Grasp the composition of primary school students as a whole
First, improve the ability to understand and express things. Mr. Ye Shengtao, a famous educator in China, pointed out: "Writing anything depends on knowledge and experience. What kind of knowledge and experience can make you write something. On the other hand, if you don't have the ability to express understanding, you can't write a good composition. "
Second, take the cognitive structure as the core of the composition, including learning knowledge, observing accumulation, memory storage, training thinking, enriching imagination, cultivating emotion and exercising will; From talking about writing, scrutinizing and revising, reading more books and writing more.
Third, set up a big composition concept and combine listening, speaking, reading and writing organically.
First, we should pay attention to the examination of questions; The second is to make clear the purpose of writing and be innovative; Third, the selection of materials should be based on evidence; Fourth, we should pay attention to writing skills and arrange the structure of the article; Fifth, we should pay attention to the segmentation of the article and list the subheadings and composition outlines in advance; Sixth, we should pay attention to the writing and usage of the article; Seventh, we should use language skillfully and use thought to schedule language.
Learn five ways to conceive: praise people with things, express their feelings directly, reason with things, touch the scene and express their feelings with things.
Fourth, the composition goal is decomposed year by year: first-level words, second-level sentences, third-level fragments, fourth-level chapters, fifth-level synthesis and sixth-level improvement.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) carries out five trainings.
According to the principle that cognition is the core of composition, around the core of developing students' psychological mechanism, five trainings have been carried out in a down-to-earth manner:
(1) word training. Learn to master many words. Master the golden key to using words: contact with things you are familiar with; Contact your own life reality; Contact your knowledge of language and writing.
Use the method of "ten quotations" to combine word learning with oral training. The "Top Ten Quotations" are: 1, analyzing glyphs; 2. Use teaching AIDS; 3. Look at the pictures and learn words; 4. Word formation and expansion; 5. Choose words to fill in the blanks; 6. collocation of words; 7. Adjust the word order; 8. Words used to move the scene; 9. Word classification; 10, conjunctions into sentences. Enrich the content of oral training, so that I can accumulate a large number of words that I can speak and use, and lay a solid foundation for writing.
(2) Sentence training. As long as it is a sentence, it includes two aspects: one is about people, things, things and scenery, and the other is about purpose. However, some teachers do not use pictures and things to seriously teach students the methods of observation, understanding, analysis and expression when instructing students to say a sentence. They just take out a picture or something for students to say and write a sentence. Students don't know why to say and write a sentence, how to say and write a sentence, and what sentence patterns to say and write, which leads to a single, dull and lifeless composition tone. Students can be taught to speak and write a sentence with four complete elements, four sentence patterns and nine sentence patterns, according to pictures, things, dialogues and exercises. Students will use different sentence patterns and sentence patterns to express different thoughts, feelings, attitudes and purposes in their compositions.
(3) Paragraph training. Combination of eight segments: the development of things is a sequential segment, time is a sequential segment, and spatial transformation is a sequential segment, a general and substructure segment, a causal segment, a turning segment, a progressive segment, and a parallel segment. In order to understand the law of occurrence and development of objective things. No matter what kind of paragraph, it describes the development of things and people's understanding of things, that is, the content and the center of the paragraph. Like a sentence, it is also a description of people, things, things and scenery, and it also expresses a meaning. Just to make a sentence clearer and deeper.
(4) Text training. A chapter consists of paragraphs. Through the knowledge and methods of examining topics, making ideas, selecting materials, planning articles, defining methods and terms, through the four expression methods of narration, description, lyricism and discussion, the methods of beginning and end of articles, transition and echo, and the knowledge and methods of various article genres. Learn to write narrative and practical articles with clear center, complete meaning and appropriate details.
(5), life on-site training. Use on-site training to better understand writing from the content. Through various composition teaching activities such as "centering", "selecting materials", "composition consultation meeting", "Xiao Zhuge grade examination meeting" and "wonderful word competition meeting", we can learn composition knowledge and writing methods vividly and concretely from the activities. In addition, you can also carry out various activities inside and outside the school, such as skipping rope, tug-of-war, kicking shuttlecock, ball games, endorsement competitions, etc., and learn how to write competition compositions; Carry out voluntary labor inside and outside the school and learn how to write labor scenes; Hold poetry recitals and lectures to learn how to write conference scenes and experiences; Learn how to write travel notes and travel notes by visiting and browsing places of interest. Learn to observe methods and pay attention to things around you. "Pay attention to everything and you will learn. The cultivation of human feelings is the article." Through on-site life composition, I further realized that life is fertile ground for composition. So as to learn to describe things, express true feelings, cultivate the sentiments of truth, goodness and beauty, and cultivate a good style of writing.
Implement "mutual evaluation and mutual reform" to cultivate students' thinking independence and creativity. After students write their compositions, organize group comments. Learn the advantages of other people's compositions first, and then point out the shortcomings in their own compositions with critical eyes and suggestions for improvement. Rewrite on this basis, so that students can learn something from each article they write.
Write down your truth.
"Write your honest words" is what the old educator Mr. Ye Shengtao said. It aims to create a colorful "independent" composition world. The so-called "autonomy" means that students are free to think and write without being restricted by rules and regulations. "Independent" composition means "speaking from the heart", acting spontaneously, showing self-style, and embodying distinctive personality.
We should break away from the old composition teaching method, let students write in an "independent" state, shed affectation and imitation, give them fresh imagination and rich creativity, and what is waiting for harvest will be colorful colors, fresh fruits and full of vitality.
When writing, it often happens in the classroom: some students are exhausted and pour out what they want to say in a few words, which is shriveled; Some students are full of thoughts, and if there is running water in their minds, or gurgling, or ups and downs, their works are eloquent. The reason is, of course, closely related to the adequacy of writing materials. However, another important factor must not be ignored, that is, how well imagination is played.
According to the research of modern brain physiology, the human brain can be divided into four functional parts, namely, perception part, judgment part, storage part and imagination part. For most people, the first three parts focus on development, while the imaginary part is ignored. According to the research and test, the average person only uses 15% of his imagination, which has great potential. When learning to write, we must attach importance to the development of imagination. People say that science begins with imagination. If people don't fantasize about flying like birds and swimming like fish, where will there be today's planes and submarines? The same is true of writing articles. If you use your imagination and let your thoughts have wings, you will be able to explore up and down, roam in the wild and get very rich writing materials.
To develop imagination, we should choose a non-directional, jumping and free way, that is, to extrapolate and think without restriction. Generally speaking, people often think about problems according to certain conventions and angles, and the scope of thinking is relatively narrow, while imagination is not thinking step by step, but thinking freely without any constraints, and thinking is fully divergent. Divergent thinking can form images of many things that have never been seen before and create unprecedented new images.
Simple mistakes often made in writing.
The most common mistake in primary school students' writing is to digress or digress.
Another common problem is poor writing and insufficient vocabulary. If you add the content of "unconstrained style", write an impossible thing in real life at random, or make trouble or have a negative impact, it will be miserable.
Several reasons:
(1) Improper selection of materials: especially for the composition based on pictures, they do not play according to the pictures, but "create" at will.
(2) Lack of vocabulary: the whole description of "happy" is "happy" and there are no other adjectives;
(3) Inconsistent sentences: especially English-style Chinese, such as "Xiaoli dropped her textbook" (the correct statement is "Xiaoli dropped her textbook").
(4) Incomplete conception and improper details: I wrote more than half at the beginning, and when I got to the central idea of the theme, I took two sentences, and the ending was even more hasty, making the mistake of not highlighting the theme.
(5) Insufficient observation and description: For example, there are no specific examples for the description of naughty younger brother.
Elementary school composition: It is easiest to write by looking at pictures.
Tip: Make sentences according to a single picture, then connect the sentences of a single picture together and add some coherent words, descriptions and adjectives to meet the basic requirements.
Middle school composition: Narrative is the easiest to master.
Tip: Never mind the number of words, describe and explain a person (such as my beloved) and a thing (such as my unforgettable thing) in one breath, as long as the words are fluent, you can pass; If you work hard on content and skills, you can get high marks.
The mistakes that students often make include not grasping the key points, insufficient vocabulary, insufficient subject matter, and poor association. You should practice more.