Interpretation of Cai Yan's grief and indignation poems.

Poems of Sorrow and Indignation (I) is the first autobiographical five-character narrative poem by a scholar in the history of China's poetry. The whole poem consists of 108 sentences with 540 words. It vividly depicts the poet's tragic experience in the great turmoil at the end of the Han Dynasty, and also writes the blood and tears of the plundered people. It recorded the social unrest and people's miserable life at the end of Han Dynasty, with epic scale and tragic color. The poet's grief and indignation has a certain typical significance, which is the victim's blood and tears complaint against the tragedy maker. Every word is blood, and every sentence is tears. The whole poem can be divided into three paragraphs, with the first forty sentences as the first paragraph and three levels. The first fourteen sentences are about Dong Zhuo's rebellion. This is the historical background of the poet's suffering, which sums up the turmoil in Zhong Ping from the sixth year (189) to the third year of Chuping (192). What is written in the poem is proved by history. The following eight sentences, "Nothing", describe the brutal slaughter and crazy plunder carried out by a group of ferocious jackals headed by Dong Zhuo. The biography of the Three Kingdoms Dong Zhuochuan records that "(Dong Zhuo) tried to send troops to Yangcheng, which was suitable for the February Society. When people are under their sticks, they cut off their men's heads, drive away their horses and cows, and take away their women's belongings. Tie the shaft with a broken head and return it to Luo, and the cloud will take the city, which is called long live. Go into Kaiyang City Gate, burn his head, and take Jia Bing, a woman, as a concubine. " The tragic images written in the poem, such as how many people are running around, killing people like hemp, and even piling up corpses everywhere, and the bones are leaning against each other, "a horse hangs its head and a woman is riding a horse", are all records of this catastrophe. The word "behind a woman's back" secretly introduces the poet's own experience. In the spring of the third year of Chuping, Dong Zhuo led Li Jue and Guo Fan to plunder Chenliu and Yingchuan counties. Their troops were mixed with Hu Qiangbing, and Cai Yan was captured. The following sixteen sentences, "There are tens of thousands", describe in detail the poet's life in the captive camp. These thousands of prisoners, thieves and soldiers are not allowed to get together, even if they touch each other, they dare not say a word. If you are not careful, you will be scolded and beaten. They wail day and night, die unsatisfied, and can't live. The poet is sad and angry, so he has to ask. The words "those pale people" summed up the suffering along the way. The most wonderful artistic description of this passage is a few words of insulting prisoners by thieves and soldiers, with a smile in the tone, which vividly depicts the ferocious face of thieves and soldiers. The following forty sentences are the second paragraph, which mainly describes the pain of missing the flesh and blood relatives in the frontier and the grief and indignation of abandoning the child and being in trouble when welcoming another child. The words "Bianhuang is different from China, and people are vulgar and have no sense of justice" highly summarize the humiliating life of the poet who was exiled and lost his virginity. Where can't bear to say anything, she only summed it up with the words "less sense of justice", and "less is more" hinted at countless sad things that she was insulted and trampled on. In the following six sentences, the words "frost and snow" and "Hu Feng" are used to briefly describe the sufferings in the frontier areas, so as to draw out the lament of missing parents. Through the description of the living environment, the poet contrasts his feelings with the scenery, and sets off endless laments with the endless "frost and snow" and "Hu Feng" in the four seasons, which enhances the sad and tragic atmosphere. Some critics think that Cai Yan lived in Pingyang, Hedong (near Linfen, Shanxi) after being robbed, which is inaccurate. Hedong Pingyang temporary residence is a branch of the southern Xiongnu right, not a place where the left lives. Mr. Tan Qixiang's textual research shows that Cai Yan's residence is in the Meiji of Xihe River (now Yike Zhaomeng in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region), which is more credible. Otherwise, how can Pingyang in Hedong, which is close to the Central Plains, be called "Bianhuang"? What about "Three Thousand Li"? The next six sentences, "There are foreigners", describe the ups and downs of leaders looking forward to going home and eagerly looking forward to news from their families. Foreign guests are very happy to hear it; When I asked about the news, I knew that it was not from my hometown and I didn't pick it up myself. I hoped it would turn into disappointment. In the sentence "I hope that when I meet you, my flesh and blood will meet me", the meaning of the poem suddenly turns, and the accident I usually hope has come true, which is really unexpected. The following six sentences "I want to forgive myself" suddenly turned from joy to sadness. Back home, I had to abandon my two sons. I may never see you again. Considering the love between mother and son, how can you have the heart to abandon your son? The poet then fell into pain and contradiction. The artistic description of a "Biezi", with sincere feelings, is the most touching and profound excavation. My mother was hurt by my son's words to persuade her to leave. A Qing poet Zhang Yugu commented on the following sixteen poems: "A husband loses his virginity and cannot bear to abandon others. My son can make it very clear that Yau Ching is the best, so I will repeat it in detail. I can't bear to be told by other children. It is wonderful to get involved in my son's unbearable self, and it is painful to write on the other side, but the unbearable self is becoming more and more obvious. " (Appreciation of Ancient Poetry, Volume 6) This statement is quite accurate. His son's questions made the poet's facial features burn, and he was in a trance. He cried and stroked his son, trying to move on. In the dilemma of de-living, the complex ambivalence of the lyric hero is highlighted. The following eight sentences, "all contemporaries", describe the farewell grief of peers. "Contemporaries" should refer to people who were captured with Cai Yan and lived in the southern Xiongnu, most of whom should be women. They envied Cai Yan's return to his hometown and lamented his fate, so they cried bitterly. The author described that the horse refused to walk and the car did not turn, and even spectators and passers-by witnessed this scene. #9 1; The scene of crying. It goes without saying that the pain of participants is ten times and one hundred times that of onlookers. This foil technique highlights the poet's grief-stricken mood. The following twenty-eight sentences are the third paragraph, describing the way home and what happened after you came back. The first six sentences are about going home: breaking love, leaving without another child, sprinting on the road and traveling far every day, but how can love be broken? The phrase "think of me when you are out of your stomach, and thinking is ruin" is used to cook. The next 12 sentences, "I am exhausted by my family", first describe the poet's return to the rear area and learn that his relatives are dying, and there is no loneliness in the middle table. After the Syrian rebellion, it was desolate: battlements became mountains, courtyards were overgrown with thorns, vegetation, bones and corpses everywhere. In particular, the phrase "no one goes out, the jackal barks" shows the desolation after the war through the rendering of the gloomy and horrible atmosphere. The sentence "I am lonely" is followed by the sentence "I am exhausted by my family, but I am not at home or abroad". The words "climb high and look far" are also covered up by thinking about children, and the words "think about me and go out" should be answered from a distance, showing a circle of thinking about children. The next four sentences describe the poet's feeling of approaching the end of his life under all kinds of worries. Although barely alive, but also lost the fun of life. The following four sentences "Entrust my life to a new couple" describe that after Dong Si remarried, although she tried her best to encourage herself to live, after some displacement, she has become a despised woman, often worried about being abandoned by the new couple, which reflects the mental shackles imposed on women and women's self-deprecating mentality. Finally, it ends with "the geometry of life, worrying all the year round". "Although it is the last stage, it is always a chapter and a place where grief and anger are bound." (Appreciation of Ancient Poems) It shows that a person's tragic career is inescapable, grief and indignation are everywhere, and there is no ultimate. Throughout the poem, The Poem of Sorrow and Indignation has several outstanding artistic achievements. The poet is good at excavating his own feelings and combining narrative with lyric closely. Although it is a narrative poem, the emotion is related to the words, the situation is commensurate, and the narrative is neither dull nor dry, nor broken or chaotic. It is good at describing details, trying to put them down, such as the life in the prison camp and the scenes of other children, with delicate descriptions, just like close-ups in movies; Ignoring it is a high artistic generalization, such as "Bianhuang is different from China, people are vulgar and lack a sense of justice". Narrative lyricism, partial array reduction, wave layer upon layer. Its narrative is in chronological order. Taking one's own experience as the main line, love is based on grief and indignation. In the expression of grief and indignation, it is criss-crossed, multi-level and multi-faceted. There are too many worries about her: being robbed, being scolded by a stick, being insulted, thinking of parents, thinking of another son, lamenting the death of relatives, and worrying after remarriage. There are about seven or eight kinds in the poem, but what saddens her most is another son. In order to highlight this point, the author used the method of going back and forth, and there were three or four reciting children's artistic descriptions before and after. Before leaving my son, from the brief description of the suffering in the border area, it leads to "I miss my parents when I feel, and I took a picture of my son." (Appreciation of Ancient Poetry) describes Biezi's scene in a positive way, and he writes about tears. The grief of peers' farewell set off the grief of other children. After returning to the road, I dug up a layer of "I want to go out, I want to go out." The love that is hard to give up is caused by another child. To "climb high and look far, my thoughts are flying", I secretly sort out my thoughts. It can be seen that Biezi is the poet's strongest, most concentrated and most prominent grief, from which a great mother's heart is beating. The poet's emotion in this respect is the deepest, so it is also the most touching, which is the amazing artistic ingenuity. There is a strong sense of reality in grief and indignation poems, and it is difficult to say the specific description of the prisoner's life and the complicated ambivalence of being in a dilemma at other times without personal experience. As Wu Kaisheng, a modern scholar, said, "I'm not fake, because this is Wen Xi's heartfelt words, and others can't replace it." Shen Deqian said that the success of Poems of Sorrow and Indignation was "based on true feelings and deep affection" (Volume III of Ancient Poetry Source), which shows that its realism is obvious to all. The language of grief and indignation poems is simple, "the true feelings are poor and cut, and the writing is natural." It has the characteristics of clarity and fluency, and there are no traces of carving. The language of some characters is vivid and personalized. For example, thieves and soldiers curse prisoners, which is consistent with the identity of the characters. If they hear their voices and see their people, their images are vivid and vivid. When Wenxi left his son, his son said a few words, much like a child's tone. It seems that you can see the child holding his mother's neck and talking, and see the child pouting. The child's innocence, naivety and attachment to his mother are vividly on the paper, which is rare in previous poems. Sorrow poem is a passionate and bitter poem, which is a unique combination in Jian 'an poetry. Deeply influenced by the narrative poems of Han Yuefu, such as "The Fifteenth Army Conscription" and "The Journey of Orphans", they are all folk narrative poems about their own life experiences. On the one hand, the sad poems were copied from them, and on the other hand, they were mixed with the writing of literati lyric poems. The predecessors pointed out that it was not groundless to have an influence on Du Fu's Northern Expedition and Fengxian Forever. It is also known as a double-edged narrative poem in Jian 'an period, together with Ancient Poetry as Jiao Zhongqing's Wife.