Alexander Pushkin, a great Russian poet in the 19th century, the main representative of Russian romantic literature and the founder of Russian critical realism.
Pushkin was born into an aristocratic family in Moscow. His father was keen on literature and had a lot of research on French drama. Pushkin was raised by a wet nurse who was born a serf. From the wet nurse, he learned a wealth of Russian people's language and was influenced by folk oral literature. Pushkin loved reading since he was a child. His father's rich collection of books provided him with a world of knowledge. His uncle Vasily Pushkin was also a famous poet, and he gave Pushkin his earliest education in poetry. Growing up in such an environment, Pushkin received a good education.
In 1811, Pushkin entered a noble school in Petersburg. Here, he was influenced by French Enlightenment thought and made a group of like-minded friends.
The anti-Napoleonic War in 1812 inspired Pushkin's patriotic enthusiasm and national consciousness, and he began to explore the path of being a free poet.
After graduating from school, Pushkin was enthusiastic about politics and created many political lyric poems full of revolutionary passion. His group of friends at school had already embarked on the revolutionary road and were called "Decemberists". They had a lot of influence on Pushkin.
Pushkin’s revolutionary poems finally offended the tsarist authorities. In 1820, the Tsar exiled Pushkin to southern Russia. There, he had more frequent contacts with the Decembrists, his creative passion became more intense, and his creative scope further expanded, which created the heyday of his romantic poetry creation. Works from this period include "Captives of the Caucasus", "The Robber Brothers", "Gypsy", "The Sun Sinks" and so on.
These poems violently criticized the Tsarist autocratic rule and expressed the poet's political thoughts of yearning for freedom. In the later period, Pushkin began to transition to realism.
In 1824, Pushkin was escorted back to his hometown, his parents' territory, and was monitored by the police and the church. Fearing that he would be implicated, his father left his hometown with his family. Pushkin lived a lonely and lonely confinement life for two years. This situation brought him into closer contact with farmers and promoted the formation of his realistic creations. Here he created the tragedy "Boris Godunov", which revealed the profound theme of "the will of the people cannot be insulted".
In 1826, in order to win over people's hearts, the Tsar announced the end of Pushkin's exile and recalled him to Moscow. At this time, Pushkin was already a world-famous poet. He received a warm welcome from the crowd in Moscow. Pushkin was not deceived by the Tsar's small favors. He successively wrote "Arion" and "Prisoners of Siberia", which expressed high respect for the Decembrists who were suppressed by the Tsar and were widely popular among the exiled Decembrists. Recited. As a result, the tsar's imperial literati shamelessly slandered and attacked Pushkin. Under the predicament, he fought back and rebuked the opponent through fighting poems such as "The Ignorant" and "The Poet".
In 1830, Pushkin was detained for three months in the village of Bolkino, his father's territory, due to the plague. During this period, he created a large number of outstanding works, which is called the "Golden Autumn of Bolkinno" in literary history. He created many works such as the full-length poetic novel "Eugene Onegin", the narrative poem "The Cabin in Kolomna" and "The Collected Novels of Belkin". Among them, "Eugene Onegin" is his masterpiece and the foundation of Russian realist literature in the 19th century.
In 1831, Pushkin married Nina Goncharova. After his marriage, he entered a period of vigorous creation. His works from this period to the time of his death include "Dubrovsky", "The Bronze Horseman", "The Story of the Fisherman and the Goldfish", "The Queen of Spades", "Pugaccio" Husband's History", "The Captain's Daughter", etc.
Pushkin gave selfless assistance to young writers. Gogol's "The Imperial Envoy" and "Dead Souls" were inspired by Pushkin.
In 1837, Pushkin had a duel with Dantus, who insulted and attacked him. Unexpectedly, Dantus fired in advance, hitting Pushkin in the abdomen. Pushkin died on February 10 at the age of 38. Tens of thousands of people came to his home to express condolences and lament that "the sun of Russian poetry has fallen."
Pushkin's artistic achievements had a huge impact on the development of Russian literature and language, and he is known as "the founder of modern Russian literature and the creator of Russian literary language." His name will be immortal in the history of Russian culture and the history of the Russian liberation movement.