1, allusions. It refers to the use of ancient stories, folk customs or epigrams to express ideas in couplets, so that couplets are full of connotation and charm. For example:
Where is Wang Teng? Stayed, play pity to draw a bead curtain, all turned into empty pools and clouds;
Gong Yan can preach and teach, and the scholar is in the first place. He sends a message to the host and guest in the southeast, and talents should not be underestimated.
(Jiangxi Tengwangge couplet)
2. Mosaic name. Also known as embedded characters, it is to embed special nouns such as names of people, places and things into couplets to make them novel and personalized. For example:
Navigation marks lead the way, flags lead the way, build peace together, create China's great cause together, and be proud of beautiful rivers and mountains;
National music welcomes the bride, rural tea tells stories, seeks development, * * * builds the vision of Yanhuang, and Chu and Han are beautiful.
3. Contrast. Compare the positive and negative things and situations. For example:
The cicada forest is getting quiet; Tonamiyama is more hidden. (Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden Alliance)
4. Overlapping words. It is to superimpose the same words to highlight the key points and strengthen the tone. For example:
Mountains and rivers are full of Xiu Xiu; Sunny, sunny and rainy, always curious. (West Lake couplet)
5. Puns. Couplets have two meanings. On the surface, it means this, but in fact it means another thing, the real meaning of the speech. This technique is subtle, tortuous and lively, which makes couplets humorous.
As far as the constitutive conditions are concerned, pun can be divided into homophonic pun and semantic pun, which can be used in combination.
(1) homophonic pun. Refers to a pun made by using homophonic or homophonic conditions. For example:
The tower is brightly lit and the layers are clear and bright; Lotus roots are picked in the pool, and the roots are too white to grow.
The upper and lower couplets are homophonic, and the names of Zhuge Liang and Li Changgeng (that is, Li Bai) are embedded, which is quite wonderful.
(2) Semantic pun. Making puns by using the duality of semantics. For example:
In the later period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the reactionary Kuomintang government was even more corrupt, and the judiciary also said, "The yamen ran south, but it couldn't get in without money." . At that time, someone drew up a couplet for the court:
Orderly; Lawless.
It means: gold bars are meaningful, and there is no darkness without coins. Eight words have exposed the corruption and degeneration of the reactionary regime to the fullest, which makes people applaud.
Step 6 cycle back. It refers to the clever use of rhetoric in couplets, which reads the same thing in order and in reverse order, forming the beauty of reciprocation in phonology. For example:
The water in the pool is ringing; The Valley of Gold is golden.
There is also a couplet that forms a pronunciation cycle with the help of homophones. According to legend, one day in the Ming Dynasty, Tang Yin visited a friend's house and saw a picture of Lotus Out of the Water painted by a monk hanging on the wall. He blurted out a sentence:
Draw a picture of a lotus monk,
Couplets spread, but they haven't been matched for a long time. It was not until the Qing Dynasty that there were two antitheses. One is from Li Boyuan:
This book is close to China Post Hanlin Book.
Another for Ji Xiaolan:
Guanyin in the pre-Tang Dynasty in Kannonji.
7, the top is true. In other words, the words before and after the couplets are connected by the same language elements, which makes the couplets compact in structure, coherent in meaning and smooth in sound and rhyme. For example:
According to legend, Emperor Qianlong visited Tianran Restaurant in Beijing incognito, and suddenly he was inspired, so he wrote a question about it:
The guest lives in nature, but he is a guest in the sky;
After Ji Xiaolan passed the Great Buddha Temple in the suburb of Xinchang County, Zhejiang Province, he saw that the Buddha statue was as high as Zhang Yu and said:
People have been to the Big Buddha Temple, which is bigger than others.
8. repeat it. It is to repeat the rhetorical format of a word or sentence to highlight a certain meaning or emphasize a certain emotion. For example:
Good mountains, good water, good winds, good months and good Millennium;
Idiot's voice, idiot's dream and infatuation, generations of idiots. (Nanjing Qinhuai River Yue Feng Pavilion)
9. Set sentences. Refers to quoting famous philosophical aphorisms. It can enhance the persuasiveness of couplets and the elegance of language. For example:
And a mist from Yunmeng Canyon has been hanging over Yueyang City, where the scenery is unique;
The stars look down from the empty place, the moon goes up the river, and the mountains and rivers are so charming.
10, using polyphonic words. Refers to the clever use of Chinese characters with similar shapes but different sounds and meanings. For example:
Clouds spread towards each other; The tide is long, long, long, long. (Wenzhou Jiangxin Temple Alliance)
This couplet was written by Wang, the champion of the Southern Song Dynasty, and skillfully used the polyphonic characters of "Chao" and "Chang". By describing the gathering of clouds and ebb and flow of tides, the colorful scene of Jiang Xindao in Wenzhou is described.
1 1, missing. Refers to the form of deliberately hiding some words in a couplet to make people think of another meaning to promote the couplet. For example:
Two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine.
The moral of couplets is "lack of one (clothing) and ten (food) and nothing".
Common sense of poetry: 1. What was China's first collection of poems? Book of Songs II. Who is the representative poet of Chu Ci? Qu Yuan, Song Yu 3. In which dynasty did Yuefu poetry first appear? Which two poems does Yuefu Double Wall refer to? Qin dynasty; Mulan Poetry and Peacock Flying Southeast 4. There was a famous pastoral poet in the history of poetry in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty. Who is he? Tao Yuanming 5. Four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty were the main poets in the pioneering period of Tang poetry. Who are they? Yang Jiong, Lu, Luo 6 people. What are the two forms of quatrains? Five-character quatrains and seven-character quatrains 7. Who were the two "Seven-character Masters" in Tang Dynasty? Li Bai and Wang Changling. Is it ancient poetry or modern poetry that pays attention to levels and levels? Modern poetry. Who are Du Li and Du Li in the Tang Dynasty? Li Bai Du Fu, Li Shangyin Du Mu 10. What are the poetic styles that Li Bai and Du Fu are good at? Li Bai is good at quatrains and ancient styles, while Du Fu is good at metrical poems.