Appreciation of Du Fu's "Wang Yue"
Wang Yue·Du Fu
How about Dai Zongfu? Qilu is still young. The clock of creation is beautiful, and the yin and yang are cut off at dusk.
The clouds grow in the chest, and the returning birds enter the canthus. You will be at the top of the mountain, and you will have a panoramic view of the mountains.
Appreciation 1
Du Fu's poem "Looking at the Mountains" has three poems, one of which is about Dongyue (Taishan), Nanyue (Hengshan), and Xiyue (Huashan). This song is about looking at Dongyue Mount Tai. In the twenty-fourth year of Kaiyuan (736), the 24-year-old poet began to live a wandering life of "Qiu Ma Qing Kuang". This poem was written when he traveled to Qi and Zhao (today's Henan, Hebei, Shandong and other places in the north). It is the earliest existing poem by Du Fu. The lines are filled with the vigorous vitality of young Du Fu.
There is no word "looking" in the whole poem, but every sentence is written to look towards the mountains. The distance is from far to near, the time is from morning to dusk, and we look at the mountains and think about the future climbing of the mountains.
The first sentence, "How is Mr. Dai Zong?" describes the feeling of imitation, wonder and admiration that I was so happy when I first saw Mount Tai. I don't know how to describe it. It is very expressive. Dai is the alias of Mount Tai. Because it ranks first among the five mountains, it is revered as the Dai Zong. "How is your husband?" means how is it? The word "husband" is usually a virtual character used at the beginning of a sentence in ancient Chinese prose. It is a new creation and unique to incorporate it into the poem here. Although the word "husband" has no real meaning, it is indispensable. The so-called "lifelike portrayal is in Adu".
"Qilu is still young" is the answer I got after some speculation. It is really an amazing sentence. It does not say that Mount Tai is high in the abstract, nor does it describe it with general language such as "Cui Xi stabs the sky" like Xie Lingyun's "Taishan Yin", but writes his own experience ingeniously - in the ancient Qi and Lu kingdoms From outside the country, you can still see Mount Tai, which lies far across the country. The height of Mount Tai is highlighted by its distance. The south of Mount Tai is Lu, and the north of Mount Tai is Qi. Therefore, this sentence describes the geographical features and cannot be appropriated when writing about other mountains. In the Ming Dynasty, Mo Ruzhong wrote in his poem "Dengdong County Wangyue Tower": "Qilu is still young, who can succeed the Duling people in this poem?" He specifically mentioned this poem and believed that no one could succeed, which is reasonable.
The two sentences "The clock of creation is beautiful, and the yin and yang cut off the dusk" describe the magical beauty and majestic image of Mount Tai seen in the near view. They are a footnote to the previous sentence "The green is not over". The word "clock" expresses the sentimentality of nature. The side facing the sun in front of the mountain is called "yang", and the side behind the mountain facing away from the sun is called "yin". Because the mountain is high, the dusk and dawn of the sky are divided into the yin and yang sides of the mountain, so it is called "cutting the dusk and dawn". "Cut" is originally a common word, but when used here, it really means "odd danger". It can be seen from this that the poet Du Fu's creative style of "continuing to die without surprising words" was developed in his youth.
The two sentences "The clouds grow in the breasts, and the returning birds enter the canthus" are about looking closely. Seeing the endless clouds in the mountains, my heart was rippling; because I stared at it for a long time, I felt as if my eye sockets were bursting. "Returning bird" is a bird that returns to its nest in the forest. It can be seen that it is already dusk, but the poet is still looking at it. It goes without saying that it contains the poet's love for the mountains and rivers of his motherland.
"You will be at the top of the mountain, and you will have a panoramic view of all the small mountains." These last two sentences describe the desire to climb the mountain that comes from looking at the mountain. "Huidang" is a Chinese colloquialism, which means "must". For example, in Wang Bo's "Spring Thoughts": "Hui will break away from the wind and dust in one fell swoop, and the verdant covered pavilion will come to spring." Sometimes the word "hui" is used alone, such as Sun Guangxian's "Bei Meng Suo Yan": "One day I will kill this Zhuzi!" That is, There are often single words in Du's poems, such as "In this life, that old Shu will return to Qin if he doesn't die!" ("Sending Yan Gong to the Dynasty") If "huidang" is interpreted as "should", it will be inaccurate and dull.
From these two inspiring and symbolic poems, we can see the poet Du Fu's ambition and spirit of not being afraid of difficulties, daring to climb to the top, and looking down on everything. This is the key to Du Fu becoming a great poet, and it is also indispensable for all people who make a difference. This is why these two lines of poetry have been recited by people for thousands of years and can still arouse strong resonance in us. In the Qing Dynasty, Pu Qilong believed that Du's poems "should be headed by this" and said, "Du Zi's mind and spirit are impressive. Take them as a scroll and stand tall as a town." ("Reading Du Xinjie") It is from this point of view. Focus on the symbolic meaning of the two poems. This is consistent with Du Fu's "comparison between Ji and Qi" in politics, and his "Qi Piao Qu Jia Lei, short sight Cao Liu Qiang" in creation. This poem was praised as the "swan song" by later generations, and was carved into a stone tablet and erected at the foot of the mountain. Undoubtedly, it will live forever with Mount Tai. (Xiao Difei)
Appreciation 2
An ode to the national spirit and personal ambition - Appreciation of the poem "Looking at the Mountains" by Du Fu
This poem "Looking at the Mountains" The poem is a masterpiece by Du Fu, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty. After failing the imperial examination, the young poet traveled to Qi and Zhao, saw Mount Tai, and wrote this majestic and profound poem. In this poem, you can't see any negative and decadent emotions after failing the imperial examination. You can only feel the courage and feelings of a great man.
So, what is the most intriguing thing about this poem?
In order to understand the emotional content contained in this poem, we should first have a basic understanding of Mount Tai's political and cultural background. Qiu Zhaoao of the Qing Dynasty wrote in his "Detailed Notes on Du Shi": "Zheng Ang said: When the king ascends to the throne, he must go to this mountain to take his place. Moreover, the mountain is the longest of the five mountains, so it is called Daizong."
"Some emperors in ancient times held Zen ceremonies here. During the Warring States Period, some Confucian scholars in Qilu believed that Mount Tai was the highest among the five mountains, and emperors should go to Mount Tai to offer sacrifices. Therefore, in the eyes of the rulers, Mount Tai was the feudal regime's "unlimited relationship with the sky" and "the sky." A symbol of "prosperity and prosperity" (see "Han Shu·Wudi Ji"). This concept of the rulers will naturally have a broad and profound impact on the society at that time. Of course, the majestic Taiyue will not only cause the rulers to live forever It not only evokes the association and prayer of the political power, but also arouses a feeling of sublimity and admiration among the Chinese people. , Soaring to the sky. "(Xie Daoyun's "Mountain Climbing"). "Dai Zong shows off the mountains, and Cui Xi stabs the sky" (Xie Lingyun's "Taishan Yin"). "Those who climb high reach to the sky above the sky, and those who love the scenery want to be ahead of ten thousand people" (Ding Chunze's "Sun "Guan Fu"). From these poems praising Mount Tai, we can easily understand what kind of supreme and beautiful realm Mount Tai evokes in the hearts of Chinese people. The praise of the nation's lofty spirit and the individual's striving for worldliness are integrated into one, praising a "Taishan spirit".
As mentioned above, "Daizong" is the honorific title of Mount Tai, considered the highest by the ancients in the Five Mountains. It is the place where "the king ascends to the throne" and has the highest symbolic meaning in the national consciousness. Therefore, when the poet calls "Daizong" at the beginning, one can imagine the solemnity and solemnity of his emotions. The empty word "husband" subtly conveys such solemn and solemn feelings and deep pride; the word "how" further shows that the poet's deep feelings can only be understood but cannot be expressed in words.
The next sentence "Qi and Lu are still young" has always been admired by people. Mount Tai is located in the north of Qi and south of Lu. With the vastness of Qi and Lu, you can see its green color, so you feel that Mount Tai is even more high. . This writing method is indeed very novel. However, it can also give readers a more profound association: since Qi and Lu were ancient countries, Mount Tai has stood here for a long time; the ancient countries and the green face of Mount Tai have been interdependent. It has no time. This country with a long history of "Qilu" was once the place where Confucius, a cultural giant who climbed Mount Tai, spread culture. It is an extremely important base of Chinese civilization and can best arouse readers' affection for its cultural connotations. Feeling. The Mount Tai in Du Fu's works is not as unattainable as "Cui Xi stabs the sky" in Xie Lingyun's "Taishan Yin", nor is it as unattainable as Li Bai's "Raise your hand to understand the shallowness and accidentally climb the loom" ("Six Poems about Traveling to Mount Tai") 6) It evokes the feeling of forgetting the world, but is rooted in the earth and stretches across Qilu, bringing infinite green vitality to the world. The aphorism "Qilu is still young" comes from the poet's reverence for national history and culture and his positive attitude. An enterprising attitude towards life.
The word "miracle" in the third sentence actually comes from the word "green". This "divine beauty" is specially given by nature (creation). In a somewhat mysterious atmosphere, Taishan reveals an eternal and transcendent temperament, which is full of people's awe and admiration for Taishan in a certain era. It also contains the extremely proud feeling of the poet who is a son of Mount Tai.
"Yin and Yang cut off the dusk", which refers to the height of Mount Tai, and the yin and yang sides of the mountain are clearly divided. It is the color of dusk and dawn. This sentence comes from "creation". It is precisely because "creation" gives all the divine energy to Mount Tai, that Mount Tai also cuts off the dusk and dawn and participates in creation. It says: “The beginning of creation is the change of Yin and Yang. "Three or four sentences, written in pairs of "creation" and "yin and yang", intentionally or unintentionally create the trend of the yin and yang energy between heaven and earth operating around Mount Tai. Ancient books often describe Mount Tai as "the spirit of Dongyue, the atmosphere of creation". "Yun is the birth of two rituals" (Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty's "Ji Daiyue Wen") or "all things in the East are the place of explanation" ("Tongyi of the Five Classics"). It can be seen that Du Fu was deeply influenced by this kind of concept
In the above four sentences, the author outlines an all-encompassing and transcendent Mount Tai with a majestic and calm pen; the next four sentences gradually penetrate into the author's own intimate feelings, and the poet wants to describe himself as vast and vast. The thoughts are integrated with the strange and vast Mount Tai.
"Strata of clouds are rising in the chest", which is a wonderful pen of inheritance. Although the author does not write about Mount Tai directly, he writes about them endlessly and floating in the mountains. The clouds and mist describe the depth of Mount Tai; and the poet's mind is agitated and full of thoughts as the clouds emerge from the mountain, and his mind is as broad as Mount Tai's breathing clouds and mist, from stillness to movement. , adding vitality to the solemn Mount Tai, and the poet's interest has reached a small climax.
"The bird returns home" further demonstrates the poet's broad mind. The poetic imagery is relatively subtle, but in the soaring birds, it shows the infinite vastness of Mount Tai. The birds flying quickly make the poem more dynamic and inspire the author's imagination.
Whether you look at it from afar, up close, or attentively, you can't fully appreciate the beauty of Mount Tai. The uniqueness of Mount Tai lies in its condescending attitude of overlooking the mountains. Therefore, after a great Chinese philosopher climbed Mount Tai, he felt that the world had become smaller. He said: “Confucius climbed to the east mountain and made Lu small, and climbed to Taishan and made the world small. "("Mencius·Pian Xinxin") And Du Fu came to Wangyue with the ideal of climbing to the highest place and the mood of creating the most glorious achievements.
If you read the poem "Wangyue" carefully, you will feel deeply I feel that there is endless vitality in the vast and majestic natural scenery.
This vitality belongs to an ancient civilization that is both ancient and young. The dignity of "Daizong", the antiquity of "Qilu", the vastness of "good fortune" and "yin and yang", and the magnanimity of Confucius' mind when he climbed to the top of Mount Tai are all vivid manifestations of the vitality and wisdom of the ancient civilization. As for a poet, only when he integrates his ambitions and ideals into the infinite vitality of the nation's broad spirit, can his poetry last as long as the mountains and rivers of the motherland. This poem "Looking at the Mountains" is an immortal poem that belongs to Du Fu himself and to the nation. (Li Lienan)
Appreciation 3
This poem is the earliest of the existing Du poems, and the lines are filled with the vigorous vitality of the young Du Fu.
The two sentences in the first couplet describe the tall and majestic scene of Mount Tai from a distance. The chapter begins with a question, forming an abrupt momentum that arouses the whole article. "How is your husband" expresses the poet's excitement, joy, wonder and speculation when he first sees Mount Tai. The second sentence uses a large stroke of brush to paint a green mountain scenery, showing the tallness and majesty of Mount Tai.
The two-sentence couplet depicts the magical, beautiful and towering image of Mount Tai from a close-up perspective. "Zhongshenxiu" describes the magical beauty of Mount Tai; "Cie Duixiao" describes the majesty of Mount Tai. The word "bell" gives nature an emotional color, conveying the poet's love and praise for Mount Tai. The word "cut" is used in a novel and powerful way, as if "dun" and "dawn" were cut by Mount Tai, which expresses the majestic and high momentum of Mount Tai. This combination of virtual and real turns static into movement, making the static mountain peaks full of vitality.
The two neck couplets write about Mount Tai from the perspective of gazing, and try their best to show the height of Mount Tai through dynamic pictures. The small object "bird" is used here to set off the vast and distant scenery, which is a bit eye-catching and expressive. It was late in the evening when the "returning bird" was illuminated, but the poet was still looking at it. He was so absorbed in it, which shows that the poet loved the mountain. This couplet uses clouds and birds to highlight the tallness and majesty of Mount Tai, and describes the poet's ecstasy and inner turbulence when looking at Mount Tai for a long time, showing the poet's broad mind.
The two sentences at the end describe the poet's desire to reach the "top" arising from looking up at Mount Tai. The poet uses imaginary situations to set off and render the scene in front of him. The word "Ling" expresses the determination and heroic spirit of climbing to the top of Mount Tai. "Looking at the Small Mountains at a Glance" describes his imaginary feeling of climbing to the top and overlooking the mountains. It is very poetic and powerful. From these two sentences, we can see the poet Du Fu's ambition of not being afraid of difficulties, daring to climb to the top and overlooking all things. (This is the key to Du Fu becoming a great poet, and it is also indispensable for all people who make a difference. This is why these two poems have been recited by people for thousands of years and can still arouse our attention to this day* The reason why ** is ringing.)
The whole poem uses the word "wang" as a red line, and the scenes blend together. In terms of distance, looking is from far to near. In terms of time, looking is from morning to dusk. From looking at the mountains, we can imagine the scene of climbing the mountains and looking far away in the future. In terms of description method, this poem is a mixture of virtuality and reality, from scene to emotion, from emotion to scene, from emotion to scene, and from scene to scene.
Appreciation 4
Bold-minded and high-spirited - reading Du Fu's poem "Wang Yue"
How about Dai Zongfu? Qilu is still young. Good fortune is beautiful, Yin and Yang cut off the dawn. Zeng Yun is born in the chest, and the returning bird enters the canthus. You will be at the top of the mountain, and you will have a panoramic view of the mountains.
Du Fu wrote three poems praising the mountains, praising the three famous mountains of Dongyue, Nanyue and Xiyue respectively. This poem "Wang Yue" is one of the famous poems written by the poet to praise Dongyue Mount Tai.
This five-character ancient poem is the earliest work in Du Fu's poetry collection. When writing this poem, the poet was only in his twenties. The year before he wrote the poem, Du Fu took the Jinshi examination and failed. He was a young man at the time and had little experience in society and the world, so his defeat did not shock him that much. He was still very confident about his future and had wonderful illusions. In the second year of his defeat (736), he embarked on another grand tour. "Returning to sail to fly to my grandma, I pay tribute to my old hometown at the age of middle age. I have a bad temper, but I have a bad temper, and I have a short eye, and I have a short eye. I am dissatisfied with my merits, and I have to resign from Jingyintang alone. I was debauched between Qi and Zhao, and my horses were quite wild." ( "The Grand Tour") vividly reflects the bold mind, passionate emotions and noble character of the young poet at that time, and is also full of strong romanticism. This style is also expressed in the poem "Wang Yue".
"How is Dai Zongfu? Qilu is still young." The poet used the sentence pattern of asking questions to lead to Mount Tai in a very natural way; he also used the way of self-answering to depict the majestic image of Mount Tai. The so-called Daizong, also known as Daishan, is Mount Tai, because it is the first of the five mountains, so it is called Daizong. The predecessors said that "the yang of Mount Tai leads to Lu, and its yin leads to Qi", "from Qi to Lu, the two countries have ended." The poet firmly grasped the characteristics of a piece of green, without spending much ink, just using "Qi Lu" The five words "not yet green" vividly depict its majestic, verdant and vast appearance stretching into the sky. Poetry commentators have spoken highly of this poem, saying that it "has only five characters, and is truly heroic".
“Creation is graceful, yin and yang cut off the dusk”, which is the strange and beautiful state of Mount Tai that the poet deliberately described: This strange-shaped mountain seems to have been specially created by the gods to bring the world to the world. All the magic and beauty of nature are concentrated; the mountain peaks reach into the sky, blocking the sunlight, dividing the south and north of the mountain into two worlds of different light and darkness - it is already a bright morning here, and it is still a dark night over there.
The words "Zhong" and "Cut" used by the poet here are all unique. The former describes Mount Tai as embodying the "divine beauty" that all mountains should have, while the latter vividly sets off the tall and steep peaks that block out the sky and the sun. In the poet's writing, this Mount Tai is truly magical and majestic!
Then, Du Fu further described the scenery of Mount Tai and the feeling of looking at the mountain with two sentences: "Zeng Yun is born in the chest, and the returning bird is in the canthus". Because this mountain peak is very high and the clouds are stacked up, the poet stood at the foot of the mountain and looked up, as if he felt the clouds filling his mind. Therefore, the depression was washed away and his mind was widened; because it was far away, he tried to open his mind as wide as possible. Concentrate your eyes on the flying birds, and follow their movements into the distance. These two sentences are not completely realistic, but the poet's imagination. As Wang Sisi said: "The sentence 'opening the chest' expresses the vastness of the mind. The sentence 'jue canthus' expresses the vastness of the horizon. The body is at the foot of the mountain, while the mind wanders to the top of the mountain."
Finally, the poet The whole poem ends with the heroic line "When you stand at the top of the mountain, you can see all the small mountains." Since the poet faces this picturesque and beautiful peaks and looks up, his mind is relaxed and his spirit is high, so why not climb to the top of this mountain in person to enjoy the scenery of Mount Tai? The poet here expresses a desire to climb mountains. "Ling Jueding" reflects his far-sighted vision and heroic spirit. The word "Ling" is very appropriate and expressive, and the determination to climb forward without fear of hardships and dangers is simply vivid on the page. In these two lines of poetry, Du Fu used the meaning "Confucius...climbed Mount Tai and made the world small", which not only further praised the majestic posture of Mount Tai, but also used it to express his ambition to climb to the top and reach the top. From here we can clearly understand the young poet's strong confidence and self-reliance attitude, which is also a natural expression of Du Fu's early aggressive thoughts.
This poem is a close combination of scene description and lyricism. It truly embodies emotions with scenes, with scenes within emotions, emotions moving with the scenes, and scenes blending together. Throughout the whole poem, there is the word "look", which expands and deepens step by step from far to near, and from near to far, all through the eyes. Therefore, the predecessors believed: "Looking at the mountains is different from climbing the mountains. To climb the mountains, one must pay close attention to the peculiarities in the foothills of the mountains, such as the majestic rock formations, which cannot be discerned. If one wants to look at the mountains, it is not possible to do so. You must write down the details of the letter. It stands out from the outside, and there is one sentence that can surpass thousands of people." (See "Du Shi Yan Zhi") Therefore, the whole poem has a broad artistic conception, vivid images, high style and majestic momentum, which makes a deep impression on people after reading it. It has endless charm and feels like you are on the scene. It is indeed a masterpiece in Du Fu's poetry collection. At the same time, Mount Tai has always been praised by poets and poets because it is the first of the five mountains with magical scenery and various phenomena. However, none of the poems praising Mount Tai in the past dynasties can compare with this poem "Looking at the Mountains", so Qiu Zhaoao said: "Before Shaoling, those who sang about Mount Tai included poems by Xie Lingyun and Li Bai. The eight lines of the Xie poem are ancient and beautiful in the first half. But the lower part is plain and simple. There are good lines in the six chapters of Li's poems, but the meaning is very repetitive. This poem is powerful and sharp, and you can look down at the two families." He also said: "This chapter has a five-rhyme pattern, but the sentences are flat and oblique. Wei Xie is the counterpart of ancient poetry. He is strong in spirit and strength, and can reach the height of a beam." These evaluations are of course very high, but they are also fair.
(Li Yi)