1, folk songs. Yuanqu is a people's opera, which is different from the temple divine comedy and the court poetic drama. This is the art of citizens and farmers.
2. extensive. The theme of Yuanqu is very extensive, not only limited to the regime of the dynasty, the family affairs of the nobility and so on, but also related to various life styles such as literati, farmers, businessmen, women and children. 3. profound. Yuanqu profoundly and directly reflects various social contradictions, and does not cover up class contradictions and ethnic contradictions with human feelings;
4. Typical. The characters created by Yuan Qu are diverse and complex, which are typical of real life and universal ideals.
5. stumbling. There are great tragedies and comedies in Yuanqu, which are mixed with sadness and joy and pursue a happy ending.
6. artistry. Yuanqu closely combines singing, speaking, jumping, beating with singing, doing, reading and beating. Virtual and real coexist, with both form and spirit. (Shanxi Daily)
Wu Tongyu
An Shi Rebellion
Chen broke up with lovers.
Yang Guifei Xiaori Litchi Xiang
Wu Tongyu in Don Huang Ming's Autumn Night
Autumn of Han Palace in Ma Zhiyuan
Shen Heijiang Fei Ming Zhong Qing hates it
Han Gongqiu, the Lonely Goose in the Dream
Famous Yuanqu:
Yang Chunqu (topic)
Bai Pu
Good things are never born frugal,
Since ancient times, melons have been bitter and sweet.
Your mother insisted on tightening the pliers,
Very strict,
The more obstacles, the more affection.
Tianjin Sha (Qiu Si)
Ma Zhiyuan
Old vines, old trees, faint crows
Small bridges and flowing water.
The ancient road and the west wind are thin.
The sun went down,
Heartbroken people are at the end of the world.
Mountain slope sheep (Tongguan nostalgia)
Zhang
The mountains are like clusters,
Waves are like anger,
Tongguan road, mountains and rivers inside and outside.
Look west.
At the same time,
Sadness in Qin and Han Dynasties.
Ten thousand rooms in Quegong have been buried.
Xing, the people suffer. Death makes people suffer.
Flower Selling (Nostalgia)
Zhang Kejiu
Beauty committed suicide on the bank of Wujiang River,
The war once burned Chibi Mountain,
The general is empty and old.
Sad Qin and Han dynasties,
Drawing charcoal for a living,
The reader sighed.
Double Tuned Night Boat (Qiu Si)
Ma Zhiyuan
A hundred years old is like a butterfly,
Looking back.
This spring has come,
Flowers will wither in the Ming dynasty,
Emergency punishment: the midnight light goes out.
[Qiao Mucha]
Miss Qin Gong Hanfu,
They all worked in rotten grass, cattle and sheep fields.
There's nothing to say if you don't care.
Vertical wasteland tomb horizontal tablet,
Don't argue with dragons and snakes.
[Qing Xuanhe]
Throw it into the rabbit hole in fox road,
How many heroes.
Three and a half legs,
Do you know that he is Ye Wei?
Do you know that he is Master Jin?
[plum blossom wind]
God taught you to be rich,
Don't be too extravagant
It's a sunny night.
Seeing that money is like iron,
Empty failed the beautiful hall.
[The wind blows into the pine tree]
The red sun is setting in the west,
Like a car going downhill.
Dawn comes to clear the mirror and add snow,
Go to bed and say goodbye to your shoes.
Don't laugh at the clumsy tactics of pigeons.
Huluti always wears makeup.
[continuous dialing]
Fame and fortune,
Absolutely right or wrong.
The world of mortals does not mess with the door,
Green trees are suitable for the corner of the house.
Castle Peak fills the void in the wall,
Bamboo fence thatched cottage
[Leaving the Pavilion for Dinner]
It's best to post it after sleeping.
Roosters always crow.
Struggle for fame and profit,
What time?
Mi Erzha ants line up,
There are bees making honey,
Make a fuss about blood.
Peigong Lvye Hall,
Ling Tao White Lotus Sect.
Those who love Qiu Lai:
Picking dew yellow flowers,
Boiled purple crab in frost,
Soju burns red leaves.
Life is limited,
Several rock climbing festivals.
Tell a urchin reporter:
He came to see me in Beihai,
Daodongli was drunk.
Hanqin Guan
Double carving Dade Pavilion
spring
Better go home than cry. Tao is that people don't return in spring. After a few days, I added a haggard and fluttering Liu. There is no news about the fish and geese in spring [3], see Shuang Yan contending for mud [4].
summer
Beautiful friends, at the end of the world [5]. On the other hand, Populus euphratica is a horse [6]. Trapped under the south window, several pairs of breezes miss him [7]. Who should be taught to paint when the moth's eyebrows are weak [8], and who should be taught to paint pomegranate flowers when the rock is thin and ashamed [9].
autumn
The wind is floating and it's raining, so Chen Tuan can't sleep [10]. I was annoyed and hurt my arm, and I burst into tears [one by one]. The children in Qiu Chan are noisy and cold. They are crying and drizzling on bananas.
winter
Snowflakes bloom and pears dance [14]. There are no longer four or five houses in Yancun [15], and there are many pictures [16]. Look at the crow in the sparse forest [17], the Qingjiang River is shaded by Huang Wei, and the fishing boat is inclined [18].
[1] Disyllabic: Gongdiao name. Brother Dade: That's the tune of this song.
[2] Classification: namely azaleas. It is said that it sounds a bit like "it is better to go home", it is better to go home ". Chao Bu Zhi's "A Collection of Red Rivers": "Come back, don't teach your son to cry, and Fang Fei will rest. "
[3] Fish and Goose: a general term for letters. "Biography of Wu": "The messenger called Khan, saying that the son of heaven shot the goose in the forest, which is a silk book." Qin Guan partridge day: "there is no news of fish and birds in a spring, and a thousand miles have passed a mountain dream."
[4] See: only see. Fighting for mud: fighting for mud to build a nest. Bai Juyi's spring outing in Qiantang Lake, with a new swallow pecking at the spring mud, is full of poetry, implying acacia and love.
[5] Tianya: refers to a very far place. "Nineteen Ancient Poems": "We are separated from Wan Li on the same day. '
[6] the sentence "biased towards that" is nothing more than that. Zhang Lei's romantic son: "If you tie the horse, you will hang Angelababy."
[7] Number pairs: face repeatedly and face frequently.
[8] moth eyebrow: refers to the long and curved eyebrows of women.
[9] thin rock: thin appearance. Pomegranate flower: generally refers to red flowers. Su Shi's "He Xinlang": "Pomegranate half spits a red scarf" as pomegranate flower.
[10] Chen Tuan Gao Lie: Chen Tuan: a famous Taoist at the end of the Five Dynasties and the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty. Word figure south, since the number Fuyouzi, once became a monk in Huashan, Song Taizong gave the name "Mr. Yi Xi". I usually get up after sleeping for more than one hundred days.
[1 1] Su Su: The appearance of tears.
[12] and Joan: Two kinds of insects that easily arouse people's worries in autumn, poets often use them to describe and touch Qiu Si who is out of touch with people. Cicada, also known as cicada. Cold: cricket.
[13] The sentence of "West Xi Lingling": It describes a rain in Mao Mao. Light rain hits the banana, taking Li Yu's Sauvignon Blanc: "There are many autumn winds, and the rain is harmonious, and there are three bananas outside the curtain. The meaning of "the night is long and people are helpless".
[14] Snow is in full bloom, dancing with pear flowers: describe snow as white as pear flowers. "Send Wu to Beijing": "The north wind blows white grass, and eight In the snow crosses Tatar. Just like the spring wind, it blows at night and blows open the petals of 10 thousand pear trees. "
[15] Yancun: a village shrouded in smog.
[16] Cantu: It is worth depicting. Picture, here are verbs. "Biography of Su Han Wu": "Draw people in Qilin Pavilion."
[17] Shadow: The semi-hidden land is exposed, or hidden or present.
[18] Sentence: A small fishing boat is tied obliquely. Cable, originally a rope tied to a boat, is used as a verb in the dictionary.
Hanqin Guan
Xiao Yu with double carving pen
Afraid of seeing the spring return, the branches fly [1]. Quietly cover the sweet boudoir, and the little warbler crows outside the curtain [2]. It is rare to hate the end of the world [3], and dreams are all known. The clothes are wide [4] and the waist is thin [5]; Chi, secretly gaunt.
Autumn scenery can be inscribed [6], and red leaves flow all over the mountain. Loose path is suitable [7], and Huang Ju bypasses Dongli. Just clear the bottle and pour the wine [8], and there will be a white wine glass [9]. What is the economic benefit of the official product pole [100] [11]? Return and learn to get drunk [12].
[1] catkin: catkin, Liuhua people. Su Shi's "Butterfly Loves Flowers": "There are fewer willows blowing on the branches, and there are more fragrant grass in the end of the world!"
[2] Outside the curtain, Xiaoying cried. Jin Changxu's "Spring Complaint". "Get rid of the oriole, get rid of all the music on the tree. When she dreamed that she went to meet him in Liaoxi camp, they woke her up. "
[3] Brocade: words made of brocade. Tao Dou's wife Su Hui gave him a piece of brocade as a palindrome, which was later called a love letter. Chao Bu Zhi's palindrome: "Woven into a brocade, a thousand words are different."
[4] take off your coat: Liu Yong's "Die Lian Hua": "The flowers are getting wider and wider, and I don't regret it because I am tired." This shows that you are lovesick because of parting and emaciated because of lovesickness.
[5] Huo: Holding it means that it has a small waist. Han Feizi's handle said, "King Chu Ling has a thin waist, and there are many hungry people in his palace." Later, she described beauty with a thin waist.
[6] Candy: It's worth writing and painting.
[7] loose path: refers to the secluded garden. Tao Yuanming's "Farewell Speech": "The three paths will be barren, and the pine chrysanthemum will still exist." And the poem "Drinking", "Picking chrysanthemums under the hedge, leisurely seeing Nanshan", see the next sentence.
[8] Pei: Unfermented wine. Li Bai's Xiangyang Song: "From a distance, the duck's head is green, like the first splash of grapes."
[9] white clothes to persuade wine: Tao Yuanming sat in the chrysanthemum bushes next to his home for a long time on September 9, suffering from no wine. Suddenly Wang Hong, a Taoist priest in Jiangzhou, sent wine in white, and Yuan Ming took care of it and returned drunk. White clothes worn by government officials.
[10] rank: the highest rank.
[1 1] Cheng Heji: What are the benefits? Economic benefits.
[12] Yuan Ming: the word Qian, a famous poet in China in the 4th and 5th centuries. He can't adapt to officialdom life. He only worked as Peng for more than 80 days, wrote an article "Homecoming" and returned to China.
Bai Pu
Lv Zhong and Yang Chunqu bosom friends (two songs)
Knowing honor and shame is a tight-lipped problem [3], and whoever doesn't nod to whom stays in poetry for a long time [4]. Idle hands, poor evil spirit also romantic [5].
Don't get drunk because of poetry [6], often get drunk because of chanting souls [7], and have leisure at four o'clock [8]. Useless people, poetry and wine are all happy [9].
[1] Lv Zhong: one of the twelve tones. Yang Chunqu is its qupai.
[2] Know a few (Kyrgyzstan): Understand the key and omen of things changing. "Under the copula of Yi": "What is the magic of knowing a few? ..... It is very small, and Kyrgyzstan's vision is also. " Machines: subtle omens.
[3] Rong Zhi: To understand the truth of "keeping profits and protecting Thailand". Knowing shame: I understand the truth that "knowing enough does not disgrace my body". Chapter 28 of Laozi: "It is heaven to know its honor and keep its shame." This is Laozi's philosophy of preserving our sanity. Jane: Sew up your mouth. Shuo Wen jing yuan Shen: "Confucius stayed in the ancestral temple for a week. Before the throne, some Jin people kept their mouths shut, but behind their backs they said: The ancients were cautious. "After that, he said he was silent.
[4] stay: stay for a long time. Li Sao: "Time is colorful and changeable, and a long stay is never enough.
[5] "Poverty" sentence: Even if it is extremely poor, it is also an honor. Romance is an honor and glory here.
[6] Sleeping by drinking: refers to drinking too much and being sleepy by drinking. Poetry is sleepy: it means looking for orange intestines and moaning all day long.
[7] Chanting the soul: refers to the interest and motivation in poetry. Also known as "poetic soul". Drunk soul: refers to the mental state of unconsciousness due to excessive drinking.
[8] Four seasons: one refers to spring, summer, autumn and winter; One refers to morning, evening, day and night. Yue Feng: It refers to natural scenery such as cool breeze and bright moon. Ouyang Xiu's "Jade House Spring": "Life is infatuated, and this resentment has nothing to do with romance."
[9] Innocence: refers to the nature that is not affected by affectation, hypocrisy and customs.
Yuanqu is a wonderful flower in the splendid cultural treasure house of the Chinese nation, which embodies its unique characteristics in ideological content and artistic achievements and has become three important milestones in the history of China literature.
Yuanqu has strict metrical formula, and each qupai has fixed format requirements in sentence pattern, word number, level tone and so on. However, although there is a fixed frame, it is not rigid. Inserts are allowed in the fixed frame, and some qupai can be added with sentences.
Compared with quatrains and Song Ci, it is more flexible.
Yuanqu combines traditional poetry, folk songs and dialects, forming a humorous and free-and-easy artistic style, which has a very important impact on the innovative development of Ci.
Yuanqu is another literary prosperity after Tang poetry and Song poetry, which has unique charm: on the one hand, Yuanqu inherits the beauty and grace of poetry; On the one hand, the society of the Yuan Dynasty made scholars blind to money. The works describing love in Yuan Qu are also more inflammatory and bold than the poems of past dynasties. All these are enough to keep the artistic charm of Yuanqu forever. Being in the position of "eight prostitutes, nine scholars and ten beggars", political monopoly and social darkness, Yuanqu radiates extremely dazzling fighting brilliance and reveals resistance. Sharp-edged pointed at the drawbacks of society, denounced the society that "not reading is the highest, illiteracy is the best, and people who are not sensible are bragging", and pointed at the world trend that "everyone is embarrassed to live, and no one can see the money". The works describing love in Yuan Qu are also more inflammatory and bold than the poems of past dynasties. All these are enough to keep the artistic charm of Yuanqu forever.