Mountains and rivers reflect Xie Lingyun's inner world. In his poems, he turned the river upside down. After the arrival of Xie Lingyun, landscape became the best carrier of China poets' lyrical freehand brushwork, and also the best place for them to express their feelings.
Wenzhou Oujiang (also known as Yongjiajiang) has an isolated island, which the locals call Jiang Xinyu. This used to be the place where Xie Lingyun, the originator of landscape poetry, often indulged and wandered. It is such an island in the torrent that witnessed how a poet who left his poems in the depths of history more than 500 years ago indulged his soul in mountains and rivers and on earth, but the island was not heavy, but it was hard to find him after he left.
Poetry undoubtedly implies the most secret and intense secret in the struggle between poets and the world. Therefore, the grandeur and obscurity of poetry semantics are all manifestations of the poet's fate.
What determines a person's life direction?
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Du Fu once wrote in "Send Pei as Wei Yongjia": Where is the Gudao Pavilion? In the water of the world. The official of the old man is here. Fight hard with who? Hidden officials meet Mei Fu, and look at the mountains to thank the public. I have a boat and I will wait for the autumn wind. ? In poetry? Old friends? With what? Xie Gong? , all refer to Xie Lingyun; ? The word despair is Du Fu's portrayal of Xie Lingyun's legendary fate. Du Fu's poems are gloomy and heavy, and he is good at using allusions, which is consistent with the overall style of his poems, I think? The word despair was written by Xie Lingyun in Du Fu's famous poem "An Island in the River". Turbulence tends to positive? In a word. Xie lingyun? The turbulence is getting worse, and the island is charming. These two poems push the landscape of the poem to a peak, and at the same time tell the poet's own situation and mood. Of course, they also pushed the whole poem to a wonderful realm, paving the way for China's landscape poems, and finally making this poem a symbol of the rise of China's landscape poems.
And Du Fu will regard the fate of Xie Lingyun as? The symbol and generalization of the word "Shi Sheng" in despair is the embodiment of the poet's unique vision and profound understanding of history and the world.
The despair of life, in addition to the sinister environment, may really be the despair of people themselves. This is also the great significance of Buddhist psychology. Unfortunately, Xie Lingyun arrived in a wonderful place, extremely smart, not ignorant, but unwilling to understand. His works such as Inscription of Buddha Shadow and Ode to Vimalakīrti had great influence at that time, especially his support for Zhu Daosheng? Epiphany? The article "On Differentiating Zong" has a great influence on the formation of Zen doctrine in later generations. He studied Buddhism, but failed to achieve physical and mental detachment, which may be the biggest secret in Xie Lingyun's heart.
In the past, many people thought that Xie Lingyun's fate was related to the alternation of Jin and Song Dynasties at that time, and this judgment was inevitably lost in simplicity. In my opinion, Xie Lingyun's short life is related to his personality. He pushed himself into the corner step by step, and he acted spontaneously, which eventually led to the tragedy of his life.
According to Song Shu? Biography 27? Xie Lingyun, who is Xie Lingyun? Battle of Surabaya? The grandson of Xie Xuan, a famous soldier, was born in a noble family and inherited at the end of Jin Dynasty? Gong? Title (at the age of eighteen), Three thousand households in the food city? . He has been smart and studious since he was a teenager. Read widely, the beauty of the article, Jiang Zuo can't catch it? . Because of his distinguished background and position, as well as his talent and profound knowledge, his arrogance and arrogance became the style that accompanied him all his life. When he was a high official in Song State, he was removed from his post because he killed his protege (servant around him) without authorization. What will happen to him in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Song Gaozu era? Qi Huangong has been reduced to Hou, and there are 500 food cities? I'm afraid it has something to do with his previous killing without authorization. So the Book of Songs says:? Spiritual luck is more extreme and more polite. The court only treats it literally, not what should be true. Self-proclaimed talents should be able to participate in power, and they often get angry when they don't know. ? With his unrestrained violent style, his inner indignation will naturally show.
In the history of China, there are many examples of literati worrying about the country and the people. Mr. Lu Xun once described Qu Yuan in From Help to Bullshit: Qu Yuan was the ancestor of Chu Ci, and his Li Sao was just a helpless grievance. ? Lu Xun was a bit mean, but he also hit the nail on the head. Xie Lingyun's arrogance is unique among the literati in the history of China. As Du Fu sang:? People who are wild and unruly with him despair, even with contemporary literati. The song dynasty anonymous "interpretation of Chang Tan? Eight fights' talents include:? Xie lingyun said:? There is only one stone in the world, and Cao Zijian monopolizes eight fights. I want to fight, the fight that the world is divided into one. This is obviously from the ancients Cao Zijian to despise his contemporaries. He thinks that all of them can only be equal to themselves. Although at that time, no one had been found to be comparable to Xie Lingyun's literary talent.
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Xie Lingyun's relegation is a great misfortune in his life, a necessity caused by his personality and a great blessing in his poetry creation.
To be exact, Xie Lingyun arrived in Wenzhou, and his landscape poetry creation reached its peak at once. The iconic poem is to climb the pool upstairs, swim the South Pavilion, cross the Baian Pavilion, and climb the river island. Among them, the isolated island in the middle of the river is the best among these poems: Journey to the South of the Yangtze River and Open World in the North of the Yangtze River. Huaixin Road turned around and looked for another kind of scenery without hesitation. Turbulence is becoming more and more inevitable, and the island is charming. Clouds and the sun set each other off, and the water was clear. There is no reward for expressing spirituality, and whoever is true is biography. Similar to the posture of Kunshan, the middle edge of Myanmar. When you begin to believe in the safety period, you will have to stay healthy for many years. ? About this poem, the annotations of past dynasties are very confusing, so we should explain it. Its righteousness is: I have been tired of traveling all over Jiangnan and haven't been to Jiangbei for a long time. (So take a boat to the north) How long the road to find new attractions suddenly becomes and how short the time is. Suddenly, the river will be cut off in the fast-flowing water, and the island will (have to) live in the stream. White clouds and sunshine complement each other, and the sky and rivers are clear and bright. These magical things can't be appreciated by themselves, and who can convey the essence contained in them? The island in the middle of the river looks like Kunlun Mountain, and everything in the world is so deep and ethereal. I began to believe that the immortal An Qisheng's immortality could support him for the rest of his life.
At the turn of Jin and Song Dynasties, Xie Lingyun was always in danger of collapse. He is like an island in the middle of a big river. In the torrent of the times, this is a portrayal of the situation that Xie Lingyun is facing. Xie Lingyun is aware of this danger. He did not think of detachment or seclusion. He didn't really hide in the mountains and rivers like Tao Yuanming, but fought against rivers and streams. Nature became the object of his emotions. When he became a real poet on this land of the earth, he was like a madman. He is so crazy that he is arrogant or indifferent to everything. He seems to be writing poetry with his life.
After the first anniversary of Yongjia Taishou's appointment, Xie Lingyun resigned and returned to the East, indulging in benefiting the mountains and rivers. During this period, he often led hundreds of students to dig mountains and lakes, find mountains and mountains, and invented hiking shoes (clogs). Pull out its front teeth up the hill and pull out its back teeth down the hill? Live a life of idleness. Will take the satrap? Do you care about Buddha? He was worried that Xie Lingyun would destroy the creatures in the mountains and rivers. He once dissuaded Xie Lingyun, who mocked the satrap and said, "You should be wise when you get the Tao, and your husband should become a Buddha before and after it.". ? The implication is that without wisdom, there is no Tao. You died before me, but became a Buddha after me. This naturally planted the seeds of hatred. During the period, I also worked as a secretary supervisor, but I still admit that I can't afford to get sick, and I am so sloppy. So, he quit his job of writing History of Jin and asked for leave to go home and continue his absurd life day and night. According to Southern History? In Xie Lingyun, he and his friends were drinking at the Qianqiu Stadium in Huiji. They took off their clothes and shouted. The question is the messenger of Huiji. Xie Lingyun thundered: What does arrogance matter? This means that my body wants to make a hullabaloo about. What does this have to do with you, fool? Xie Lingyun did not change his wildness after returning to China, and was finally beheaded. So "Southern History" says:? Lingyun became famous, and Jiang Zuo was the only one; And rampant, since the demise. ? His madness needs him to compensate with his own life.
Du Fu highly summarized Xie Lingyun's life and fate in Farewell to Pei as Wei Yongjia. Later, when I was desperate, I borrowed the story that the belle of the Eastern Han Dynasty hid in troubled times and could live forever and eventually become an immortal to show the realm of life I really yearned for. I have a boat and I will wait for the autumn wind. ? This self-mature, self-serious, immersed in the world, accustomed to observing the situation of life, and able to maintain a calm and self-sufficient mentality in nature is exactly what Xie Lingyun lacks, and may also be disdained by Xie Lingyun. However, it is this state that makes him a masterpiece and an immortal poet.
Before Xie Lingyun, landscape was only an ornament or background in China's poetry, but in Xie Lingyun's view, landscape was not only the object of expression of poetry, but also the symbolic noumenon of poetry. Mountains and rivers, like Xie Lingyun's inner world, turn the tide in his poems. Since then, landscape has become the best carrier of China poets' lyrical freehand brushwork, and also the best place to place their emotions. Only after Xie Lingyun did China seem to have no such crazy poet. The isolated island of poetry in the river seems to be a warning, so the scenery in the poem returns to calm and bleak, and it is no longer as ups and downs as Xie Lingyun's poems.