Eliot's masterpiece is a milestone in modern western poetry. The basic theme of the work is to express the decadence, desolation and lifelessness of modern western society through the natural fertility of human beings, and also to reflect the disillusionment and despair of a whole generation. The whole poem captures the "spirit of the times" as a precarious desolate land, and points out that only by relying on religion can this disintegrated society be revived. "Wasteland" is an image that runs through, which symbolizes the exhaustion of the soul, in sharp contrast to activities that rely on the source of regeneration in the past, such as religious ceremonies. After the manuscript was completed, the poet gave it to Pound, who revised it, deleted half the length and finalized it. The whole poem is ***433 lines, divided into five parts, with different lines and rhythms, and the poet himself added comments. There is no logical continuity between the five parts, but the whole poem has artistic harmony and unity because of the following four methods. 1) chose the symbols of two anthropologists, one is Jesse L. Weston's monograph "From Sacrifice to Myth" about ancient religious ceremonies, and the other is james frazer's "Golden Branch". Eliot used the story of the fish king. The fish king's land was cursed and turned into a wasteland due to lack of water. The fish king and his people also lost their reproductive ability. Only when the boy looking for the holy grail comes can the spell be lifted and the people's disaster be eliminated. In medieval works, the search for the Holy Grail symbolizes the pursuit of truth. In the "wasteland", this pursuit has become the pursuit of the water of life, which is the source of saving and regenerating the wasteland. 2) The combination of various rhythms, words and images achieves a special effect. This arrangement is not to tell readers anything, but to let this effect blend into the overall feelings and emotions. 3) Using the contrast between history and the present to express the particularity of the present is similar to James Joyce's method in Ulysses and Pound's poems. 4) Using the quotation and imitation in literary works to highlight the contrast between ancient and modern cultural states, the whole poem quotes or imitates at least 35 writers. In artistic conception, Eliot was deeply influenced by Dante's Divine Comedy, and compared the ugly and filthy society at that time to a gloomy and terrible hell. London described by the poet has always been shrouded in a lifeless and sad atmosphere. People on the "wasteland" have become bohemian, deeply guilty and unable to extricate themselves because of lack of faith and exhaustion of spirit. Humans are helpless and everything is falling apart. But God will appear to save the dying modern people. People repent, obey God's will, truly live in the spirit of Christianity, and find peace and sustenance in the mysterious world. The first "The Funeral of the Dead" describes that people are extremely empty and have nothing to do, just like walking dead. In the second Chess, the poet borrows a scene from Shakespeare's Anthony and Cleopatra to look back on a glory, but it also brings disaster because of endless desire. Then come to reality. Men and women who are listless for a while and don't know how to send them away tomorrow are chatting and playing chess in a dirty pub. Two women in London's lower class are gossiping, which shows that people have no real love, no sense of morality and responsibility, and they are aging before they are old because of indulgence. The third part is "the sermon of fire". Leaves swaying in the wind represent the vagaries of life, and people struggle desperately. All you want to catch is a dream. The poet is immersed in memories of the past, but he can't get rid of reality. He could do nothing but look on coldly, looking at this "immaterial" city of London and the walking dead inside. The fourth book "Death in the Water" is short in length, which expounds the ups and downs of the businessman Frybas in the sea, warning people to take a warning and strengthen their faith in order to save their souls. The fifth part is "Thunder Theory". Thunder represents God. The thirsty people are waiting for the rain to moisten them, and the thirsty soul is looking forward to rebirth. Thunder brings information about waste soil recycling. Only by obeying God and firmly believing in Christianity can people get peace of mind. The Waste Land embodies Eliot's poetic theory technically. The poet used the concrete images of vulgar life and noisy market-dead trees, dead stones, dead bells and old faces. Broken tents, collapsed bridges, etc. -In order to express the thoughts of emptiness, poverty and social depravity of modern people, poets use a lot of allusions and quote the works of other writers, which deepens and expands the meaning of poetry and enriches the expression of poetry. Poets also pile up different things, images and scenes with many clues, resulting in a chaotic effect, while modern society is upside down and chaotic. Through mythical allusions, the poet explained the theme of the whole poem, that is, God will rise from the dead, give people strength and give life to the earth. Eliot shows that the desolation of modern society is universal, and the center of human development cycle will inevitably appear.