Artistic features:
The integration of emotion, scenery, things and reason; See the police in simplicity and the beauty in simplicity.
Tao Yuanming's Artistic Achievements in Poetry
Tao Yuanming's poetry has a unique style and high artistic attainments.
The striking impression of his poems is that they are plain and natural. This is inseparable from his poetry content and performance characteristics. The main contents of his poems are the simple rural scenery, the daily life in the countryside, and the quiet mind in this life; However, it is naturally expressed through simple language and sketching techniques, which makes people feel as if it is "naturally flowing out of the chest" without any trace of axe chisel.
(2) Although Tao Yuanming's poems are plain, they are not shallow. On the contrary, they only make people feel honest and tasteful. Although his poetic language is only a very common "family language", it is highly refined by art, and in this very pithy language, it is rich in images and has a deep foundation in real life, whether it is natural scenery or social life. For example, "Love the forest in front of the hall, and store the shade in the middle of summer", which is the living environment of the poet. Although the word "storage" is just an ordinary word, it is very vivid and fresh when used here. The quiet and cool shade trees in midsummer are like a pot of clear water that can be stored and taken away. Su Shi's saying that Tao poetry is "like truth" just illustrates this feature.
(3) Some of Tao Yuanming's poems are still full of artistic conception. This is the most prominent in his pastoral poems. For example, in the first song of "Returning to the Garden" quoted earlier, we not only saw several straw houses on elm trees, willow trees, peach trees and plum trees, but also a few wisps of kitchen smoke in the village, and we also heard the barking of dogs in deep alleys and the crowing of chickens on the trees. All this also constitutes a realm, which is static, quiet, simple and natural. The formation of this feature is closely related to the poet's creative method. The poet's purpose in writing pastoral poems is not to describe the pastoral life objectively, but to reconcile and express his interest in this life. Trapped here, he didn't take the image of rural life at will when he created, but took what could arouse his thoughts and feelings most from poetry. Ordinary life materials contain extraordinary artistic conception, which makes people feel kind and noble. Su Shi said: "If you read Peng Taoze's poems, you won't accept them at first;" Over and over again, I know its curiosity. " The so-called "curiosity" comes from the artistic conception. Because of his artistic conception, his poems are integrated. This also coincides with the "chaotic weather, difficult to extract sentences" in Han and Wei poetry.
(4) Tao Yuanming's poems have different styles because of their different contents. For example, most of his pastoral poems are scattered and hasty, while poems such as Ode to Jing Ke are bold and powerful. But although the latter is bold, it is "bold" (Zhu's words), which naturally has something in common with the plainness of his pastoral poems.
Tao Yuanming was a famous pastoral poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. His poems are famous for describing rural scenery and seclusion. Among the existing 120 pottery poems, works describing rural scenery and rural life account for a large proportion. Moreover, because he personally participated in labor, was close to farmers, and had a profound experience of rural life, such works were most popular because of their true content, deep feelings and clear images, showing simple natural beauty and the poet's noble sentiment of not being willing to accept the dark reality. "There are more than ten acres of square houses and eight or nine huts. Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital. A warm and distant village, the smog in the Yi market. In the deep alley where dogs bark, chickens call mulberry trees jump. " This poem expresses the author's happy mood of returning to rural life after being exempted from pengze county's order, and it is the poet's ode to the quiet countryside. There is a simple natural beauty in this picturesque rural house painting. "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely." This is a portrayal of the poet's carefree life in the embrace of nature, and it is also the singing of Tao Ran's seclusion. "Chrysanthemum" is a symbol of nobility, and "picking chrysanthemums" shows the noble character of the poet. "Nanshan" is "Lushan" Wang Guowei's evaluation in "The Thorn on Earth" is: there is no self, and I don't know what I am and what I am. Subjectivity and objectivity are integrated. Through a series of images, the poet hinted at the author's ideal of returning to nature and conforming to nature, which made his pastoral poems appear diluted and peaceful. In this kind of works describing villagers' life, some are about labor experience and hard life. "In the morning, I will deal with garbage and dirt and take the shower head home. The road is narrow and the grass is long, and the evening dew is stained with clothes. " It is about the hard work of going out early and returning late, the joy after work, and the praise of work and life.
Tao Yuanming's great contribution in the history of poetry development is to create a new field of literati poetry creation-pastoral poetry. The poet described the pastoral scenery affectionately and naturally, and truly described his life of hard struggle, but showed a calm and optimistic attitude towards the hardships of labor, and his ambition of hard struggle remained unchanged. Although ordinary metaphysical poets pay attention to understanding philosophy from examining nature, which has produced the bud of landscape poetry, no one has turned their eyes to ordinary villages. It is only in Tao Yuanming's works that rural life and rural scenery are regarded as important aesthetic objects for the first time, thus opening up a unique world for future generations. He regards agricultural labor as a natural way of life and praises the beautiful interest contained in working life, which is also a profound discovery. Another great contribution of Tao Yuanming in the history of poetry development is to create a new aesthetic field and a new artistic realm, and to create a diluted beauty with strong feelings. The peaceful and indifferent realm of life is naturally revealed in poetry. The poem that best represents the author's diluted beauty is the fifth poem in Drinking, "Building a house is human, but there are no horses and chariots." Asking yourself what you can do is far from self-biased. "The predecessors have long commented on the artistic features of Tao poetry, calling it simple and natural. But this is not a folk song, nor is it a style influenced by folk songs, but a conscious aesthetic pursuit of the poet. Fundamentally speaking, this is also determined by Tao Yuanming's "natural" philosophy. In his view, man-made complex etiquette destroys the naturalness of society, and pretentious behavior destroys the naturalness of human nature. Then, excessive pursuit of external poetic form will inevitably destroy the naturalness of feelings. Therefore, he seldom uses language with bright colors, exaggerated intonation, abstruse vocabulary and uncommon allusions. Antithesis is often used in his poems, but most of them are primitive and not so delicate that they are not obvious. His poems are full of emotion, but they are rarely really strong and appear surging, but combined with calm philosophical thinking, they present a clear and distant artistic conception. The charm of the realm of his poems is the natural expression of the realm of life, which is peaceful and indifferent, striving for the world without seeking, lacking in heart and losing in sex. It is a new kind of artistic beauty. This aesthetic realm is unprecedented, and there is no one after it. Moreover, the simplicity of Shi Tao's words is not arbitrary and unprocessed, but highly refined. It takes away all miscellaneous and sticky things to present a clear simplicity. Shi Tao's writing is unpretentious and his language is pure and beautiful. There is no doubt that he has a keen sense of the beauty of nature, so he can reconstruct it into a poetic image in accurate and simple language.
In a word, Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems are a true reflection of the poet's rural life. However, this is the rural life seen through the prism of the poet's thought and the externalization of the poet's artistic soul. At the same time, Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems are rich in artistic conception, and the selected scenery is distinctive, full of poet's feelings, reflecting the poet's personality characteristics. His poetry has a unique artistic style and high attainments. Through simple language and simple description, he reproduces rural life, and embodies a plain, natural, true, vivid, profound and reasonable artistic style.