 .Key points: ①Learning is valuable and good thinking ②Be shameless and do not ask, choose the good and follow it (23) The original text of "Zhuge Liang" in the book of commandments The conduct of a gentleman is to cultivate one's character by being quiet, and to cultivate virtue through frugality. If you are not indifferent, you will not be able to clarify your ambitions. Without tranquility, one cannot go far.
To learn, one must be still, and one must learn. Without learning, one cannot broaden one's talents, and without ambition, one cannot achieve success. .
Years go with the times, thoughts go with the sun, and they become withered. Many people do not accept the world, and they stay in the poor house. What will happen to them? To cultivate virtue, you cannot express your lofty ambitions without putting aside fame and wealth, and you cannot be far-sighted without being quiet. Learning must be quiet, and talent comes from learning. Without learning, you cannot expand your talents, and without ambition, you cannot be successful in learning. Achievements.
Excessive enjoyment cannot maintain the spirit, and irritability cannot cultivate the temperament. The years pass away with time, the will disappears with time, and it withers like a dead branch, making no contribution to society. How can it be too late to guard the dilapidated house and regret the past? Reading training 1. Translate the following sentences in modern Chinese
① Quietness to cultivate one's character ② Frugality to cultivate virtue ③ Without indifference, one cannot clarify one's ambitions ④ Without tranquility. No Way to Far 2. What aspects does the author discuss in this article? How does he develop the discussion from these aspects? 2. There are no less than 10 high school extracurricular Chinese essays and no more than a hundred words. Shao Ye
A man who was a good Tong worker found a good Tong Yan, cut it and made a qin, played the strings and played the drum, and the golden sound was like jade.
He thought he was the beauty of the world, so he offered it. Too often. The state worker looked at it and said, "It's not ancient." "
Return it. The overseas Chinese workers returned, and they worked on lacquer work and made broken patterns; they also looked on seal work and made ancient scrolls.
Put the box in the earth and bury it for a period of time. When it came out in the new year, it was suitable for the market. When the nobles passed by, they offered it to the court with a hundred gold coins.
The music officials passed it on and said, "It is a treasure of the world." When the overseas workers heard about it, they sighed and said, "What a sad world!" Is it the only piano? It couldn't be otherwise! If you don't plan for it early, you will die. "
Then he went and entered the mountain of Danming, not knowing where he ended up. Translation: The overseas Chinese got a good piece of paulownia wood, cut it down and made a qin, put the strings on it and played it beautifully. The sound of the harp was like the echo of metal and jade. He thought it was the best harp in the world, so he presented it to the government in charge of rituals and music. The music officer of the government asked the most famous musicians in the country to inspect it. The musician said: “(This piano) is not ancient. "
The government then returned the Qin. The overseas Chinese took the Qin home and discussed with the lacquerer to paint the body of the Qin with uneven patterns. He also discussed with the carver to carve on the Qin. Ancient text; put it in a box and buried it in the soil.
After a year, it was dug out and carried to the market. A senior official passed by the market and saw Qin, so he spent a lot of money on it. I bought it and presented it to the court.
The music officials passed it around to admire it, and they all said, "This piano is really a rare treasure in the world!" "When the overseas Chinese heard this situation, they sighed: "This society is so pathetic! Is it just a piano? Nothing in the world is like this. "So he left and went to the mountains near Danming. I don't know where he ended up. The robins were making noises on the mountain where the tiger girls were sitting, and the magpies were nesting there. There were tigers coming out of Pusu, and the magpies gathered and made noise.
When the robins heard it, they also gathered together and made noise. The eagles saw it and asked, "Why are tigers walking on the ground making such noise?" The magpie said, "This is howling and causing wind." I was afraid that it would bump into my nest, so I left it with a lot of noise.
'I asked him about it, but he had no answer. "You are a cave dweller, why do you make so much noise?" Translation: There is a mountain called Nuji Mountain, where magpies like to build their nests.
There was a tiger in the bushes, and magpies flocked to it and shouted to it. After hearing this, the myna birds also gathered together and shouted to the tiger. The jackdaw saw it and asked: "Tiger, are you there?" What does an animal walking on the ground have to do with you, and you yell at it?" The magpie replied: "When it roars, it will create wind. We are afraid that the wind will knock our nest off the tree, so we yell to drive it away. Run it." Then asked the myna bird, and the myna bird couldn't handle it.
The jackdaw laughed and said: "The magpies' nests are afraid of wind on the treetops, so they are afraid of tigers. You live in tree holes, why are you still screaming? There are people in Chu who make a living by raising snipers. The people of Chu call them "Snipers". On the first day, they will gather all the people in the court and ask the old snipers to go to the mountains to find the grass and trees. If they don't give them, they will be whipped. 棰氰 Yan. All the snipers are afraid of suffering, so they dare not disobey it.
One day, a young sniper said to the snipers: "The fruits of the mountain are grown by the public?" He said, "No, it's natural." Said: "Take what you can't get if it's not fair?" "No," he said, "you can get them all."
Said: "Then why should I pretend to serve him?" " Before the words were spoken, all the snipers were dead. That evening, when the two of them were sleeping in the sniper's bed, they broke the fence and destroyed the Xun, took the treasure, and took the snipers with them into the forest, never to return.
The snipers He died in despair. Yu Li said: There are people in the world who use skills to control people but have no morals.
Is it like a sniper? But he is unconscious and has no skills. . Translation: There was a man in the state of Chu who made a living by raising macaques. The people of Chu called him "Sniper Gong".
Every morning, he must assign macaques to work in the courtyard and let the old macaques lead them. Other monkeys go to the mountains to pick the fruits of the plants and take one-tenth of the fruits to feed themselves. If some monkeys don't give them the fruits, they will be whipped. /p>
All the macaques thought (this kind of life) was very bitter, but they did not dare to violate it. One day, a little macaque asked many macaques: "The fruits on the mountain are from the trees planted by the snipers." )? "Many macaques said: "No, (the fruit) is natural. ”
He asked again: “If Sniper can’t get (the fruit), can’t (we) pick it?” Many macaques said: "No, anyone can pick it." "And asked: "If this is the case, then why do we obey him and be enslaved by him? "Before the words were finished, all the macaques understood it.
That night, many macaques waited until the sniper fell asleep, broke the fence, destroyed the warehouse, and took away the grain stored by him (the sniper). Holding hands with each other (here means together), they went into the forest and never came back.
Yu Liong said: "The kind of people in the world who use power to enslave people and do not regulate things according to the right way. People are like snipers! He can succeed only because the people are ignorant and have not yet awakened. Once someone enlightens the people's wisdom, his power will be exhausted. "The Jia people from Jiyin crossed the river and died in their boat. They perched on a floating boat and called Yan.
Some fishermen went to rescue him in a boat. Before they arrived, the Jia people hurriedly shouted: "I Jiyin's huge house can save me, and I will give you a hundred gold! "The fisherman carried it up to the land, and offered him ten gold coins. The fisherman said: "I promised you a hundred gold coins, and now I give you ten gold coins. It's all right! Jiaren became excited and said, "If you are a fisherman, how much can you catch in one day?" But getting ten gold pieces suddenly is not enough? "The fisherman retreated sadly.
One day, the Jia people were floating down the Luliang River. The boat was thinner than stone and capsized, but the fisherman was there. People said: "Yun saved them? "The fisherman said: "This is the kind of person who promises money but does not pay.
"Standing and looking at it, he disappeared. Translation: There was a businessman in Jiyin. His boat sank while crossing the river. In the crisis, he had to lie down on the dead grass floating in the river and call for help.
A fisherman drove a small boat to rescue him. Before the boat could reach him, the businessman hurriedly shouted: "I am a wealthy family in Jishang. If you can save me, I will give you one hundred taels of silver." "After the fisherman took him to the shore in a boat, he only gave the fisherman ten taels of silver.
The fisherman asked him: "When I rescued you, you personally promised me one hundred taels of silver, but Now I only give ten taels. I’m afraid this is unreasonable, right? The businessman immediately changed his face and said, "You are a fisherman. How much income can you make in a day?" Now that you have received ten taels of silver at once, aren't you satisfied? "The fisherman walked away unhappy. Some days later, the businessman took a boat down the Luliang River eastward. The boat hit a rock and sank again, and the fisherman happened to be at the place where his boat sank.
When someone saw that the fisherman did not move, they asked him: "Why don't you save him? The fisherman replied contemptuously: "This is that." 3. Looking for answers to 60 articles on high school classical Chinese reading training
20. Huang Tingjian on calligraphy 1. ① Charter ② Stop ③ Difference ④ In line 2. ① Never have a plan in mind beforehand; ② Young An brother (you ) Do you think what I said is right? 3. The handwriting is well written.
21. Li Taibo changed the characters 1. ①Be the prefect of the county ②Shui Haoda's appearance ③Stop ④Change ⑤Big ⑥Ask ⑦Nod. 2. ① After writing it, show it to Uncle Li; ② It will definitely leave a reputation in the world; ③ I almost kneel down to thank you.
3. Multiple times. 4.①○1 "风" is a flat-sounding word, which does not feel cramped; ② "风" means popularity, spread and "style".
22. Gong Sui is the governor of Bohai 1. ① at the same time ② with "capture" ③ recommended ④ in line with ⑤ charity, consideration ⑥ with "joy" ⑦ send (them) back ⑧ remove ⑨ can ⑩ personally ○ 11 Maverick ○12 Supervision 2. ① How do you want to calm down the thieves there and satisfy my wishes? ②Do you want me to defeat them now, or appease them? ③Sent a letter to warn the subordinate counties; ④Gong Sui opened the granary and lent grain to the poor people. 3. Refers to industry and commerce.
23. Lishe Qingwen 1. ① being ② hoped for ③ will ④ be too much ⑤ hoped for ⑥ if ⑦ has no ⑧ consideration 2. ① will use it to make the family rich; ② Why doesn’t God ask the Emperor of Heaven immediately? Report and prevent it? ③The people think that they (foolishness) are not worthy of blame, so they do not blame them. ④God is wise and benevolent, so why should he imitate the behavior of stupid officials instead of saving the people and keeping them alive? ⑤ Unlike an official who remains in his position for a while, someone will soon replace him and he will not continue to do so.
24. Praise for Liu Xie 1. ① Ridicule ② This ③ Change 2. ① Steal three or four quotations from Confucius; ② The man changed his face angrily and stood up; ③ However, how do you know what he said? It’s so profound! 3. ① disciples ② are in vain ③ only ④ empty 4. Saints above Emperor Xi lived in darkness all day long. 25. Bingyuan quit drinking 1. ① Gathered ② 2. ① Walked with a bookcase on his back; ② I was afraid that he would ruin his studies.
3.② 4. Explain that Bing Zai is a person who can drink and likes to drink. If he doesn’t drink, he is forcing himself. 26. Study hard at the beginning of the twentieth year of Huang Fumi 1. ① Restrict ② If someone ③ gives it to ⑤ Exceed ⑥ Concentrate ⑦ Tears ⑧ Life ⑨ Work and career 2. ① There is no education (thought) in the mind; ② There is nothing to use Comfort me; ③Why are you so stupid! ④The one who benefits is you, what does it have to do with me! ⑤Farm by yourself.
3.③ 4.① Children must have a good environment; ② Children must be trustworthy. 27. Kuang Heng borrowed light to cut the wall 1. ① The local people ② felt strange ③ Borrow, help 2. ① Kuang Heng hired him as a laborer without asking for compensation; ② People at that time respected Kuang Heng so much; ③ Kuang Heng went to follow him Reason and ask questions.
3. The embarrassment before leaving. 28. Qing Wensheng asked for orders for the people 1. ① Be an official ② Approach ③ Prepare ④ Sympathize with ⑤ County ⑥ Sacrifice 2. ① (A) ② (B) 3. ① Encounter floods every year; ② The dead come one after another; ③ Just in Denwen He hanged himself under the drum; ④ Use one hundred acres of public land to support his family.
4. The ruling class exacts excessive taxes without caring about the lives of the people. 29. Jinnong and Cangtou 1. ① just ② carve ③ just ④ because ⑤ carve 2. The style of the inkstone conceived by (Cangtou) is very elegant.
30. Kang Dehan saves Li Mengyang 1. ① Approach ② Get rid of... ③ Convey 2. ① Kang Dehan does not associate with him; ② I surrender to Liu Jin, but I can keep my good friend alive, and the world will be happy with him. People in future generations will probably understand (agree) with me! 31. Chen Zhanghou despises dignitaries 1. ① relies on ② to ask for ③ even if ④ has been ⑤ given 2. ① likes to deal with wine; ② helps their poor life; ③ a noble person with bad quality. 3. Calligraphy and painting.
32. Li Xiya and Cheng Huangdun 1. ① Justifiable ② Coincident ③ Couple ④ Samurai’s helmet ⑤ Famous 2. Li Xiya became the prime minister and managed national affairs. 3. Beautiful patterns 4. Threads; extended to manage political affairs.
33. Yang Wanli worries about the country 1. ① Well ② Take power ③ Entrust ④ Resent ⑤ Unhappy ⑥ Immediately ⑦ Immediately ⑧ Country ⑨ 2. ① Want to recruit famous people from all over to help him; ② All The days when Han ※ Zhou was in power; ③ The dictatorial power ignored the emperor. 34. Specialization will lead to excellence, miscellaneous knowledge will lead to roughness 1. ①Popular, popular ②Poetry ③Shocked 2. ①He pursues multiple talents, and when he sees others having one specialty, he also wants to have both; ②Dai Dongyuan regarded Feng Tell me what you say (see, me).
3.② 4. Concentration will lead to excellence, and miscellaneous knowledge will lead to roughness. 35. Yu Wenqi unexpectedly fulfilled his wish 1. ① Lost his father when he was young ② Living as a guest ③ Sweet ④ Delicious food ⑤ Businessman, trading ⑥ Hiding ⑦ oil ⑧ Until ⑨ is full 2. ① He is depressed because his travel schedule has been blocked; ② Read all the books on the bookshelf And turned into the economy in the belly.
┱┈『What』~（450581955） 19:22:03 36. Huang Luzhi respects Su Shi 1. ① Same as "hang", hanging ② disciple, that is, student ③ 2. ① Get up every morning, Put on your clothes, put on your hat, light incense, and bow respectfully; ②How dare you get the order of teachers and students wrong? 3.② 37. Su Shi’s personal acquaintance with Fan Zhongyan 1. ① Capital City ② Shandong Province ③ Privately, in the heart ④ Dead ⑤ Already ⑥ Tears ⑦ Probably ⑧ Same as “again” 2. ① Why should children know it? ②The old gentleman thought that Su Shi's remarks were unusual, so he told him the whole situation; ③Although he could not understand everything at the time. 3. ② 38. Jin Nong relieves the salt merchant's embarrassment 1. ① Be a guest ② Make it up in order ④ Appropriate ⑤ Scenery 2. ① Compete with each other to invite (Jin Nong) to go; ② Everyone thinks that Jin Nong is knowledgeable; ③ Guidance the next day One thousand taels of silver were given to the gold farmer.
3. ① Jiangnan; ② Because "the sunset shines back". 39. Zhang Mingshan ridiculed Zhang Shide 1. ① Geely ② End 2. ① Seize people’s land to expand (his) garden; ② Spend extravagantly on banquets and entertainment; ③ Let singing girls play and sing; ④ In the end, he did not dare (to Zhang Mingshan )How about it.
3. Pun; freeze to death all the people will kill you. 40. Cai Yong listens to the piano 1. ① Naming ② Behind the screen ③ Secretly ④ Retreating ⑤ Looks startled ⑥ Looks smiling 2. ① By the time (he) left, the other party was already drunk and his ears were hot; ② Cai Yong has always been known to the villagers Respected; ③ Cai Yong told the other party the whole situation; ④ Is this murderous intention revealed in the sound of the piano? 3. Cai Yong is proficient in music and is good at identifying the sound of the piano.
41. Su Dongpo returns to the north 1. ① Follow ② Hand over ③ Write 2. ① Take a short rest in a country inn; ② Who is the official? ③I heard that someone is trying every possible means to hurt you; ④I am a good person blessed by God. 3. Few of those who were demoted and went to the south came back alive.
42. Zheng Xuan’s correspondence 1. ① With "invitation" ② Gathering ③ Fighting ④ Attached 2. ① So he invited (Zheng Xuan) to the hall and took a seat; ② He did not think he was a knowledgeable person; ③They are all out of the question (meaning knowledgeable); ④No one is not impressed and admired. 3. Ridiculing Ying Zhu for not even understanding the basic rules of Confucianism.
. 4. How to improve extracurricular classical Chinese writing in high school, as well as appreciation of extracurricular poetry
First of all, you must know something about the background of classical Chinese or poetry, such as the author, writing period, etc. These can provide a basis for the overall style and tone of the poetry. For poetry, first of all, the whole poem is divided into four parts: beginning, succession, transition, and ending. For each part, we need to find the key words and outstanding points. When appreciating poetry, we must pay special attention to the middle scene and mood of classical poetry. To analyze the scene, you need to analyze the situation, and to analyze the situation, you need to show it as a scene. Appreciation of classical Chinese must first be based on reading, reading, and understanding. The so-called reading means being able to understand the meaning of words and sentences and be accurate. Segment sentences and connect them with the context to find out the meaning of obscure passages. In the college entrance examination, you don’t need to understand every sentence of classical Chinese. If you don’t understand, you must read the context; the so-called reading through means to find out the relationship between each paragraph. Generally, The relationship between paragraphs in classical Chinese is not very different from that in modern Chinese. If you clarify the relationship between paragraphs, you will have a good grasp of the general direction; the last step is to read thoroughly. To read thoroughly is to consider why the paragraph contains what it says, so that you can do a good job in translation. Remember to accept it.