dusk
Dusk has been the theme of literati chanting since ancient times. Poets express their life feelings under the unique natural beauty and create many beautiful poems with mixed scenes.
In Du Fu's works, the image of dusk is extremely bleak, because he suddenly entered a turbulent period of national disaster from a prosperous time, and that sad dusk had such a violent impact on his mind. In many of his poems, Du Fu expressed his desolation at dusk when he was wandering, such as "The dusk is secluded and crows are everywhere" ("Send Qin Zhou"), but when the sun sets, he has to step into the distance and wait for the author. In the long night and the bleak future, crows scream from time to time.
Du Fu drifted southwest in his later years and lived in Chengdu for several years. After leaving Chengdu, he is going to take a boat to the east and return to the Central Plains. I stayed in Kuizhou for more than a year on the way. This group of poems "Eight Poems of Autumn Prosperity" was written when he spent his second autumn in Kuizhou. There is a sentence in the first song, "Cold clothes push knives everywhere, and Baidicheng is in a hurry." In connection with the aforementioned "Lonely Boat Hometown Heart", we can know that the autumn in the poem is getting deeper and the autumn wind is getting colder. The local people have started to make winter clothes. But he had no chance to return to his hometown. The word "dusk" vividly shows the sadness and desolation of the sunset in late autumn.
There is also the twilight image in the two sentences of "She went out from the Purple Palace into the desert, and now she has become a green grave in the dusk" in Mourning Poems. The poet wrote the tragedy of Zhao Jun's life in just two powerful poems. "Dusk" is connected with the boundless desert, and the canopy covering the fields at dusk is so big that it seems to devour and digest everything. However, the grave grass is evergreen, but it exists forever, giving people a feeling of ruthlessness. Du Fu was wandering in a foreign land, far away from his native land, and his situation was similar to that of Zhaojun. Therefore, Zhao Jun's tragedy aroused the infinite emotion in the author's heart, and also entrusted his life experience and feelings of home and country.
It can be seen that the sad and lonely dusk is one of the common images in Du Fu's poems. He integrated his life feelings with dusk, forming an artistic conception of sadness or desolation or desolation. It shows the poet's loneliness and helplessness to the world and expresses a broad and infinite sense of sadness.
Lonely boat
In Du Fu's poems, there are poems about solitary boat, such as "No news from relatives and friends has reached me, and I am old, weak, sick and disabled, and I am alone in the boat", "Tears come from gathering day after day, and solitary boat is the heart of my hometown" and "Lonely boat seems to be heard yesterday".
The image of solitary boat is mostly in the third year (768) to the fifth year (770) of Dali, which is the twilight of Du Fu's life, so solitary boat is a summary of his life experience. It symbolizes Du Fu's wandering life and finally falling apart. It also symbolizes Du Fu's transcendence and yearning for freedom and independent personality.
As the name implies, a solitary boat is similar to a solitary sail and fork. It is not a ship gathered in the narrow Royal Guards. It is far from the tall and gorgeous aristocratic ship Ge Ship. Its shabby, single and free nature has reached an internal * * * sound with the poet's living state. The lonely boat is a ray of light in the imperfect world, which maintains Du Fu's inner peace and dilution, while Zhang Xi 'an shows a kind of aloof life realm.
In Du Fu's poems, words such as "Jianghu" and "boat" are frequently displayed. "Jianghu" is the Jianghu of literati, which isolates right from wrong and harmoniously blends heaven and earth. According to historians' records, Tao Zhugong Fan Li retired after his success and swam across the five lakes by boat. Later generations used "boat" and "Fan Li boat" to refer to the unrestrained and elegant romantic life. Du Fu, who has experienced vicissitudes of life, hopes to "chase the clear stream" and "ride the autumn wind" one day, and even go to Penglai to visit immortals. For Du Fu, seclusion and wandering immortals are sailing in a boat of his own mind, drifting freely in the world of truth, goodness and beauty. Not tying a boat, empty boat, flat boat, fairy sail, spirit boat, sea boat and sea boat are the supplements and foil of solitary boat in different forms, which clearly marks Du Fu's personality perfection and moral independence in adversity.
Therefore, when we truly understand the image of a lonely boat, we can also understand the voice of the poet Du Fu.