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I lamented the scene of playing in the garden in the past. The flowers and birds in this spring triggered my sadness in the frontier.
I pity those people who came out of Beijing alone and fled to the south. I really envy the water in Xiangjiang River, but you flow to the north!
works appreciation
The first sentence of the poem, "I'm sorry that my past trip in the garden was later in the day", is to recall my past spring outing because of the spring scenery in front of me. At that time, spring was late, and the gardens were embroidered with beautiful scenery, which should be refreshing. However, here, the word "sadness" is used when tracing the "journey of the past". This kind of sorrow is today's sorrow, and it is a joy that dates back to the past from today's sorrow; On the other hand, it can be said that it is because of the thought of the amusement at that time that the present situation is even more tragic. Wu Qiao said in "Poems Around the Furnace": "Emotions can be moved from one place to another, and places can also feel the same." This poem is to move the past with the present mood and inject the sad mood into the happy scene of the past.
The second sentence of this poem, "Flowers and birds are worried about this spring", is written from the memory of the past travel of this spring. On the whole, birds and flowers are a happy scene; However, these scenes remind the poet that he is on his way to exile in the frontier. Birds singing and flowers smelling only constitute the sadness of the poet's going to the frontier. This poem is based on the feelings in my heart to move the scene in front of me. Poets write landscapes because of emotions, so landscapes move with emotions. As far as artistic techniques are concerned, the contrast between Flowers and Birds and Bian Sorrow is to set off Bian Sorrow from the opposite side. Similar to Du Fu's poems, there is also a couplet in Du Fu's "Spring Hope", which says "Where you cry, the lonely bird sings sadly". Sima Guang's "Continued Poem" comments on this couplet: "Flowers and birds can be entertained at ordinary times, but they will cry when they see them, and they will know when they smell them." Here, the feelings of "feeling of time" and "hating farewell" with flowers and birds as entertainment objects are also written by contrast. Du Shenyan is Du Fu's grandfather and has a direct influence on Du Fu. The connection between "tears in flowers" and "birds are surprised" may come from the sentence "flowers and birds are worried about the situation"
The third sentence of the poem, "I feel sorry for Beijingers who fled south alone", is the center of the whole poem and plays a connecting role. The first two sentences, recalling the past and feeling sad, watching flowers and birds become sad, and the second sentence laments the flow in the north of the river, all because the poet is far away in Beijing and is on his way south. The upper and lower sentences are all around this sentence, which comes from this sentence. But this sentence did not touch the theme of Du Fu's Crossing Xiangjiang River and ancient poems. The last sentence "unlike the Xiangjiang River flowing north" only mentions the Xiangjiang River, breaking the title of the poem, while "water flowing north" is used to set off "people fleeing south" and also to strengthen the central content of the poem.
Du Fu's Crossing Xiangjiang River is an ancient poem written by Du Fu. It coincides with beautiful spring scenery, green water reflecting green hills and breathtaking scenery in a foreign land, which makes the exiled poet recall the past and daydream about the future, feeling disappointed and lost. Therefore, the poem begins with a deep emotional complaint: "I'm sorry for my past behavior of going to the garden later in the day." He was moved by this scene and recalled that he had enjoyed the scenery of the garden in this beautiful spring. Occasionally, friends drink and write poems with him, enjoying and cherishing spring, and enjoying it. It is not difficult to imagine the sadness in my heart now that I am going south alone. Adding a word "sadness" between "Late Sun Garden" and "Past Tour" makes the meaning of the sentence tortuous and rich, and the language ups and downs. Dialogue: "Flowers and birds are worried this spring." "This spring" means the time to cross the river. "Flowers and Birds" summarizes the scenery in spring. Although it does not directly depict the melody, the realm of flowers and birds is already in sight. "Worrying about the country and people" means that the flowers and birds in this spring are different from those in previous years, and they are also sad and hateful. Here we use empathy and metaphor to express the poet's sadness. "Left" is a pun. Not only flowers and birds, but also people. It can also be understood that people are as graceful and interesting as flowers and birds.
This poem is light in color and affectionate in seven words, which vividly expresses the poet's feelings of hurting the spring by traveling far away. The center of this poem is "I regret that Beijingers fled to the south alone", from the first two sentences to the narrative lyric, feeling that they were exiled from Kyoto to the lonely south. The word "independence" is powerful, which makes the whole sentence come alive and activates the whole article. "Unlike the Xiangjiang River flowing north", the third phase was naturally completed. Guan Shiming's Preface to Reading Tang Poems in Snow Mountain House says: "There are seven wonders in the early Tang Dynasty, and the taste is not sour and salty.' Human feelings are tired and bitter in the south, and Hongyan comes from the north',' Poor Beijingers flee south alone, unlike the Xiangjiang River flowing north' and' it is the time when Chang 'an flowers fall'. At first, it seemed to be a common saying. I have known it for a long time. "The so-called' taste is beyond sour and salty' means that the emotions contained in the poem are complex and rich, with endless aftertaste. The beauty of these poems lies not only in the fusion of feelings and scenery, but also in the formation of a confused artistic conception through the different contrasts of time, space and scenery, as if there are all kinds of lingering worries, and readers can feel its great appeal if they appreciate it carefully. " It's not like Xiangjiang Beiliu only pities Beijingers. "At first glance, it seems to be a cliche, without warning. If you carefully taste it, you can see the image of the poet's dismay. He is alone in the boat, thinking for a long time and leaving sorrow indefinitely, just like a river flowing north. Du is cheerful and likes to express his chest directly, which is one of the characteristics of his poems. " "Poetry in the Wine Garden" said that he "speaks like thunder. He is Su Like Zizhan sitting under the sandalwood tree eating taro and drinking water without frowning." This kind of image comment can help us feel and appreciate the style of Du Fu's poems in many ways.
Hu Yinglin spoke highly of this poem. He said: "In the early Tang Dynasty, Zi 'an's works have entered a wonderful realm. At the beginning of the seven words, Chen Liang changed, the melody was not harmonious, and the rhyme was still lacking. Du Fu's "Crossing Xiangjiang River" and "Gift" are all right, but the works are natural and full of charm. " This poem rhymes with antithesis and ends with antithesis, all of which have the charm of neatness, harmony and repeated chanting. The early Tang Dynasty was the initial stage of the Seven Wonders. Du Fu's Crossing the Xiangjiang River is quite influential, and it is not an exaggeration to say that it "has the power to create a poetic style".
source
Crossing Xiangjiang River-Du
original text
Lamenting the past in the garden, the sight of birds singing in spring triggered my sadness at the border.
I pity those who fled south from Beijing alone. I envy the water of Xiangjiang River, but you went to the north!
Keyword annotation
Evening: spring. The Book of Songs in July: "Spring is late and colorful."
Sad past: The author revisited his old place and felt sad because he was exiled again.
Frontier Sorrow: Sorrow caused by exile in remote areas.
Guo Jing: Chang 'an City.
Creation background
Du has been demoted twice, and now he is demoted to Fengzhou, a very remote place in the south. This poem was written when he was in exile. In Du Fu's ancient poem "Crossing Xiangjiang River", it was spring, birds and flowers greeted people. When I saw the river surging and flowing in the opposite direction, I couldn't help but think of my past trip, Beijing, and felt sad and melancholy. This is an impromptu lyric work.
Brief introduction of the author
Du Fu (about 645-708), a native of Xiangyang, Xiangzhou, China in the Tang Dynasty, was the grandfather of the great poet Du Fu. When Tang Gaozong Xianheng was a scholar in Tang Zhongzong, he was exiled to Fengzhou (now southeastern Vietnam) because of his association with Zhang Yizhi brothers. He used to be a junior official such as Ji and Luoyang City, and received a bachelor's degree in official studies. His fame is not as good as that of Li Qiao, Cui Rong and Su Weidao, and he is one of the founders of "Modern Poetry" in the Tang Dynasty. His works are simple and natural. Fifth, the five-character rhyme is rigorous.