How to quickly understand the main idea of prose in senior high school entrance examination

1) the function of a sentence in the text: 1, the beginning of the text: the opening point; Render the atmosphere (prose), pave the way (narrative), and set suspense (novel, but not tested in Shanghai) as the auxiliary paving way for the following; Below the general collar; 2. In the text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above; 3. At the end of the article: point out the center (prose); Deepen the theme (narrative); The beginning of reference (argumentative, narrative, novel) (2) the function of rhetoric: (1) its own function; (2) Combined with sentence context. 1, figuratively personified: vivid; Answer format: written vividly+object+characteristics. 2, parallelism: momentum, strengthen the tone, in one go and so on. ; Answer format: key+object+feature 3; Questioning: arouse readers' attention and thinking; Answer format: arouse readers' attention and thinking about+object+characteristics; Rhetorical question: emphasis, emphasis, etc. 4. Contrast: emphasize ... highlight ... when answering questions, reveal the target, and then clear the sentence. (4) Can one word in a sentence be replaced by another? Why? Verb:No. Because this word accurately, vividly and concretely writes the adjective:No. Because this word vividly describes adverbs (such as Du, Da Du, Very Only, etc. ): no. Because this word accurately describes the situation of … (table degree, table limit, table time, table range, etc.). ), after the change, it becomes ... not in line with the facts. (5) Can the order of two or three words in a sentence be reversed? Why? I can't. Because: (1) does not conform to the law of people's understanding of things (from shallow to deep, from surface to inside, from phenomenon to essence). (2) This word corresponds to the above one by one. (3) These words are progressive, interlocking and cannot be interchanged. (6) Duan Yi Summary 1. Narrative: Answer clearly (when and where) who did what. Format: (time+place)+people+things. 2. Description: The answer clearly explains what the object is and what its characteristics are. Format: explanation (introduction)+explanation object+explanation content (characteristics) 3. Discuss the article: clearly answer what the question is and what the author thinks. Format: What argumentation method is used to prove (argumentation)+argumentation (7) Expression skills play an important role in the appreciation of ancient poetry, such as allusion, comparison, rendering, comparison, token, scene blending, lyricism by borrowing scenery, combination of static and dynamic, combination of reality and fiction, euphemism and implication, comparison, allegory, symbol, pun, etc. The rhetorical methods commonly used in poetry include exaggeration, parallelism, duality, metaphor, metonymy, analogy, rhetorical question, rhetorical question and repetition. The commonly used terms in analyzing poetry language are: accurate, vivid, vivid, concise, incisive, concise, bright, fresh, novel, beautiful, gorgeous, implicit, simple and natural. When reviewing, we should systematically summarize all kinds of expression skills and reserve relevant knowledge. First of all, we should understand the characteristics and functions of these expressive skills, and then carefully appreciate and analyze them in combination with specific poems. As for evaluating the ideological content of poetry and the author's attitude, it includes summarizing the main idea of the work, analyzing the social reality reflected by the work, and pointing out its positive significance or limitations. In short, the first step to appreciate ancient poetry is to grasp the content of poetry from the following aspects: 1 Read the title and comments carefully; 2. Analyze the image; 3. Taste the artistic conception; 4 contact the author. Step 2, find out the skills: 1 Grasp the image features; 2. Differentiate expression skills; 3 Explain the expression function. The third step is to evaluate the contents and opinions: 1 summarize the main idea; 2 contact background; 3 distinguish between primary and secondary; 4. Comprehensive evaluation. When answering questions, we should pay special attention to the following points: first, we should stick to the requirements and not generalize; Second, the main points should be complete and should be considered from multiple angles; The third is to scrutinize the terminology to make it accurate, concise and standardized. (1) The artistic method of distinguishing "ways and techniques", also known as expression skills, includes: (1) Expression methods: narration, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation. (2) Expression techniques: arousing, associating, setting off, suppressing, caring, being positive, symbolizing, contrasting, changing from reality to emptiness, combining reality with reality, using allusions, expressing one's mind directly, expressing feelings by borrowing scenery, blending scenes, expressing ideas by borrowing the past, satirizing the present, turning motion into stillness, combining motion with motion, seeing the big from the small, and getting to the point. Rhetoric: metaphor, metonymy, exaggeration, duality, contrast, analogy, parallelism, rhetorical question, quotation, irony and repetition. (2) The difference between "emotion" and "scenery" is that poets express their feelings through scenery. "Expressing emotion by borrowing scenery" is relatively direct, and the feeling after reading the poem is to see "emotion" but not "scenery"; "Emotion in the scene" and "scene blending". When expressing feelings, there are no words on the front. After reading the poem, I feel that I see the "scenery" but can't see the "emotion". But after careful analysis, it is found that the poet's feelings are all in the natural scenery in front of him, and all the scenery and words are sentimental. (3) Common description angles are: shape, sound, color, state and taste. "Shape" and "color" are perspectives; "Sound" is the angle of hearing; "State" is divided into dynamic and static; "Taste" is the angle of touch. 1. Expression: narration, description, lyricism, explanation and discussion 1. Narration is narrative plus description. 2. Expression is expression. One is to express emotions in a lyrical way, which is the emotional externalization of psychology. The second is to express meaning, meaning and viewpoint, that is, externalize the cognition in the heart through description, narration, explanation and discussion. 3. The cognitive process of human beings has risen from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge. Describe and narrate the achievements of perceptual knowledge, and explain and discuss the achievements of rational knowledge. 4, two kinds of understanding and communication, the combination of several expressions. Narrative plus description is narrative, and explanation plus discussion is argument. Narrative plus argument is the so-called narrative discussion. 5. Lyricism, the so-called indirect lyricism, means expressing emotions by describing, narrating, explaining and discussing. 2. Expression techniques: symbol, contrast, contrast, suspense setting, echo before and after, desire to promote first, express meaning by expressing things, express feelings by borrowing things, associate, imagine and contrast (positive contrast, negative contrast) 3. Rhetorical devices: metaphor, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, antithesis, quotation, rhetorical question, repetition and intertextuality. There are parallel, dual, repetition, intertextuality and contrast. Easy to understand and remember. Four, the six elements of narrative: time, place, people, the cause, process and result of things. According to this statement, it is actually four elements: time, place, people and events. 2. Things are everyday concepts; Event is a scientific literary concept. Events have a cause, a process and a result. 4. The six-element theory comes from the five elements of news writing in journalism: five W's (Who What Where Why Why) and one H(HOW). V. Narrative order: chronological order, flashback, insertion 1. The narrative order is different, but there are the following points. It seems that a supplementary item should be added. 6. Description angle: front description and side description 7. Methods of describing characters: language, action, manner, psychology, appearance 1. The order of arrangement is from far to near and from outside to inside: appearance, language, action and psychology. 2, demeanor, should be classified as appearance. Eight, the perspective of describing the scenery: vision, hearing, taste, touch 1, lack of sense of smell alone, Li Qingzhao's "Touch the Lip, Kick the Swing" kicked the swing and got up to adjust his hands. Beside her, the thin Germany hung with crystal dew, and the sweat on her chest permeated with the thin silk robe. /When the guest came in, the socks slipped. And ashamed to go. Looking back at the door, Wen Qingmei. 2. It describes the classification of human sensory organs, and then combines them into perceptual representation. In China, it is commonly known as eyes, nose, tongue and body. 3. The order should be vision, hearing, smell, taste and touch. Nine, the method of describing the scenery: the combination of dynamic and static (writing static with motion), the combination of generalization and concreteness, from far and near (or from near and far) should be called generalization and detailed description, which is equivalent to freehand brushwork and detailed description. It is different from the generalization and concreteness of logic. X. Description (or lyric) method: positive (also called direct), negative (also called indirect) 1, negative description (or lyric)? Unreasonable and should be deleted. 2. There are positive aspects in description and direct and indirect differences in lyricism. 1 1. Narrative mode: General narrative and detailed description are not so different. Narration is the process of explanation (the behavior of a character is the change of an event or thing). Description is to describe people or things. The most essential narrative is the subject-predicate sentence, for example, one million people's liberation army successfully crossed the Yangtze River. Autumn tigers are rampant in Jiangnan area. It contains at least two elements. The most detailed description, six elements are complete. Typical literary works, such as novels, focus on description, in which the scene is displayed, and the narrative of plots and events is implied in the detailed description. 12. Interpretation sequence: time sequence, spatial order, logical sequence 13. Explaining methods: Examples, number of columns, analogy, comparison, definition, classification, explanation, copying, quotation 14. The plot of the novel consists of four parts: beginning, development, climax, ending or behind-the-scenes ending. Fifteen, the three elements of the novel: character image, story plot and specific environment are: character modeling, plot and environment. Sixteen, environmental description is divided into three elements: natural environment, social environment, argumentative paper. Arguments are classified as follows: factual arguments and rational arguments are too popular, and "theoretical arguments" are changed to "rational arguments"; High school students are not semi-illiterate! It should be noted that everyday "truth" is more reliable than scientific knowledge that has not become a "theory". Nineteen. Argumentation methods: example (or fact) argument, truth argument (sometimes called quotation argument), contrast (or positive and negative contrast) argument, metaphor argument 1, argument is a logical concept; Avoidance logic makes it very inaccurate. Why don't you elaborate one by one? 2, at least know that "citation" may be a fact, or it may be a truth or a theory. Twenty, the way of argument: argument, refutation (refutable arguments, arguments, arguments) These are actually logical concepts, why not just say proof and refutation. Logically speaking, refutation can refute arguments, arguments and arguments. Twenty-one, the structure of argumentative essay: total score, total score, total score; There are often parallel and progressive parts. What is described here should be the structure of a fully developed argumentative essay. The basic unit of argumentative writing is an argumentation process, and its structure is: proof-putting forward arguments, proving arguments and refuting conclusions-leading to fallacies, refuting fallacies and refuting conclusions. Twenty-two, the role of quotation marks: citation; Emphasize; Specific appellation; Negative, ironic, ironic 23. Dash usage: prompt, comment, summary, progress, topic change, interjection. 24. Others: (1) The function of a sentence in the text: 1, the beginning of the text: the opening point; Render the atmosphere (narrative, novel), bury the foreshadowing (narrative, novel), and set suspense (novel) as an auxiliary foreshadowing for the following; Below the general collar; 2. In the text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above; 3. At the end of the article: point out the center (narrative, novel); Deepen the theme (narrative, novel); Pay attention to the beginning (argumentative, narrative, novel)