Tang-Wang Zhihuan
The Yellow River is far above the white clouds, and
Wan Ren Mountain is an isolated city.
Why should Qiangdi blame the willow?
Spring breeze doesn't pass Yumenguan.
The first sentence of the poem captures the special feeling of looking at the Yellow River from the bottom (swimming) to the top (swimming) and from near to far, and depicts the moving picture of "the Yellow River is far above the white clouds": the surging and surging Yellow River flies up to the clouds like a ribbon. The writing is really a leap of thought and the weather is open. Another famous poem of the poet, "and oceans drain the golden river", has the opposite observation angle, and is watched from top to bottom; Li Bai's "how the Yellow River's waters move out of heaven" is different from this sentence, although it also writes about watching the upstream, but the line of sight moves from far to near. "and oceans drain the golden river" and "how the Yellow River's waters move out of heaven" are both deliberately exaggerating the style of the Yellow River, showing dynamic beauty. And "the Yellow River is far above the white clouds", the direction is opposite to the flow direction of the river, which is intended to highlight its long-standing leisurely manner and show a static beauty. At the same time, it shows the vast and magnificent scenery of the border, which is worthy of being a strange sentence throughout the ages.
The second sentence "An isolated city, Wan Ren Mountain" appears as an isolated city on the frontier, which is one of the main images of this poem and belongs to the main part of the "picture scroll". "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds" is its great background, and "Wan Ren Mountain" is its close background. Against the backdrop of the mountains in Yuanchuan, it is beneficial to see that the city is in a dangerous terrain and lonely situation. "Piece" is a idiom in Tang poetry, which is often linked with "loneliness" (such as "a piece of lonely sail" and "a piece of lonely cloud", etc.). Here it is equivalent to "a seat", but the word has an extra meaning of "thinness". Such a lonely city in Mobei is of course not a residential area, but a fortress guarding the border, and at the same time implies that there are husbands in readers' poems. As a vocabulary of classical poetry, "Lonely City" has a specific meaning. It is often associated with the sadness of leaving people, such as "The setting sun of Kuifu Gucheng is oblique, and every time you follow the Beidou Wangjing Hua" (Du Fu's Autumn Prosperity), "Knowing the Han Dynasty from afar makes Xiao Guan outside, worrying about seeing the sunset edge of Gucheng" (Wang Wei's Seeing Wei off to evaluate things) and so on. The image of "lonely city" in the second sentence is introduced first, which makes preparations for the next two sentences to further describe the psychology of recruiting husbands.
Poetry begins with describing the vastness and desolation of mountains and rivers, and inherits the loneliness and danger of the defenders. The third sentence suddenly turns, introducing the sound of Qiang flute. The tune played by Qiangdi is "Folding Willow", which can't help but evoke the sadness of the recruiter. This sentence is translated into Yuefu's "Cross Blowing Quci". Fold the willow songs ""Don't catch the whip when you get on the horse, but fold Yang Liuzhi. Playing the flute on the bench, worrying about killing travelers "is poetic." The custom of folding willows to bid farewell was the most prosperous in the Tang Dynasty. "Willow" has a more direct relationship with parting. Therefore, people will not only feel sad when they see the willow, but also feel sad when they hear the flute music of "Folding the Willow". The "Qiangdi" sentence does not say "smell the willow" but "blame the willow", which is especially wonderful. This avoids directly using the title of the tune, turns the board into life, and can trigger more associations and deepen poetry. Outside Yumenguan, the spring breeze is not strong, the willows are not green, and people can't leave a willow to send their feelings, which is even more embarrassing than breaking the willow to bid farewell. When people listen to music with this kind of mood, it seems that the flute is also "complaining about the willow", and the resentment revealed is strong, but it is euphemistically expressed in the broad explanation of "why complain", which is deep, implicit and intriguing. This third sentence conveys such a rich poetic sentiment in question, and the last sentence "Spring breeze is not enough to pass Yumenguan" will come naturally. Entering poetry with the word "Yumenguan" is also related to soliciting people to leave their thoughts. The Book of Later Han Dynasty. Ban Chao biography says: "I dare not look at Jiuquan County, but I hope to be born in Yumenguan." Therefore, the last sentence is being written in a bitter cold, implying infinite homesickness. If we compare this poem "Liangzhou Ci" with some frontier poems after the middle Tang Dynasty (such as Zhang Qiao's "Old Soldiers in Hehuang"), we will find that although this poem is extremely written about the resentment that those who are guarding the frontier cannot return to their hometown, it is tragic and desolate, without the emotional appeal of decline and depression, showing the broad mind of poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Even if you write sad grievances, you are strong in sadness, sad and generous. The word "why complain" not only shows the euphemistic implication of its artistic technique, but also shows that border guards at that time realized the great responsibility of defending the country and defending the border when homesickness was difficult to ban, so that they could be so self-forgiving. Perhaps it is because of its sad mood that Liangzhou Ci can become a typical representative of "Tang Yin"
at heron lodge
Wang Zhihuan
mountains cover the white sun,
and oceans drain the golden river.
but you widen your view three hundred miles,
by going up one flight of stairs.
This is a well-known five-character quatrain written by Wang Zhihuan, a famous frontier poet in the Tang Dynasty.
When it comes to a "famous poet", it doesn't mean that he wrote many poems (for example, a famous monarch in the Qing Dynasty wrote 4, poems in his life, and we don't call them "famous"), but that his poems are very "classic". Among his six existing poems, there are two top quatrains, besides at heron lodge, there is also the poem "Out of the fortress" (also known as "Liangzhou Ci").