Guazhou, at the mouth of Jingkou, is separated by several mountains.
The spring breeze is green in Jiang Nanan. When will the bright moon shine on me?
Description of spring scenery: spring breeze and green Jiang Nanan
[ Edit this paragraph] Metric
○ Flat sound ● Flat sound ⊙ Flat rhyme
○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● △
[Edit this paragraph] Note.
2. Guazhou: A wharf opposite Zhenjiang, on the north bank of the Yangtze River, south of Yangzhou, opposite to Jingkou.
3. Jingkou: The name of the ancient city, on the south bank of the Yangtze River, is now Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province.
4. Zhongshan: Now the Purple Mountain in Nanjing. Wang Anshi lived here after he was removed from the post of prime minister for the first time.
5. Weight: how many?
6. green: originally an adjective, it is used as a verb here, which means "blowing green".
7. when: when.
[ Edit this paragraph] Interpretation
There is only a river between Jingkou and Guazhou, and there are only a few mountains between the wellhead and Nanjing.
Spring breeze has turned the south bank of the Yangtze River green again. When will the bright moon shine on me and return to my hometown?
[ Edit this paragraph] Appreciation
? The poem is titled "Boating in Guazhou" and points out the poet's foothold. The first sentence, "Jingkou Guazhou is a water room", describes the scenery in sight. The poet stood at Guazhou Ferry and looked south. He saw that Jingkou and Guazhou on the south shore were so close, separated by a river. From this, the poet thinks that Zhongshan, where his home is located, is only a few mountains away, and it is not far away. The second sentence "Zhongshan is only separated by several mountains" implies the mood of the poet anxious to return.
? The third sentence is a famous sentence through the ages, which depicts the scenery again, points out that the season is spring, and depicts the scenery on the south bank of the Yangtze River. The word "green" means blowing green, and it is used in a wonderful way. Legend has it that Wang Anshi changed the word more than ten times to make good use of it, and finally chose the word "green" from more than ten verbs such as "to", "to", "to" and "to". Because other words only express the arrival of spring breeze, but they do not show the changes of a new green landscape on the banks of a thousand miles of rivers after the arrival of spring. At the end of the sentence "When will the bright moon shine on me?", the poet has been looking forward to it for a long time, but he doesn't realize that at the beginning of the bright moon, the poet imagines a picture of "the bright moon shines on me" with interrogative sentences, further expressing the poet's feelings of missing his home.
[ edit this paragraph] comment
? This is a famous lyric poem, which expresses the poet's deep feelings of overlooking the south of the Yangtze River and missing his home. Literally, this poem shows nostalgia for my hometown, and I have a great desire to fly across the river to go home and reunite with my relatives. In fact, there is also a strong desire between the lines to return to the political arena and implement the New Deal.
? Through the description of the scenery in spring, this poem shows the poet's helplessness in coming out as an official and his desire to return to Jiangning urgently. The first two sentences describe the trip to the north. The poet went to Beijing, but he just looked back at Jiangning, showing his complex psychology of not wanting to go to work. ? When the poet looks back at the south of the Yangtze River, the land is green, which is of course green in the spring breeze, but isn't the lush rice seedlings the actual effect of the reform measures such as the Young Seedling Law? However, the officialdom is full of dangers. The poet looked at it according to the Guazhou Ferry and the bright moon in Zhongshan, and sighed, "When will the bright moon shine on me?" The poet wanted to leave the officialdom of right and wrong early, which reflected the author's hope to return to his hometown without interest disputes, which was very lingering. This poem is not only lyrical by scenery, but also full of emotion, open realm and fresh style. The most fascinating thing is the tempering of rhetoric.
[ Edit this paragraph] Voiceover
? According to Hong Mai's Rong Zhai Essay, the original manuscript of "Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan" says that "the first cloud has arrived in Jiang Nanan again", and the word "arrived" is circled, and it is noted that it is not good. Change it to' Guo', change it to' Jin' after going around, and change it to' Man'. If it is ten words, it will be designated as' green'. It has really reached the situation of "the language is not amazing and endless". In fact, the poet is not only refining words, but also refining ideas, which is in line with the situation of poetry.
this poem is a famous example of "the words are frequently changed, and the time is self-produced" ("Tong Meng Shi Xun").
[ Edit this paragraph] Author's brief introduction
Wang Anshi (121 ~ 186) was a politician, thinker, writer and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. The word Jiefu was born in Linchuan (now Jiangxi Province) in the Mid-Levels. Seal Jing Guogong, known as Wang Jinggong. Shi Wen, also known as Wang Wengong.
Life: Wang Anshi moved to Niigata, Luling, Xinfan, Shaozhou and other places with his father, Wang Yi, who was a local official since childhood, and his family settled in Jiangning in 137. In his early years, he was widely exposed to social poverty and people's suffering, and he had the feeling of "mourning for this" ("Feeling"). He "studies less" ("Song History? Biography of Wang Anshi), "As for the books of hundreds of philosophers, as for Difficult Classics, Plain Questions, Materia Medica, and novels, I read everything, and farmers and women workers ask everything" ("Answering Ceng Zi's Solid Books"). On 17th and 8th, 28, Ji and Qi claimed to be "just being humble, but not self-indulgent, and wanting to share happiness with Ji and Qi" ("Recalling Yesterday's Poems and Showing My Brothers"), which showed extraordinary interest. In the second year of Qingli (142), he became a scholar in Yang-List and signed a book for Huainan Judge. After learning about Yinxian County in the Qing Dynasty (147), they began to build water conservancy projects to lend money to the people and were loved by the people. In the first year of Jia □ (156), he was the judge of herding, and later he was the official of Changzhou Zhizhou, and he was appointed as a judge of Jiangdong Criminal Prison, a judge of the Third Division and a judge of Zhizhi Patent. When he was a judge in Duzhi, he was entrusted by his colleague Song Minqiu to compile Selected Poems of the Tang Dynasty on the basis of collecting poems of the Tang Dynasty at home. Shenzong acceded to the throne and was called a bachelor and lecturer of Hanlin. In the second year of Xining (169), he was appointed as a participant in political affairs, and worshipped the next year. With the support of Shenzong, we formulated and implemented new laws such as irrigation and water conservancy, young crops, equal loss, armor protection, exemption from service, easy market and horse protection, which enhanced our national strength. Because of the fierce attack by the anti-reform faction, Yu Xining went on strike in the seventh year (174), and returned to worship the phase the following year, and entered the Three Classics and New Meanings, where he became a scholar. In the ninth year of Xining (176), he resigned and retired to Jiangning to concentrate on academic research and poetry creation. In the first year of Yuan Dynasty (186), Sima Guang came to power and abolished the new law. Wang Anshi died of grief and anger. For Wang Anshi's deeds, see Biography of the History of the Song Dynasty, A Long Edition of the History of the Continuing Education as a Mirror, Chronicle of the Song Dynasty, Collection of Anecdotes of People in the Song Dynasty, and Banknotes of the Song Dynasty. Literary Advocacy and Creation Wang Anshi was an active participant in the poetic innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty initiated by Ouyang Xiu. As early as in the third year of Qingli (143), he criticized Yang Yi and Liu Yun, the representatives of Xikun School, for "their words and expressions have influenced the contemporary world, and scholars are fascinated by their original ideas", and criticized their writing style for "no preface to articles" (Preface to Poems of Zhang Punishment Department). Later, with the formation of the thought of political reform, his literary view obviously showed a utilitarian tendency. The core of his literary proposition is: "Articles are suitable for the world" ("Biography of Dong") and "Doing something to make up for the world" ("The Book of the Master"). However, it does not deny the role of rhetorical skills: "The beauty of form is not enough, and it is possible without first" (the same as before). His literary creation is the concrete practice of this proposition. Wang Anshi was one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. In his prose creation, the most outstanding achievement is the essay. It can be roughly divided into four categories: ① the recitation of political views directly to the emperor. For example, the Book of Emperor Renzong's Words criticized the corruption of the whole bureaucratic political system in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, put forward the idea of "putting the law before the king" and advocated "changing things to change things"; "Nothing happened in this dynasty for a hundred years" systematically expounds the gains and losses of political measures taken by Renzong during his 41 years in office, and exhorts Shenzong to get rid of "the disadvantages of following the customs at the end". This kind of article has the characteristics of tight organization, subtle analysis, bold and direct wording, measured tone, sincere and simple tone, and inspiring. In particular, the Book of Emperor Renzong's Words is full of words, full of thought and essence, and close to Liang Qichao thinks it is "the largest text after Qin and Han Dynasties", but Jia Yi's Chen Zheng Shi Shu is "slightly square" (Chapter 21 of Wang Jinggong). (2) is a realistic essay. For example, Yuan Guo and Shi Yi are short and pithy, and skillful in comparison; "Xing Xian" and "Appointment" are repeatedly demonstrated from both sides, which is very logical; "Min Xi" and "Knowing People" criticize the world for indulging in old habits and the monarch's inability to know the virtuous, with sharp brushstrokes and profound contributions. (3) is the theory of characters and historical criticism. Such as Zi Gong, Yun Shuo, Bo Yi, Reading Records of Jiangnan, Reading Biography of Meng Changjun, and Reading Biography of Liu Zongyuan, contrary to the traditional views, which were not published by predecessors, Chu Xin thought that he could "hope that the Historical Records would be praised and wonderful." Among them, "Reading the Biography of Meng Changjun" is less than 1 words, but it is a masterpiece in the short essay. (4) book order and letters and others. Such as Preface to Zhou Liyi and Preface to Poetry, etc., reflect his anti-traditional political attitude in his academic opinions, that is, Su Shi's so-called "trapping the legacy of six arts and breaking his own will" ("Wang Anshi gives a teacher"); Writing is "simple but capable" (Shen Deqian's "Eight Literal Banknotes in Tang and Song Dynasties" Volume 3), with emphasis on every word. Answering Sima's suggestion refutes Sima Guang's criticism of the new law with strict logic; Answer to Lu Jifu is a dear John book with the attitude of relieving regrets and grievances, putting personal grievances aside, showing an open mind. Narrative plays an important role in Wang Anshi's prose. Biographies, such as "The First Doctor", use simple language to describe his father, the king, the beneficial residence, the honest and upright officials. There is not much ink, but the impression is more vivid. "Shang Zhongyong" describes Zhong Yong's sad experience that he was finally reduced from a prodigy to an ordinary person because he didn't learn the day after tomorrow, and states the purpose of persuading him to learn. The theme is very typical. There are a large number of epitaphs, which usually summarize the life, official history and character of the tomb owner. The writing style is simple, wonderful and clean, and occasionally a few vivid stories are inserted, which is focused, cordial and touching. For example, the Epitaph of Giving Shang Shu Gong Shi Assistant Minister Kong Gong wrote that Daofu Kong was not good at ghosts and gods, and gave a few examples of killing monsters and snakes, which outlined the image of an atheist. Travel notes such as "A Journey to Baochan Mountain", "Write about yourself with the title, with deep feelings, and the poor workers are wonderful" (Volume 58 of "Wen Chun in the Imperial Selection of Tang and Song Dynasties" quoted in Li Guangdi). Generally speaking, Wang Anshi's narrative prose does not focus on writing landscapes and spreading stories, but prefers to borrow ideas and express ideas, so some works are not vivid enough. Lyrics are mostly eulogies. Written in four-character rhymes, such as "Sacrifice to Yuan Daowen" and "Sacrifice to Fan Yingzhou Zhongyan Wen", the words are simple, sincere and infectious; Written in miscellaneous rhymes, such as "Official Document in Tribute to Ouyang Wenzhong", it highly praised Ouyang Xiu's literary achievements and moral sentiments, with clear rhyme and quiet words and gratitude, which was the most outstanding among the eulogies written by various schools at that time. However, some eulogies made for others and purely entertaining are not exempt from customs. There are also lyrical articles in the preface, such as "A Classmate's Farewell", which expresses the meaning of mutual warning and comfort among friends, and sings deeply and tactfully. Wang Anshi learned from Mencius and Han Yu in his early years. Ouyang Xiu pointed out to him: "Although Meng and Korean are high, they don't have to be alike. Take their natural ears." (Ceng Gong's "The First Book with Wang Jiefu") Since then, Wen Si has been enlightened. He combines Han Fei's preciseness, Xunzi's richness and Yang Xiong's simplicity and antiquity, forming a unique style of precipitous carving, boldness, simplicity and naturalness. Wu Dexuan said: "Wang Jiefu is the one who has never been tired of accumulating books in ancient times" (Introduction to Ancient Chinese Literature in the Early Moon Building), pointing out the advantages of his ability to win the beauty of all. Today, Zhu Ziqing said: "Wang is a politician, and his actions are superior to others" ("Classics often talk? Article 13), points out the difference between his prose and Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi. Wang Anshi's poems are not only numerous, with more than 1,5 poems, but also distinctive and unique. Most of the poems written before retiring to Jiangning belong to political poems. He wrote his feelings of long-term observation and analysis of social reality and his ambition to help the world and standardize customs in his poems, mainly including Feeling, People in Hebei, Receiving Salt, Rewarding Uncle Zhan, Paying for his visit to tea in Jiangdong, Making a fuss, Merger, Saving Soldiers, Reading Imperial Letters, Second Rhyme and Fu Yong Xue. These works are closely related to real life, and their contents are relatively substantial; In art, there are generally some shortcomings, such as too much discussion, insufficient image and blunt language. For example, in the poem "Merger", Hong Mai thinks that "its words are never perfect" (Volume 3 of Rong Zhai Shi Hua). After he came to power, he launched the new law. When attacked by the anti-reformists, he wrote many poems, such as Many People, Give Also, Wang Zhang, Six Stories about Things, and Lonely Tong, to fight back, showing his unshakable will to launch the new law. Wang Anshi is a patriotic poet, and poems expressing patriotic feelings occupy a certain proportion in his political poems. Enter the fortress, send Zhao Xueshi to Shaanxi for punishment, Xi Shuai, Painting a Tiger in the Yinshan Mountain, and Ping Rong Qing Jie with thick rhyme and yuan are the representative works of this kind of poems. There are also quite a few poems about history and nostalgia. Such as Shang Yang, Zai□, Han Xin, Two Poems by Fan Zeng, Jia Sheng, etc., all have profound implications. Li Dongyang thought that "there is great pen power, so don't look at it with one eye" (Huailutang Poetry). The two songs of Ming Fei Qu, which have always been well-known, are made up of meticulous description and subtle discussion, and they have placed their own feelings on the sympathetic image of Wang Zhaojun. Huang Tingjian thinks that "they can compete with Li Hanlin and Wang Youcheng" (cited in Li Bi's Notes on Wang Jingwengong's Poems). Wang Anshi also wrote a large number of works about traveling, boarding, giving gifts and mourning for friends, among which, thoughts on traveling, climbing to the peak of flying, the wall of a palace in Xitai, parting with the old sun, seeing off Cheng Gong and guarding Hongzhou, sending Wang Fengyuan away, and thinking of Wang Fengyuan are all rare and excellent works. However, there are also many works that are polite and empty words that lay out allusions and idioms, and their artistic value is not high. In the 1 years since Wang Anshi retired to Jiangning, his thoughts were very contradictory. On the one hand, he continued to care about the new law and wrote poems praising its effectiveness. "Five Songs of Yuan Feng", "Yuan Feng Xing Showing Virtue" and "Hou Yuan Feng Xing" depict people's happy scenes after harvest. Although they are not without beauty, it can be seen that he still enthusiastically supports Shenzong in continuing to implement the new law. He expressed his ambition in twists and turns. In the last two sentences of the famous poem "Beipi Xinghua", "It is better to be blown into snow by the spring breeze than to be crushed into dust by the south stranger", and Chen Yan thought that "it is just his own identity" (Volume II of the Essence of Song Poetry). Others, such as Canchenopodium, Plum Blossom, Dushan Plum Blossom, Wangfu Stone and Owl, all show his positive attitude of not forgetting politics and refusing to be detached from things. On the other hand, Wang Anshi's situation became more and more difficult because the religious Sect became more and more wavering in carrying out the new law, and he had to use Buddhism to relieve his mental depression. Three Poems Showing Bao Jue, Showing No Master, Three Fables, and Twenty Poems Picked up in a Cold Mountain all show that he is getting farther and farther away from the world. In addition, he expressed his affection for mountains and rivers, cultivated his temperament, and wrote a lot of pastoral poems. Among them, Nanpu, Dyeing Clouds, Mr. Yin's Wall in Shuhu, Riverside, Beishan and Boating Guazhou are all recognized masterpieces in ancient and modern times. Wang Anshi has a large number of poems, some of which are natural. Under his advocacy, this special poetic style developed in the Song Dynasty. Therefore, Yan Yu said, "Jing Gong is the longest set of sentences." (Cang Lang Shi Hua)
Wang Anshi's poetic style is very different in his early and later periods. In the early stage, he mainly studied Du Fu's spirit of caring about politics and sympathizing with people's sufferings. The Portrait of Du Fu fully explained his dumping of Du Fu. Poetry in this period is rich in content and full of enthusiasm. In art, the modern style mostly imitates Du Fu's poetic method, while the ancient style obviously absorbs the characteristics of Han Yu's poems, which are vigorous, vigorous and straightforward. But such as "reading ink" a kind of poem, "the final article.