Han Yu
He and Liu Zongyuan were both advocates of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, who advocated learning the prose language of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, breaking parallel prose and expanding the expressive function of classical Chinese. In the Song Dynasty, Su Shi called him "the decline of eight generations of literature", and he was addicted to the world, loyal to the prisoner's anger, and won the handsome of the three armed forces "; Ming people praised him as the first of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and called him "Liu Han" with Liu Zongyuan. Du Mu juxtaposes Koreans with Du Shi, calling them "Du Han Shi Bi", and is known as "a great writer of articles" and "a hundred generations of literators". In the old Guangdong Tongzhi, it was called one of the "Eight Sages of Ancient Guangdong". He is the author of 40 volumes of Han Changli's Collected Works, Foreign Collected Works 10, Teachers' Comments, etc. Han Yu is also a master of languages. He is good at borrowing predecessors' words and paying attention to the refinement of contemporary spoken language, and he can create many new sentences, many of which have become idioms so far, such as "falling when it hurts", "blaming easily" and "losing your mind". His prose writing theories, such as "the unity of literature and Taoism", "moderation in speech", "doing good deeds" and "having a proper speech", have important guiding significance for future generations.
liu zongyuan
Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu are called Liu Han, Liu Yuxi is called Liu Liu, and Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei Wuying are called Wang Meng. Liu Zongyuan left more than 600 poems in his life, and his achievements in writing were greater than poems. Nearly a hundred parallel essays, argumentative essays, sharp and ironic. There are many places where scenery is described in travel notes, such as Collection of Mr. Hedong, with representative works such as Xiju, Jiang Xue and Fisherman.
Su Shi
Su Shi is the representative with the highest literary achievement in Song Dynasty. His poems have a wide range of themes, fresh and vigorous, good at exaggeration and metaphor, and unique style. He and Huang Tingjian are also called "Su Huang". Ci is an uninhibited school, and Xin Qiji is the representative of the uninhibited school, also known as "Su Xin"; His prose writing is rich and unrestrained, and he is called "Ou Su" and "the first all-rounder in ancient China" with Ouyang Xiu. Su Shi, his father, Su Xun, and his brother, Su Zhe, are all famous for their literature, and they are also called "Three Sus". His works include Seven Episodes of Dongpo, Dongpo Yuefu and Dongpo Zhi Lin.
Su Xun
Su Xun is good at prose, especially at political theory, with clear exposition and vigorous writing style. He wrote 20 volumes of Jia and 3 volumes of Interpretation of the Law, all of which were handed down to the world together with Biography of the History of Song Dynasty.
Su Zhe
Su Zhe's knowledge of life is deeply influenced by his father and brother. Su Shi, who is famous for his prose, called his prose "Wang Yang wandering, sighing, outstanding and indispensable". His poems try to catch up with Su Shi, with unpretentious style and poor literary talent. Su Zhe is also good at calligraphy, which is chic, neat and orderly. He is the author of Biography of Poetry, Biography of Spring and Autumn Annals, and Collection of Luancheng.
Ouyang Xiu
Ouyang Xiu's poems, words and essays were all the best at that time. Poetry is eloquent, lyrical and euphemistic; Poetry style is similar to prose, emphasizing momentum, smooth and natural; His poems are deep and beautiful, inheriting the lingering wind of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Co-edited the Book of the New Tang Dynasty with Song Qi, and independently wrote the History of the New Five Dynasties. I also like to collect epigraphy and compile it into Records of the Historians. Author of Ouyang Wenzhong's Collection of Official Documents.
Wang Anshi
Wang Anshi has made outstanding achievements in literature. His prose is clear, logical and persuasive, which gives full play to the practical functions of ancient Chinese prose. This article is concise and to the point. His poems are "thin but difficult to learn from Du Fu" and good at reasoning. In his later years, his poetic style was subtle, profound and simple, and he was unique in the poetic style of the Northern Song Dynasty, and was known as "Wang Ti" in the world. There are Wang Linchuan Collection and Linchuan Collection.
Ceng Gong
Ceng Gong's main achievement is writing, and he can also write poems. There are more than 400 poems, which are characterized by simplicity, boldness and detachment, profound meaning, slightly similar to their prose, detached style and fresh words. However, some of them also have the common problems of classical poetry in Song Dynasty, which are just covered up by prose and ignored. He is not only good at prose, but also good at poetry. His image is distinct and he has a lasting appeal in the Tang Dynasty. Among all his poems, seven poems are the highest achievement, profound, meticulous and full of charm. Such as west building, south of the city, singing willow. As far as the Eight Masters are concerned, his poems are not as good as those of Han, Liu, Ou, Wang and Su Shi, but better than those of Su Xun and Su Zhe. There is only one poem "Appreciating the Southern Branch". His poems have been translated into English and distributed abroad. Documentary poems include Chasing Rent, General Border, Hu Shi, Lament, etc. Ceng Gong's documentary poems inherit and carry forward the literary tradition of Du Fu's realistic poems in the Tang Dynasty, with the main contents of reflecting social reality, paying attention to people's sufferings, exposing political abuses and commenting on state affairs, and showing his Confucian thoughts of caring for people's livelihood, helping the world and rejuvenating the country. In the poem Yang Yan, Ceng Gong admired Yang Xiong's immortal words and Yan Hui's immortal virtues, and encouraged himself to enter Xiu De with their persistent pursuit of Taoism. Another example is Ceng Gong's Reading the History of the Five Dynasties, which satirizes reality with history and exhorts the rulers of the Northern Song Dynasty to use the friendship between Guan Zhong and Bao to praise honesty and morality. Longzhong is right, expressing the desire to know the Lord and implying the feeling that ambition is hard to pay; Persuade and select talents, oppose the "Gaixia" that excludes good ministers, and so on. Ceng Gong's epic poems, or euphemistic expression of ambition, or outspoken reform, all originated from the metaphor of his writing style. There are more than 65,438+000 poems in The Collection of Ceng Gong, which contain feelings of parting. For example, it is recorded in the poetry collection "Nine Poems of Fenghe Chuzhou" that when Ceng Gong came back from visiting Ouyang Xiu in Chuzhou, he left his sadness and sudden departure, and greatly praised Ouyang Xiu's talent and character. For example, in Duchamp's "xianggong" Palace, Ceng Gong visited Du Yan, who had been admired for a long time and had just stepped down as prime minister. When he left, Ceng Gong expressed his appreciation for their friendship and Du Yan. Ceng Gong's poems of this kind also include: Poems for Fu Jie and On the River of Huaijiefu in memory of his good friend Wang Anshi; Farewell to a friend's "Send Shang Chen Bachelor"; Sentimental talents leave and advise students to send money to students; Farewell and comfort the frustrated, Reward Wu Zhongshu, Love in Late Spring and Send Sun Yingxian; Missing and saying goodbye to loved ones is very infectious. In addition, the farewell poem is also a true record of Ceng Gong's important life stage and mentality.