1. "Four Books" refers to four Confucian classics, namely The Analects of Confucius, Daxue, The Doctrine of the Mean and Mencius.
The Five Classics are five Confucian classics, namely The Book of Songs, The Book of Songs, The Book of Rites (Zhou Li, Yi Li and Li Ji), The Book of Changes and The Spring and Autumn Period.
2 The Book of Songs
The Book of Songs is China's first collection of poems. It contains works of about 500 years from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period. *** 305 articles. Confucianism regards it as a classic, which is called The Book of Songs. In the Han Dynasty, The Book of Songs was generally called The Book of Songs or it was divided into three parts: style, elegance and praise. Wind is also called "national wind" * *160 articles, mostly folk songs all over the country. This is the essence of The Book of Songs, such as Vatan and Storytelling. "Ya" is divided into "Ya" and "Xiaoya", 105. Most of them are works of royal literati in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and there are also a few folk songs. Most of them describe the history of Zhou nobles and praise them. Ode is divided into 40 songs: Zhou Song, Truffle and Shang Ode, which are mostly music and dance used by aristocratic rulers for sacrifice. The Book of Songs is the source of China's fine tradition of poetic realism, and its ideological content and artistic achievements have had a far-reaching impact on the development of China literature, especially poetry. The form of poetry is mainly four words, mostly rhyming with alternate sentences, and the techniques of "Fu", "Bi" and "Xing" are widely used, which has the characteristics of chapters and sentences.
3 Zuo Zhuan
Zuo Zhuan is China's first chronological history book with detailed and complete narration. Originally known as Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, also known as Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, it is said that it was written by Lu historian Zuo Qiuming. This chronicle began in the year of Lu Yin and ended in the twenty-seventh year of Lu Aigong (468 BC), and recorded the history of more than 250 years in the Spring and Autumn Period. Zuo Zhuan has high literary value and great influence on later generations.
4 Guoyu and Guoyu are the earliest national history books in China, 2 1 year ago. The obvious difference between Guoyu and Zuozhuan is that Guoyu is written in different countries, and wins by memorizing words; Zuo Zhuan is written in chronological order, which is longer than remembering things.
5. Song of the South
Chu Ci is China's first collection of romantic poems. Because the form of poetry is formed on the basis of Chu folk songs, and a large number of local products and dialect vocabulary of Chu are quoted in this paper, it is called "Chu Ci".
The Songs of the South are mainly the works of Qu Yuan, and the representative work is Li Sao, so later generations also call the Songs of the South "Sao Style". At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang collected the works of Qu Yuan, Song Yu and others and compiled them into an anthology. Chuci is the source of China's positive romantic poetry creation.
6 "Lv Chunqiu"
Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, also known as Lu Lan, is the representative work of pre-Qin sages compiled by Qin people at the end of the Warring States Period. The book * * * has 26 volumes, and the teaching materials are selected for searching gold.
The Classic of Mountains and Seas is a masterpiece of ancient geography in China. The content is mainly the geographical knowledge in ancient folk customs, including mountains and rivers, products, medicine, sacrifices, witch doctors and so on. It is of reference value to the study of ancient history, geography, culture, nationalities and myths.
Among them, a large number of ancient myths and legends are preserved, such as the famous fables of "The Yellow Emperor fought against Chiyou", "Yu fought against the water", "Jing Wei captured the sea" and "Kuafu chased the sun", which are precious materials for later writers.
8. Warring States policy
The Warring States Policy is a national history book compiled by Liu Xiang at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, with 33 chapters. From the 16th year of Zhou Pingzhen (453 BC) to the first year of Qin Ershi (209 BC), the historical facts of politics, military affairs and diplomacy of various countries during the Warring States Period were sorted out, with the emphasis on the strategists' strategies and remarks.
The Warring States Policy is very successful in language application, and its unique language style is composed of eloquent argumentation, extravagant narration, sharp satire and intriguing humor. It marks the ancient history of China.
Prose has developed to a new height, which has a great influence on the creation of prose and ci fu in later generations.
9. A New Ode to Yutai
The collection of Yutai New Poems edited by Chen in the Southern Dynasties, with volume 10, was written in Liang, which is another influential collection of ancient poems after The Book of Songs and Songs of the South. Representative works include Peacock Flying Southeast (original title: Ancient Poems by Jiao Zhongqing's Wife).
10. Yuefu Poetry
Guo Song Mao Qian's Collection of Yuefu Poems. Collect Yuefu songs from Han, Wei, Tang and Five Dynasties, and ballads from pre-Qin to the end of Tang Dynasty. Including folk songs and literati works, as well as the original words and imitations of future generations. Yuefu was originally established by the government at that time.
Organ, specializing in musical movements, collecting and sorting out folk songs from all over the country. These movements and songs were later called "Yuefu Poems".
It has become a new poetic style after The Book of Songs and Songs of the South.
1 1. Twenty-four histories refer to 24 historical books from Historical Records to Ming History. Among them, middle school textbooks involve: Historical Records (Sima Qian in Han Dynasty); Hanshu (Ban Gu in the Eastern Han Dynasty); The Book of the Later Han Dynasty (Ye Fan in Southern Dynasties and Song Dynasty); The reflection, (Jin); New Tang Book (Song Ouyang Xiu);
History of the New Five Dynasties (Song Ouyang Xiu); Ming history (Zhang et al. in Qing Dynasty). ).
12. The four histories refer to the first four of the twenty-four histories, namely, Historical Records, Hanshu, Houhanshu and the History of the Three Kingdoms.
Sikuquanshu is a large-scale comprehensive series of ancient books compiled by officials in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. * * * Collected 346 1 species and 79,309 volumes of important ancient books before Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, and subpackaged them into more than 36,000 volumes, which were classified by classics (books listed as classics and annotated classics by Confucianism), history (books describing historical facts, geographical territory, official positions, etc.), Zi (hundred schools of thought's works since the Warring States Period, as well as workers, peasants and soldiers, medicine, etc. (Poems by Writers of Past Dynasties)
The works of modern and contemporary writers in China, from 19 19 May 4th Movement to 1949 New China was founded. The literature of this period is called China Modern Literature. Literature from the founding of New China to today is called contemporary literature in China.
Lu Xun, formerly known as Zhou Shuren, was a great writer, thinker and revolutionary in modern China, the founder of modern literature in China and the leader of the New Culture Movement. His main works are as follows.
(1) Prose Collection: Flowers in the Morning and Flowers in the Evening (1928, formerly known as "Coming Back to Life").
(2) Prose Poetry Collection: Weeds (1927).
(3) Poetry: self-titled portrait, given to the painter, untitled, untitled (used to spend the spring in the long night).
(4) Essay 16. (1) hot air; 2 "grave"; 3 "Gai Hua Ji"; (4) Continuation of Gai Hua set (1926); ⑤ Just decided ⑤ Two sets of street pavilion essays, etc.
(5) The works in Lu Xun's short stories are
Screaming: Diary of a Madman, Kong Yiji, Medicine, Tomorrow, A Little Thing, The Story of Hair, The Storm, Hometown, The True Story of Ah Q, Dragon Boat Festival, White Light, Rabbit and Cat, Duck's Comedy, etc. Wandering: blessing, happy family, soap, ever-burning lamps, showing the public, being alone in Old Master Q, mourning the past, brothers and divorce.
② New stories: preface, mending the sky, flying to the moon, controlling water, picking flowers, casting swords, going through customs, not attacking, coming back to life and nostalgia.
(6) Academic works include: On Moroli's Poems, Cultural Deviation, Legends of Tang and Song Dynasties, A Brief History of Chinese Novels, and Outline of the History of China Literature.
Guo Moruo, formerly known as Guo Kaizhen, was born in Leshan, Sichuan. He is a modern writer, poet, historian and founder of new poetry in China. The representative of poetry is Goddess, and the representative of drama is Qu Yuan, a historical drama.
Mao Dun, formerly known as Shen Dehong, is a native of Tongxiang, Zhejiang, and a modern writer in China. It means midnight. In addition, there are three novels: Eclipse trilogy (Disillusionment, Shake and Pursuit), Erosion trilogy (Spring Silkworm, Autumn Harvest, Dong Can) and Linjiabao. Famous essays include Praise of Poplar and Talk about Landscape.
Ye Shengtao, formerly known as Ye, is a famous modern writer and educator in China. The short story "Fighting with the Night" represented by Ni Huanzhi and others.
Zhu Ziqing, a native of Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, is a famous modern essayist, scholar and patriotic and democratic fighter.
Prose mainly includes Spring, Haste, Back, Green, Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, Venice and so on.
Lao She, formerly known as Shu Qingchun, Manchu, a famous modern novelist and a master of language art, is known as "a model worker in the literary ranks". Represented by Xiangzi camel. In addition, there are novels Four Generations under One Family, Lao Zhang's Philosophy, Drama Teahouse and Longxugou.
Bing Xin, formerly known as Xie Wanying, is a modern female writer and a famous children's writer from Fuzhou, Fujian. Her novels include When You Are Lonely, Helpless and Poor, essays include Little Orange Lantern, Ode to Cherry Blossoms, Dedicated to a Young Reader, and poems include Stars and Springs.
Xia Yan, formerly known as Shen Duanxian, is a modern playwright in China. There are reportage "bonded labourers", plays "Sai Jinhua", "Fascist Fungi" and "Under the Roof of Shanghai".
Wen Yiduo, a native of Xishui, Hubei Province, is a famous modern poet and scholar, and his masterpiece is Dead Water.
Ba Jin, formerly known as Li Yigan, is a famous modern writer from Chengdu, Sichuan. Stands for "home". The main works are torrent trilogy "Home", "Spring" and "Autumn"; Love trilogy "Fog", "Rain" and "Electricity"; Anti-Japanese War Trilogy Fire, Resting Garden and Cold Night. There are also essays such as Lamp, Sunrise, Miscellaneous Notes at Sea, Dragon Tiger Dog and Random Thoughts.
Cao Yu, formerly known as Wan Jiabao, is a famous playwright in modern times. Representative works include Thunderstorm, and other representative works include Sunrise, Beijingers, vilen and Wang Zhaojun.
Sha Ting, a native of Anxian County, Sichuan Province, is a modern novelist. His representative works include Teahouse, The Return of the Native, The Gold Rush, The Trapped Beast and so on.
The masterpiece The Sun Shines on the Sanggan River by Ding Ling, a famous modern woman writer, won the second prize of Stalin Literature.
The Tempest, the masterpiece of Zhou Libo, a famous modern writer, won the third prize of Stalin literature. In addition, there are masterpieces "Great Changes in Mountain Villages" and "Hot Metal Running".
Cang Kejia, a modern poet, is represented by Brandt, the black hand of evil and others. Another masterpiece, the dawn notice.
Zhao Shuli is a famous modern novelist. His representative works include Li Youcai's Half China, The Marriage of the Little Heir, Three Mile Bay and The Changes of Li Jiazhuang.
Sun Li, formerly known as Sun Shuxun, is a famous modern writer, represented by Lotus Lake. His other famous works include The Story of the Storm and Chronicle of Baiyangdian.
The five martyrs of the left-wing alliance were Yin Fu (Bai Mang, formerly known as Xu Zuhua, who wrote A Farewell to Brothers), Rou Shi (formerly known as Zhao Pingfu, who wrote February and the Mother of Slaves), Li Weisen, Hu Yepin and Feng Keng.
Wu Boxiao, formerly known as Wu Xicheng, is a famous modern essayist, and his masterpiece is Polaris. His works include Garden Notes, Morning, Remember to Spin the Wheel, Orion and Old Fountain.
Yang Shuo, a famous contemporary essayist, has representative works such as Camellia Fu, Red Leaves in Xiangshan, Haicheng and Litchi Honey, and his novels such as Three Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains.
Wei Wei, a famous contemporary writer, is the representative of the novel The Orient.
He Jingzhi, a contemporary poet, and his White-haired Girl, co-authored with Yi Ding, won the Stalin Prize for Literature. Represented by the long poem Song of Lei Feng.
Qin Mu, formerly known as Lin Juefu, is a famous contemporary writer. His representative works include the prose Land, Flower City and Lyrics on the Village Altar.
Formerly known as Sun, he is a famous contemporary writer. Representative works include Riverside at Dawn, including Tsunami and party member Registration Form.
Bi Ye, formerly known as Huang Chaoyang, is a modern essayist. His representative works include Sunshine Shines on Tianshan Mountain, and his prose includes Scenery of Tianshan Mountain.
Modern writer Zhang Tianyi. Represented by the satirical short story Mr. Warwick. The novel Diary of a Ghost Earth, the short story From Emptiness to Enrichment, and children's literature works include Dalin and Kobayashi, The Secret of Treasure Gourd, Wolf, etc.
Shen Congwen, a modern writer, once participated in the "Crescent Society". Representative works include the novella Border Town, Shen Congwen's collection of short stories, Xiangxi Essays and so on.
The masterpiece of Qian Zhongshu, a famous modern writer and scholar, is Fortress Besieged.
Ru Zhijuan, a modern female writer, has representative stories such as Lily, Quiet Maternity Hospital and Miscellaneous Story, among which Miscellaneous Story won the National Excellent Short Story Creation Award 1979.
Lee Joon, a modern writer, is famous for his short stories "Can't Go That Way" and "A Biography of Li Shuangshuang". The screenplays adapted by him include Garland under the Mountain, Shepherd, New Biography of Veterans and so on. Among them, the veteran biography was made into a movie and obtained 1959.
Silver Award at Moscow International Film Festival. His novels include The Yellow River Flows East.
Zong Pu, a contemporary female writer. Formerly known as Feng Zhongpu. 1978 The Dream on the String won the National Excellent Short Story Award.
Contemporary writer Wang Meng. His first novel is Long Live Youth. His short stories "A Grass Growing in the Organization Department" and "sound of spring" won the National Excellent Short Story Awards of 1978, 1979 and 1980 respectively. The novella Butterfly won the national excellent novella award.
Contemporary writer Jiang Zilong. His famous work is A Day of the Director of Electrical and Mechanical Services. The short story "Appointment of Director Joe" won the first prize of 1979 National Excellent Short Story, and "Pioneer" won the National Excellent Novel Award.
Liu, a contemporary writer. The short story The Head Teacher won the first prize of 1978 National Excellent Short Story, and the novel The Bell and Drum Tower won the second Mao Dun Literature Award.
Contemporary female writer Zhang Jie. His first novel "Children from the Forest" and his later novel "Who lives better" won 1978 and 1979 respectively.
National Excellent Short Story Award. The novel Heavy Wings won the second Mao Dun Literature Prize.
Contemporary writer Gao Xiaosheng. The representative works Building a House in Li Shun and Chen Huansheng Entering the City won the National Excellent Short Story Awards of 1979 and 1980 respectively. Other writers and works:
Yang Mo's Song of Youth, Defending Yan 'an, Wu Qiang's Red Sun, Qu Bo's Lin Yuan, Liang Bin's Red Flag Spectrum, Red Rock, Entrepreneurship History, Yao's Li Zicheng, Mo.
Such as Ode to the General, Li Guowen's Spring in Winter, Zhou Keqin's Xu Mao and His Daughters, Su Shuyang's Pu, Seven Matches and Party dues, etc.
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