Listening, speaking, reading and writing, reading first.
Don't read too much utilitarian.
A person's growth is not a short time, but more than ten years and decades. Just like a marathon, I was so nervous at the starting line from the beginning. Can you run down?
Reading: the cultivation of interest is the premise.
Reading habit is the premise of laying the foundation of life.
The key is to arouse interest.
Not allowing reading "casual books" means killing interest in reading.
The so-called "idle books" need not be restricted too much, and students should be given a little choice.
Too utilitarian reading, too clear-cut and rigid reading requirements (for example, students must take notes, or just to improve their composition scores, etc.). ) not only can't improve students' interest, but it may spoil the fun and kill their interest in reading.
The most useful thing to improve the effect of Chinese teaching is reading, which is to cultivate reading interest. This is the key and the "bull's nose".
Graded reading and the renewal of reading teaching theory
Preschool children and pupils read in several stages:
Cradle fairy tale stage
Folk story stage, fable stage, fairy tale stage and story stage.
Biography stage, literature stage and thinking stage.
In addition to obtaining information and understanding the world, reading also develops thinking and obtains aesthetic experience.
Reading teaching in primary schools should not only pay attention to reading aloud and silently, but also pay attention to intensive reading, speed reading, skipping reading, guessing reading, intertextuality, skimming and browsing.
Grasp the key words and ask for fast reading.
The method of fast reading:
Eyes had better look at the central axis of the article, don't stay.
You can train like this: put your fingers together and move down the lines of the book. The speed is slightly faster than the eyes, and it is getting faster and faster. So that it can be trained.
Retrieval reading:
When picking up a book, students should be taught to read the title, title page, abstract, preface, etc. First, then read through the table of contents, or choose one or two chapters closely related to the main idea to focus on reading, skip reading, read a few paragraphs, or reach the page; Finally, we should read the end of the book carefully, which is often a summary of the whole book, or we can read the postscript, so that we can quickly have a general understanding of the content of the book, and even judge how it is written and decide whether it is worth reading carefully.
Combination of intensive reading and skimming;
The first rough reading, the second close reading, the third close reading, with questions and doubts, choose key chapters to read.
Different styles have different reading methods:
Novels, poems and essays should not be read in a debating way and should not be based on analytical theories. Instead, they should focus on encouraging imagination and experience, put themselves in their shoes and attach great importance to first impressions.
Reading poetry: the first time is very important. We should pay attention to intuition. It is best to read aloud and read aloud quickly to get the first impression with vivid personal feelings.
Reading novels is mainly to look at life from a certain angle and stimulate imagination, rather than "sitting down" like watching history;
When reading social science works, we should pay attention to the core concepts and problems to be solved, sort out the logical thinking, and not let go of our imagination like reading novels.
Read through the book, don't be too serious, rather implement target management, with tips and guidance at the beginning and a summary at the end, which is enough.
Fairy Tales: The characteristics of fairy tales stimulate the imagination of reading.
Good reading doesn't require much understanding.
"Reading" leads.
Encourage "scrolling and crawling" reading
The first stage: lower grade, reading fairy tales, fables and stories, reading children's songs, children's poems and ancient poems.
Arrange students to read more fairy tales, fables and stories after class.
In the second stage, in the third and fourth grades of primary school, I read narrative works and like works with vivid images and strong stories. 400,000 words. To develop reading habits as the goal.
The third stage, the fifth and sixth grade of primary school, expanded reading, 1 10,000 words. Read narrative works, poems, explanatory articles and excellent poems.
The fourth stage, junior high school, reading argumentative essays, news, expository essays, and simple classical Chinese.
Chinese teachers should be "reading seeds"
Chinese teachers should first cultivate a benign reading lifestyle and become "reading seeds". In this way, your students will naturally like reading.
Reading and nourishing
If you want to charge, you should not only have a certain plan, but also pay attention to classics, and choose more works suitable for "reading" and enlightening the soul. It is suggested that everyone should have their own list of books, and which books to read in a few years should be planned and considered as a whole, so that reading can be systematic.
The "circle" in the old periphery is the general part, mainly Chinese and foreign cultural classics, and it is the most basic book.
The second "circle" is the part related to your major or occupation.
The third "circle" is the core part, which is the professional and professional needs.
Teachers should pay attention to introducing interest, activating interest and retaining interest.
About classic reading
Why do you want to read classics?
Because classics are the essence of human culture, reading classics can contact and experience the wisdom of human culture.
The so-called literacy training, the most important thing is to edify and influence with the essence of human wisdom, so that personality thoughts can develop soundly.
Reading classic reading methods:
The most important first step is to determine the appropriate reading list.
Sometimes it is browsing and reading, mainly focusing on interest guidance and quick access to information.
Sometimes a book is read in the preface, postscript, or at the beginning and end, and it has a wide reading range.
Sometimes intensive reading, intensive reading, mainly reading classic works.
You can find relevant books to read according to the writers' works prompted in Chinese class.
Curriculum standards: focus on cultivating students' extensive reading interest, expanding reading scope, increasing reading volume and improving reading taste. Advocate doing fewer questions, reading more, reading good books, reading good books and reading whole books.
Classics are all produced in a specific era, with their specific brand of the times, and may even have limitations. We accept the classics with emotion and rationality, and we can take a critical attitude towards the parts that are not suitable for today's society, but it is also a sympathetic understanding. What we need is to absorb the part of the classics that embodies human wisdom.
Let students read more "casual books"
A survey was made among freshmen in Peking University, and two points were found:
First, students who like Chinese and develop reading habits have a large amount of extracurricular reading, a wide range of knowledge and a good reading experience.
Most of them are "casual books". These students have active thinking and high comprehensive quality.
Second, only familiar with textbooks and teaching AIDS? There are few "idle books" in extracurricular reading, and there is no reading habit. Even if you do well in the exam,
After entering the university, people often feel learning difficulties, narrow vision and insufficient thinking.
It's very tiring to write and read everywhere.
Chinese teaching attaches importance to humanities, which is humanistic education.
Thinking training is more basic and important than writing training.
Argumentative essays should be interpreted more, especially in senior three.
Don't be too emotional in comments, highlight the main points and have "dry goods". Comments do not pursue "literary style".
How Middle School Students Read Lu Xun
Lu Xun's works are not simply narrative, he writes with the experience of life, he will burn you and mobilize you,
Touched you. You will also use your imagination to understand the culture of China and the people of China.
Lu Xun is a soldier, and his works are critical. When reading his works, middle school students should not only learn knowledge, but also learn how to observe and understand society. The most important thing is to learn from Lu Xun's "understanding people and discussing the world".
Second, learn to think independently. Lu Xun never followed blindly, did not join in the fun, and never believed in ready-made conclusions. We can also learn from Lu Xun and write down our own problems, puzzles, understandings and feelings in our own language.
How to read Lu Xun's works;
It is suggested that primary school students read Morning Flowers and Evening Picks, which is full of lyricism and humor. Among them, from "Hundred Herbs Garden" to "San Tan Yin Yue" is the softest part of Lu Xun.
Junior high school students can read his novels. Kong Yiji is one of Lu Xun's three favorite novels.
High school students can read Lu Xun's essays. Lu Xun's essays are "cultural criticism and civilized criticism" of reality.
Lu Xun viewed life and China with his own flesh and blood. They are not empty theories, but vivid and flesh-and-blood encyclopedias of the history of China and China.
Reading Lu Xun's essays in high school can not only improve the writing level, but also learn a lot of knowledge.
Lu Xun's language is written, a little plain, and even a little "gè". Middle school students can't just read popular books. Very fluent things often lack "reading friction". In fact, they need to stop and "climb the hill" in reading.
Lu Xun's articles are humorous and satirical, with a large-scale comic aesthetic feeling. His language tension and refining skills can be learned.
Among the intellectuals in the past hundred years, Lu Xun was the first person who knew the most about China culture.
How deep is it?
Lu Xun discovered the people of China and China, and his introspection and rational understanding of our nation and people needed a unique vision. Lu Xun's vision is different. He saw the deficiency of our nation and our traditional culture through traditional knowledge and China people's thinking habits.
Lu Xun has one characteristic. His article is not mainly about knowledge, but mainly about his own painful feelings, which is summed up from his life experience.
He criticized China culture a lot, but not completely.
Lu Xun also has the deepest understanding of human nature. He is very keen, and sometimes what he says is too critical and ugly.
Lu Xun is not perfect, his personality is not necessarily healthy, he is pessimistic, desperate and a little tactful, but he watches too much. He is sensitive, suspicious and a little "morbid", which is why he can ferment fine works in literature.
How to understand his "extreme"
Lu Xun deliberately rebelled and adopted the spirit of criticism and non-cooperation. He used essays to highlight the problem strongly and give people a warning. He wants to break the imprisonment, activate the mind and guide liberation through some necessary extremes.
Critical images in lu xun's works. Criticism of onlookers, criticism of the protagonist.
Slavery in the national character, optimistic know life's attitude towards life, balance, self-anesthesia, ignorance and conservatism, numbness and inferiority, selfishness and narrowness.
Lu Xun's criticism of national character is actually a bitter medicine for the transformation of our national character. It should be admitted that Lu Xun's criticism has his enlightenment purpose, which is the need for China to enter modernization and phoenix nirvana.
He wrote The Silent Soul of the People, and he wanted to break the silence and vent his depression.
We should look at Lu Xun's critical thinking and think about whether the "root" dug by Lu Xun is right.
Lu Xun has no personal grievances, only public enemies.
"If we can't defeat the enemy, the war will not stop."
He is not a revolutionary, but a humanist thinker. His thinking may be difficult to be feasible, but at least it is a kind of care and vigilance, and the so-called humanistic value is here.
How to eliminate the "gap" in reading Lu Xun;
1、 ? Language "barrier"
Literal and spoken, a little Europeanized. Paying special attention to conjunctions or turning words can make the language more tense and less straightforward, but it can better reflect the complexity and richness of thinking.
There is tension (energy-saving, abnormal, extreme, emotional experience that causes readers to be happy or disgusted), poetry and charm. Read carefully, read again and again, and feel that sense of language.
Read more, and you will feel that the language you usually use is fluent and standard, but tasteless and weightless. If you have this kind of introspection, your language level may be improved.
2、 ? Cultural and historical knowledge, this is the "gap" between the times and knowledge. Look up the book or get a general idea.
The best way to be smart is to draw wisdom from classics.
The Artistic Features of Flowers in the Morning and Flowers in the Evening
First of all: feel the atmosphere. Lu Xun's articles are informal, open and closed, which is a great tolerance.
Lu Xun narrates his past life experiences, sometimes indulging in memories, sometimes feeling, sometimes sketching the scenery, sometimes trying to figure out some psychology, sometimes evaluating the truth, and sometimes beating about the bush. Really achieved what the author called "speaking freely" and "having no scruples"
Lu Xun told young people how to write an article: To exercise their hands, as long as they grasp the reins, they are not afraid to set wild horses, and they should prevent themselves from going to the corner of knickknacks.
Pay attention to the thinking behind the text and let the change of thinking lead the writing of the article. Only when the mind is open and not rigid can the article have great bearing.
Second, humor. Advanced humor, this kind of irony is not straightforward, but a somewhat joking way to reply to the enemy. This smile is like a whip, giving the enemy a beating, which shows the power of humor. Especially "morning flowers pick up in the evening".
Lu Xun's humor is powerful and confident, a kind of wisdom, a kind of language style and a kind of temperament.
He is not only the bravest warrior in the dark ages, lonely, worried and angry, but also warm, naughty and lovely. Humor constitutes an important aspect of Lu Xun's image.
Third, the taste is simple. Extracting typical details, there are many simple drawings (no color, no rendering), simple milk poison, just like appreciating clear and concise lines and expressive sketches.
It is not easy to achieve the simple taste of Lu Xun. Observation is a kind of thinking ability, which can grasp the characteristics and key points. This needs training. Learn from Lu Xun and make your articles more concise, not wordy, not complicated, and not running a running account.
Fourth, the temptation of homesickness. Our memories of our hometown are filtered, and it is a selectively imagined childhood. With the sadness and nostalgia of adults, it is no longer an original childhood.
Lu Xun said that his "Morning Flowers" only "fooled" himself in memory and satisfied "the temptation of homesickness".
He said: "China people always like to reconcile and compromise. For example, if you say that this room is too dark, you must open a window here, and everyone must not allow it. But if you advocate tearing down the roof, they will come to a settlement and are willing to open the window. Without a stronger proposition, they always reject even peaceful reforms. "
"It's a pity that China is too difficult to change. Even if you move a table and refit a stove, you almost need blood; And even if there is blood, it may not be able to move and modify. "
He did see through it. Imagine that if you don't have to take a completely negative attitude at the beginning, if you always "compromise on time", you will be trapped by the social inertia of compromise and reconciliation, and any reform will become empty talk.
Lu Xun is a fierce critic of tradition, and at the same time he is the most insightful successor and revaluator of tradition.
Why do students like Harry Potter?
The magical plot inspired the imagination.
Conforming to the reality of teenagers' growing up is to "understand" their works.
The "magic" in Harry Potter comes from "reality" and is integrated with it.
It can be regarded as a bildungsroman. In the world of magic and reality, there are children's growing pains, rebellion and adventure, friendship and love. The books written by foreigners are not artificial, but they understand them very well. Like the ignorance of first love.
In this materialistic era, Harry Potter has given readers moral strength.
Harry Potter is very readable, but also lies in its original literary nature.
Introduce my favorite books to young friends.
1, The Analects appreciates his wisdom in life, his down-to-earth attitude, his insight and understanding of personnel, and his generosity and optimism.
Reading of the analects of confucius is unremarkable, knowing people and discussing the world. Without the worship, he will be more creative.
2. Mencius
3. Zhuangzi is the transcendence and imagination of life, and The Analects is the understanding of life.
Shi Shuo Xin Yu, 300 Tang Poems and China's View of Ancient Literature
4. A Dream of Red Mansions
5. Complete Works of Lu Xun
6.* * * Producers' Party Declaration
7. The Bible, the Meditation by Kyle Aurelius, is a book of reflection and self-encouragement.
8. Shakespeare's plays are suitable for reading aloud, and the elegant style makes people's imagination fly. You can choose one or two tragedies, Hamlet.
9. Jameson's cultural logic of late capitalism. Rousseau's Theory of Social Contract and Confessions (autobiographical biographies) and Adam Smith's research on the nature and causes of national wealth have aroused people's thinking about the nature of market economy and its gains and losses.
10, Kant's critique of practical reason, slowly eating "sour fruit" is a kind of tempering, you will feel that you have exercised your rational thinking, broadened your horizons, and gained something in the world outlook and outlook on life.
Goethe's aphorisms and feelings
John stewart Mill's On Freedom will lead to essential thinking.
Selected readings of Marx and Engels
Toynbee's "Man and Mother Earth: A Narrative World History" is helpful to understand the long course of human civilization, to establish a world perspective of civilization comparison, and to break through the rigid historical view.
John rawls's Theory of Justice
1 1, biography of Ernesto Guevara.
12, "Selected Works of Mao Zedong" let us know the national conditions of China, and also let us have an idealistic sense of mission.
Reading classics requires "tempering", which is a process of self-cultivation. There is a kind of transcendence and a kind of respect. If you try to mobilize your feelings and spirituality to get close to and understand, you will be able to go deep into the temple, and elegant tastes will be gradually cultivated. Focus on reading Investigation Report of Hunan Peasant Movement, Theory of New Democracy, Speech at Yan 'an Forum on Literature and Art, Theory of Contradiction and Theory of Practice.
China literature and movies in the 20th century.
What are the steps to read A Guide to Chinese and Foreign Literary Works?
First, the "first impression" of a work is very important. You should get the overall feeling, trust and cherish your impression, and don't rush to analyze and find any meaningful topics. The ideas in the reading guide can give you hints and inspirations, compare them with your own reading experience, see if they are consistent, and cause some thinking.
After reading the work, I will discuss some problems around thinking and raise the feeling and experience of reading to a rational level. You can follow the guidance of reading guide and summary, find relevant research results or works for reference and do extended learning.
At the end of a unit's study, make a summary, combine the analysis of works, sort out the clues of literary history, and think about the methods of appreciating and commenting on works.
Teachers and students should pay attention to the analysis of works combined with reading impressions and problems, and emphasize the exploration and cultivation of literary imagination, sensibility and analytical judgment ability everywhere.
We should attach importance to and trust our own reading experience, pay attention to accumulating different reading experiences and be good at comparing different artistic styles; To understand the ideological connotation of classic works, we must have a certain sense of history and be good at experiencing the feelings and values that may be interlinked at all times and in all countries; Don't "cut to the chase" and simply "solve" everything with a fixed concept and mode of thinking (such as anti-feudalism, the quality of working people and what it reflects); We can't "analyze" all the fresh works in a cold and patterned way, and then simply and repeatedly apply some modifiers to explain them (scene blending, distinctive personality, etc.). ). Be sure to think and analyze on the basis of reading the works with your own artistic feelings, grasp the artistic personality of each work and let go of your thinking.
After reading a work, I only remember a few dry themes, such as feelings, experiences and thoughts. It is more important than anything to accumulate in reading and improve one's literary accomplishment.
Learning to appreciate beautiful literary works can make you have a liberal temperament. This "bo" can be understood as broad vision and extraordinary bearing, and "elegance" means elegant taste.
Of course, the benefits of reading classics are deep and shallow, but there may be several levels:
The first is the level of knowledge understanding. For example, the history of western philosophy, Greek philosophy, rereading Plato's Republic;
The second is the level of enlightenment thinking. Jameson's "Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism" will naturally cause critical thinking on some trust social phenomena in the current Internet age.
The third is the perception level. In the reading of the blending of reason and sensibility, we should go beyond the exception appropriately, think about the wisdom and significance of classics, think about our relationship with the world, and think about how to assume our responsibility for the world.
Network reading
Paper books are more suitable for "deep reading".
Online reading is often interfered by other push information, which makes this kind of thinking and feeling that should be "deep reading" become "shallow".
The traditional reading of paper books is itself an aesthetic process.
Have a "own garden"
If you want to be less tired, especially less tired, you must have your own private land to rest and build a small "garden" of your own.
What is "your own garden"? That's your own place, where you can stretch your talents, lick your wounds, do "spiritual gymnastics" and have some fun in a sad world.
No matter how busy you are, you can spare some time of your own. No matter how chaotic it is, there must be one thing to calm yourself down.
Shi Tao's poverty is a "filtering" initiative.
Du Fu is a true portrayal of poverty and hardship. be forced
Poetry is not allowed: generally speaking, reading poetry does not need textual research, nor does it need to implement a unique conclusion.
Read Einstein's My Belief and observe this wise man's childlike heart.
The Red Star Shines on China: Si Nuo's Real Meticulous Painting. "Telling the story of China well" needs the professional conscience and accomplishment of the media, the responsibility to face the truth and record it, the broadening of horizons, the liberation of thoughts and the understanding of cultural diversity.
Zhang Ailing: There is desolation in meticulous realism.
Exquisite and delicate