What are the differences between Su Shi and Xin Qiji's ci? We should compare the differences between them.

Su Shi's and Xin Qiji's works are uninhibited and always make people have endless reverie. In the literary revolution of the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi represented the highest achievement of this literary revolution. It is worth noting that Su Shi has made such achievements not only because his creation embodies the cultural ideal and aesthetic trend pursued by this literary revolution, but also because Su Shi has greater talent and superb skills than other writers. Moreover, more importantly, because Su Shi's creation has broken through the basic purpose of this literary change in many places. The poetic tendency of Su Ci makes the aesthetic value of Ci rise to a lofty level. Vivid scenery description produces magnificent pictures. Passion and indignation that can be vented often express ideals and ambitions with irresistible momentum, and disappointment that ideals and ambitions are difficult to achieve is also so natural and heroic. The life experienced by an open-minded mind and a detached view of time and space often shows philosophical feelings. This feeling permeates the feeling of life and ends with a deep calm from violent impulse. Gorgeous, elegant and arrogant language style, as well as Buddhism and old ideas hidden behind it, make its original pretentious and reserved posture become natural generosity. Think of the noisy and turbulent life as a sigh of a big dream, crossing the super bass, breaking the barrier of time and space, and singing with distant sages in the universe. Xin Ci has the artistic conception of prose culture, and this kind of brushwork is conducive to expressing a loose mind. Generosity is the mainstream of his emotions. Embrace life with passionate political feelings and lofty political ideals. Bold heroic qualities often try to identify with heroes in history. Out of concern for social reality, people often pretend to be singers of the times. Persistent patriotic enthusiasm and hard-to-pay grief and indignation are intertwined, which makes his heart miserable. "Lian Po is too old to eat", which makes people sad. After all, the temperature of the desolate homeland that pastoral scenery can comfort is still limited. The cultural connotation that allusions can express, the vivid and persistent thoughts packaged in colloquial and visualized words, and the persistence in the future significance and persistence in the future are the most thorough tragedies in his life. As for the vast realm presented by the surging image, it can only be regarded as a deep bluff. Carry a stone that will never be hot and never give up; Just like a woman who left her halfway (this is like Qu Yuan [2]), the suspicion and discrimination felt by the "reformed people" often make them feel sorry for themselves, and the language used to explain their feelings is trivial to the extent of their mother-in-law, which often wins universal recognition. Su Shi is the second poet who made great contributions to the development of Ci after Liu Yong in the Northern Song Dynasty. However, his ci caused two distinct debates at that time: on the one hand, some people fully affirmed his pioneering and innovative contributions to ci; On the other hand, some people think that he "takes poetry as his word", which is incorrect. Su Shi's ci has made a breakthrough in content. Su Shi's word is "unintentional, nothing to say". His ci can be divided into three categories: lyrical, object-chanting and pastoral. The breakthrough of Su Shi's ci style. The style of Su Shi's ci can be divided into three categories: 1) bold style. This is the ideal style that Su Shi deliberately pursues. In his poems, he incorporated passion and even sad feelings, and the characters he wrote were generous and heroic, with magnificent scenes. (2) Open-minded style. This is the most representative of Su Shi's thought and personality characteristics. (3) personable. The number of Su Shi's graceful words accounts for an absolute proportion in his total number of words. These words are pure and profound in feelings and healthy and lofty in style, and they are also the inheritance and development of traditional graceful words. Xin Qiji, whose real name is You 'an,No. Jiaxuan, a native of Jinan, was influenced by his grandfather Xin Zan in his early years. In his twenties, he organized an anti-Jin rebel army. He was sent by Geng Jing, commander-in-chief of the Rebel Army at that time, and contacted the court of Southern Song Dynasty, trying to cooperate with the outside world. Sign a contract in Jiangyin after going south. In his career of more than 40 years, apart from being a local official in Jiangxi and Fujian, he spent most of his time at home. As a hawk, he was brave and resourceful, but he was born at the wrong time and died of depression. Xin Qiji's ci collection is called Jia He Short Sentences, with more than 00 words, which is the one with the largest number of poets in the Song Dynasty. His ci can be roughly divided into three categories: patriotic ci, mainly recalling the life of resisting gold in those years, expressing his ambition to serve the country, expressing sympathy for the people in the occupied areas and expressing resentment against the capitulators. Representative works include Broken Array (Drunk Watching Sword) and so on. Rural ci mainly describes rural life and rural scenery in order to resolve the pain in reality. Representative works include Qingpingle (low eaves). Leisure words and romantic words, such as "Xi Jiang Yue Ji Xing" and "Zhu Yingtai Jin" (Baochai Fen). Although the contents of Xin Qiji's ci are different, they all run through the heroic feelings of patriotism. The first artistic feature of Xin Qiji's ci: desolation, grandeur and depression are the dominant styles, but they are not eclectic. The artistic conception is open and the momentum is flying. Multi-use metaphors, rich allusions and rich language. The similarities and differences between Su Shi and Xin Qiji are the same: both of them are the most affectionate people. Differences: Su Shi is loyal and kind-hearted, free and easy; Xin Qiji is magnificent and heroic. Su Shi's ci style is broad-minded, while Xin Qiji's ci style is vigorous. Su Shi is very free and easy, which is due to his character. Because Su Shi is a very philosophical scholar. Although his political career has been very unsatisfactory, his knowledge and personality have always enabled him to look at the setbacks and dissatisfaction in life very freely, so Su Shi's boldness is a natural outpouring from the heart, giving people a feeling of flowing freely. However, Xin Qiji's boldness gives people heroism and depression, because Xin Qiji is a legendary poet himself, and his greatest wish is to recover the lost land in the north. But the Southern Song Dynasty was a cowardly dynasty. Most of those in power are advocates of stealing peace, and the main battle of the old and new gentlemen will undoubtedly offend those in power. His heroic straightforward personality has always hindered the realization of his wishes, so his works are naturally full of a bold sense of soaring, full of the tragic and passion of a patriotic soldier. However, his failure to be reused led to his frustration, which added some Du Fu-style repression to his boldness. Generally speaking, Su Shi's boldness is relaxed and charming, while Xin Qiji's boldness is a tragic voice with lofty aspirations, which is depressing and shocking. In the specific cultural environment of the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi was a character full of romantic temperament and free personality. On the one hand, as a member of the literati group, he actively participated in the country's political activities and cultural construction with a strong sense of social responsibility. On the other hand, he is more sensitive and deeply aware of the oppression of individuals by powerful social and political organizations and ruling ideas than anyone in his contemporaries, and he is going to doubt, get tired of and abandon all established values (but not conflict and resistance), and strive to find a way to complete spiritual liberation. His freedom and helplessness, self-adaptation and frustration in literary creation profoundly reflect the inner anguish of intellectuals in the era of increasingly strengthened feudal autocracy. It can be said that without Su Shi, the literature of the Song Dynasty would be much more dull. Su Shi has a special position in the history of China Ci. Wang Zhuo, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said in "Tales of Biji Manzhi" that it was not until Su Shi that the phrase "Go all the way up, find new eyes and ears in the world, so that the author can know what he did" was very accurate. Although there were some vigorous works before Su Shi, from Li Bai's masterpiece Qin Yi E to Fan Zhongyan's "Pride of Fisherman", this is only an individual phenomenon in the whole history of literati ci. From the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties to the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, ci was always regarded as the "last resort" of pure entertainment in the literati's concept, which made the geisha sing romantic songs of drinking, unable to turn out the strange circle of deep feeling and sadness, and its language style was difficult to break away from the gentle and delicate barrier. It was not until Su Shi entered the field of ci creation with great talent and broad mind that he made great progress in the theme, artistic conception, style and expression of ci. In the field of Ci-poetry, Su Shi made bold exploration and innovation in subject matter, style and techniques, which made his Ci-poetry quite different from the tradition of Ci-poetry and attracted wide attention at that time. Many people criticize Su Ci, especially its characteristics of "taking poetry as ci". For example, the poem "The Back Hill" says that he "takes poetry as a word, which is like thunder making it dance. Although it is extremely world-class, it must be unnatural", while Li Qingzhao calls it "a poem that is often out of tune without repairing sentences" (on the word). These opinions are put forward from the traditional standards and concepts of ci, while ignoring the great significance of Su Shi's liberation of ci, making it an independent literary genre with rich expressive functions like poetry. Even if some Su words are out of tune, that is, they are not suitable for singing, it is not necessarily wrong. Words divorced from music and words closely matched with music cannot exist at the same time. Xin Qiji, on the other hand, has always regarded revenge on national humiliation and recovering lost land as his lifelong career, and wrote the expectations and disappointments of the times, the enthusiasm and indignation of the nation in his literary creation. But as a politician with practical ability, he once gained a high position, and his pursuit of gold career was not mainly out of enthusiasm like Lu You. As a hero, his personality is stronger than that of Lu You, and his thoughts are not as "pure" as Lu You. His ideal not only reflects the common aspiration of the nation, but also reflects the ambition of a hero who is eager to achieve himself on the historical stage. Therefore, in literary creation, he doesn't like writing poems, especially the seven laws with strict format, but puts all his energy into Ci, a genre that is more suitable for expressing volatile emotions. The grandeur and despair of his hero are intertwined, ups and downs, and the contrast is strong, forming a waterfall-like impact. But after "ending the king's world affairs and winning his reputation before his death", he suddenly added the last sentence "All this is in vain" and pointed out that all this is a futile dream. The fact is that the white hair is ruthless and the ambition is empty, just like a scoop of ice water poured on a fierce fire, which makes people shudder. In the use of images, Xin Qiji also has his own characteristics. Generally speaking, he seldom uses orchids, willows and powders as embellishments, which are common in traditional ci-poetry. Consistent with the tragic and majestic emotional tone to be expressed, the natural scenery depicted in his works has a rushing and arrogant style. Such as "the gorge is the Cangjiang River, crossing the dangerous building to fly" ("Water"), "Who believes in the heavenly wind enclave and opens the blue wall lake" ("Man Jiang Hong"); Most of the historical figures he adopted were bold and unconstrained, or generous and sad, such as Li Guang (Eight Tones of Ganzhou), Emperor Wu of Song (Joy of Unfortunate Encounters) and "Young Man Full of Wealth." This choice of nature and historical materials is just in line with the emotional power in ci, which makes people feel excited. Therefore, both of them belong to the uninhibited school. Su Shi's ci is more natural and unrestrained, broad-minded and verve, while Xin Ci gives people the feeling of being uninhibited, sad and passionate. To sum up, Xin Qiji's artistic achievements are characterized by loose form, coherent semantic flow and long sentences. The way of combining dense images into sentences and skipping conjunctions, which is widely used in literati ci, has been completely broken in Xin ci. But it doesn't mean that Xin Qiji's so-called "taking words as words" no longer has musical rhythm. He uses prose sentence patterns extensively to keep a vivid tone, and at the same time, he can create the rhythm of change through various means. For example, in Hidden Dragon, "The sunset is on the roof, and in the sound of a broken rainbow, you are wandering in the south of the Yangtze River. After reading Wu Gou, no one will meet him, he will come to the scene. " This is a long sentence in the word, but it is striking and powerful, and it is by no means just putting an article in the form of words. Another major feature of Xin Ci in language skills is that it widely quotes words, sentences and historical allusions from classics, history books, sub-books and previous poems, and melts or embeds them in its own words. It is easy to cause blunt and difficult problems, but most of Xin Qiji's talents can be used properly, naturally, or with other interests, as A Qing and Liu Xizai said in "An Introduction to Art": "The thin words in ancient books, once used, will be romantic." Take the article "Le Jing Kou Gu Bei Ting Nostalgia in Yongyu" as an example. 100 words describes the deeds of five historical figures, namely Sun Quan, Emperor Wu of Song, Liu Yilong, Tuoba Tao and Lian Po, which is closely related to the author's subjective feelings and ideas. Not only is the connotation extremely rich, but also the tone is flying and the expression is exposed, which is really not easy. Of course, Xin Qiji's ci often has the defects of scattered culture, too much discussion and so-called "book bag", that is, he uses too many classical sayings, but in any case, he did greatly transform his ci. His words are not only "everything can be said unintentionally", but also that any "meaning" and "thing" can be freely and fully expressed. In this way, the creation of ci completely got rid of the fetters and entered the realm of freedom. It is precisely because Xin Qiji has experienced too many vicissitudes, accumulated too much depression, and knows the helplessness of life that he will feel "what is faith!" . He can only seek shelter for his feelings and soothe his wounded heart in the quiet countryside, which is what a hero has to do in a mediocre society. Only by understanding this point can we understand Xin Qiji's true mentality in writing such words. Xin Qiji is a hero, but this word just reflects the sentimental side of Xin Qiji as a poet. Applying a poem given by Mr. Guo Moruo to Marshal Chen Yi can give Xin Qiji a pertinent evaluation. The general is a poet. My blog started. There are many similarities between Xin Qiji and Lu You: he always takes revenge for national humiliation and regaining lost land as his lifelong career, and writes about the expectations and disappointments of the times and the enthusiasm and indignation of the nation in his literary creation. However, Xin Qiji is also different from Lu You in many aspects: as a politician with practical ability, he once gained a fairly high position, and his pursuit against gold was not mainly out of enthusiasm like Lu You; As a hero, his personality is stronger than that of Lu You, and his thoughts are not as "pure" as Lu You. His ideal not only reflects the common aspiration of the nation, but also reflects the ambition of a hero who is eager to achieve himself on the historical stage. Therefore, in literary creation, he doesn't like writing poems like Lu You, especially the seven laws with strict format, but puts all his energy into Ci, a genre that is more suitable for expressing volatile emotions. His collection of poems, Jia He Short Sentences, has preserved more than 600 poems. In the hands of Su Shi, he created a bold, broad-minded and open style, but it did not get strong inheritance and development. Until the beginning, Zhang, Ye Mengde and others took revenge against gold as the theme, and inherited Su Shi's ci style, which played a role in connecting the past with the future. However, their ci is mainly the result of inner passion under the special background of the times, and it has not become a conscious artistic pursuit, nor has it been extended to other themes to a greater extent, so their achievements are not very high. When Xin Qiji appeared in the ci world, he not only continued the direction of Su Ci, but also wrote many magnificent works, and created his own unique ci style in the ci world with his arrogance, rich knowledge and extraordinary talent, which not only promoted the style of Su Ci, but also broke through the scope of Su Ci and opened up a broader world of Ci. Both Xin Ci and Su Ci are famous for their broad realm and generous and cheerful feelings. However, the difference is that Su Shi often experiences life with a broad and detached view of time and space, and often shows philosophical insights and insight into life, and his emotions turn from impulsiveness to deep calmness, while Xin Qiji always embraces life with fiery feelings and lofty ideals, showing more heroic pride and grief. Xin Qiji also believed in Laozi and Zhuangzi and made broad-minded words in his poems. But he can't turn impulsive feelings into calmness, but vent his inner grief and indignation from a low or even desperate direction. These seemingly broad-minded and decadent sentences make people feel that his high expectations are shattered and become an indelible pain when he is desperate. The grandeur and despair of his hero are intertwined, ups and downs, and the contrast is strong, forming a waterfall-like impact. In the use of images, Xin Qiji also has his own characteristics. Generally speaking, he seldom uses orchids, willows and powders as embellishments, which are common in traditional ci-poetry. Consistent with the tragic and majestic emotional tone to be expressed, the natural scenery depicted in his works has a rushing and arrogant style. This choice of nature and historical materials is just in line with the emotional power in ci, which makes people feel excited. Therefore, both of them belong to the uninhibited school. Su Shi's ci is more natural and unrestrained, broad-minded and verve, while Xin Ci gives people the feeling of being uninhibited, sad and passionate. Xin Qiji's great contribution in the history of Ci lies in the expansion of content and theme. His existing more than 600 poems are about politics, philosophy, feelings of friends and lovers, rural scenery, folk customs and feelings about daily life and reading. It can be said that at that time, he wrote all the poems that could be written in any other style, and the scope was much wider than that of Su Ci. With the changes in the content, theme and emotional tone of Ci, the artistic style of Xin Ci has also changed. Although his ci is mainly vigorous and vigorous, he is also very handy in writing traditional charm words. For example, in the famous "Fishing, Cherishing the Spring and the Sea", the first one I wrote was Cherishing the Spring, and the second one was the Palace Complaint. With a woman's style, with great twists and turns, euphemistic feelings and delicate brushwork, she wrote a lonely and frustrated mood layer by layer. Many of his works describing rural scenery and farmers' life are so simple, beautiful and full of vitality. Xin Qiji and Su Shi are both powerful pioneers of ci language skills. The predecessors said that Su Shi used poetry as his ci, and Xin Qiji used prose as his ci. Of course, it was somewhat simplistic, but it did point out that when Xin Qiji got it, the language of ci was more free and liberated, and there was no reason to change it, so there was no rule. In Xin Ci, there are very popular and naive folk languages.